Papers by Enver Buçaj PhD
Multidisciplinary Reviews, Mar 5, 2024
Multidisciplinary Reviews, Feb 9, 2024
Cyberbullying has been a severe problem that emerged since the beginning of the 21st century, par... more Cyberbullying has been a severe problem that emerged since the beginning of the 21st century, particularly among children and young people. Being the target of cyberbullying can result in feelings of depression, hopelessness, a loss of self-esteem, and isolation. These emotions are all antecedents of acts of self-harm, particularly for victims but also for bullies. Studies on cyberbullying have produced somewhat contradictory results, and the methods developed to counteract these phenomena have been consistent with these results. Cybercrime's reach has grown, as has its ability to inflict monetary and nonmonetary harm, including direct changes to the physical world. On the other hand, cybercrime has been extensively combating for decades, in contrast to cyberbullying. People's lives are becoming increasingly intertwined with the Internet, bringing many fresh educational and amusement opportunities. In addition, it offers a platform for forms of online harassment, such as cyberbullying and cyberstalking, both of which may have devastating impacts on the lives of young people. Cyberstalking can intentionally harm another person through digital technologies such as social media, email, text messaging, or other online platforms by cyberbullying; regularly following or harassing another person via these same technologies. Keeping in mind that cyberbullying and cyberstalking can happen at any time to anyone is the responsibility of every parent. They should openly discuss the risks of technology with their own children and provide them with strategies and tips for staying safe online to avoid cyberbullying and stalking. When protecting their children from the potentially serious legal consequences of cyberbullying, parents should provide as much information as possible about the relevant laws. In addition, parents should ensure that they are familiar with the websites and platforms that are used by one’s children and should be involved in their children's lives so that any unexpected changes in behavior or mood can be noticed early on and addressed. Finally, parents need to provide their children with aid and direction whenever required and to demonstrate that they are reachable and ready to listen if their children are victims of cyberbullying or cyberstalking.
SSRN Electronic Journal
The computer is a technological device that is largely used by detectives, police patrols, superv... more The computer is a technological device that is largely used by detectives, police patrols, supervisors, and managers, but also by perpetrators of criminal offenses. Today, computer systems make it easier to identify documents, identify vehicle data such as vehicle identification numbers, year of manufacture, vehicle owner, vehicle technical data e.g. weight, driving power, whether they are wanted vehicles or appear on the list of stolen vehicles, etc. However, despite the positive aspect, computers are largely being used for criminal purposes, by perpetrators of criminal offenses who know how to exploit the wide range of these systems. They may be persons who, with little instruction, are able to create successful counterfeiting operations. Therefore, investigators must be aware of these possibilities, as well as be specialized in examining computers. “Many law enforcement agencies have specifically established separate forensic information systems sections to address this issue. It is important to collect data digitally. This would best be done by IT experts, especially computer experts, who can best take measures to preserve evidence in case of confiscation of computers”. Computer systems have been used in many cases of vehicle theft and forgery, so this should be taken into account by police investigators. Understanding computer and database systems is important in the stolen vehicle detection process. In the US, investigators can by means of computer software automatically compare data from the Department of Motor Vehicle Registration with data from the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) - a non-profit organization that supports law enforcement agencies in facilitating identification, detection and prosecution of perpetrators of insurance fraud crimes”. Such a program is also used by other countries, mainly those that are part of international security organizations, such as INTERPOL.
Acta Universitatis Danubius : Juridica, 2017
This paper scrutinizes and highlights imminent need to regulate cyber terrorism phenomena in line... more This paper scrutinizes and highlights imminent need to regulate cyber terrorism phenomena in line with the principle of international law. In so doing, this paper intends to ascertain legal basis to regulate cyber terrorism at international level. It explains the normative conduct by drawing on adjustments of certain member states of European Union as well as from none-European member states. Particular a$ ention will be given as to how Kosovo has addressed cyber terrorism within its legal framework of criminal acts. The paper also addresses practical consequences of cyber terrorism in the context of cyber a$ acks events in a$ empt to establish a legal basis for its prevention and punishment of cyber criminals wherever it happens. The author articulates its arguments by examining the presumed threats as a result of cyber terrorism activities, as well as based on well-known cyber terrorist behaviors and constant literature that insinuate that cyber a$ acks are imminent threats. Lastly, as there is neither a particular treaty nor State practices, the author considers of utmost importance to spell out diff erent views and statistics alluding that the need to regulate cyber terrorism in line with principle of international criminal law is a necessity.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
The involvement of juveniles in criminal activities has become a concern for Law Enforcement Agen... more The involvement of juveniles in criminal activities has become a concern for Law Enforcement Agencies in the Republic of Kosovo, in particular after the declaration of independence since 2008. The study of statistics by law enforcement agencies in this area shows that in many cases the concern of the community is reasonable. As can be seen from the figures, the ratio between the numbers of incriminated young people is very close to that of victims of this age. The criminal behavior of one group is aggravated in most cases to the same extent by their peers. This is one of the strongest reasons in studying the phenomenon to analyze these two components in parallel. The aggrieved party may in certain circumstances react by victimizing others. So, the impact on each other between the two groups is possible. Not even 5% of children under the age of 5 in Kosovo are involved in preschool education. Educating children is a constitutional right. Nurseries are not a luxury but a necessity. They are a right guaranteed to all children, regardless of gender, ethnicity, background or religion. Early education shall be the priority of new governance. The more quality upgrades in kindergartens and schools the fewer children on city streets working for survival or begging. Juveniles need shelter, family care, state and community care. No child deserves to be without a roof over his/her head and without quality education. The state must guarantee their development, welfare and education.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017
The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the interconnectednes... more The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the interconnectedness of markets, the mobility and the advanced technological capabilities of individuals and terrorist groups. The international community must act as a united front against all forms of terrorism and that there can be no justification for terrorism and the war against terrorism cannot be selective.
This paper scrutinizes and highlights imminent need to regulate cyber terrorism pheromone in line... more This paper scrutinizes and highlights imminent need to regulate cyber terrorism pheromone in line with principle of international law. In so doing, this paper intends to ascertain legal basis to regulate cyber terrorism at international level. It explains the normative conduct by drawing on adjustments of certain member states of European Union as well as from none-European member states. Particular attention will be given as to how Kosovo has addressed cyber terrorism within its legal framework of criminal acts. The paper also addresses practical consequences of cyber terrorism in context of cyber-attacks events in attempt to establish legal basis for its prevention and punishment of cyber criminals wherever it happens. The author articulates its arguments by examining the presumed threats as a result of cyber terrorism activities, as well as based on well-known cyber terrorist behaviors and constant literature that insinuate that cyber-attacks are imminent threats. Lastly, as there is neither a particular treaty nor State practices, the author considers of utmost importance to spell out different views and statistics alluding that the need to regulate cyber terrorism in line with principle of international criminal law is a necessity.
Abstract
The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the intercon... more Abstract
The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the interconnectedness of markets, the mobility and the advanced technological capabilities of individuals and terrorist groups. The international community must act as a united front against all forms of terrorism and that there can be no justification for terrorism and the war against terrorism cannot be selective.
This survey of terrorism research focused on research studies published in the first five years a... more This survey of terrorism research focused on research studies published in the first five years after the 9/11 attacks. It highlights a number of positive trends which can be seen in this initial period after 9/11. To begin with, it is clear that more researchers are working on the subject than before and there has been a real increase in collaborative studies. This allows studies to be more ambitious in both data-collection and data analysis, though there has only been a very small shift away from literature review-based research. There has, however, been a much more promising increase in the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The use of inferential statistics on terrorism data in particular has more than trebled since 9/11, a trend which can only help improve the reliability and validity of the conclusions being reached by researchers. Admittedly, this is an increase starting from an extremely low level indeed (and still compares poorly to core journals in other areas) but it is unquestionably a major step in the right direction.
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Papers by Enver Buçaj PhD
The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the interconnectedness of markets, the mobility and the advanced technological capabilities of individuals and terrorist groups. The international community must act as a united front against all forms of terrorism and that there can be no justification for terrorism and the war against terrorism cannot be selective.
The effect of terrorism today has much more international impact because of the interconnectedness of markets, the mobility and the advanced technological capabilities of individuals and terrorist groups. The international community must act as a united front against all forms of terrorism and that there can be no justification for terrorism and the war against terrorism cannot be selective.