Papers by Encarnación Moral
Agriculture
The Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), part of the EU’s quality policy for agri-food products... more The Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), part of the EU’s quality policy for agri-food products, aims to provide consumers with reliable information on the quality of a food, linked to its origin. Olive oil has perceptible qualities derived from its place of production, which create a link between the product and its place of origin, and which can influence consumer preferences. Spain, the world’s leading producer of this vegetable fat, had 29 PDOs at the end of 2020, 25.84% of the EU total for this industry. Based on the arguments drawn from the literature and the information provided by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), this paper first analyses the importance of olive oil with differentiated quality certified by a PDO for the Spanish olive oil industry. Secondly, the t-test is applied to identify positive differences in the income earned by farmers who produce olive oil certified by a PDO. Thirdly, the international competitiveness of extra virgin ...
Sustainability, 2020
In order to reduce poverty and achieve Goal 1 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, cou... more In order to reduce poverty and achieve Goal 1 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, countries’ foreign trade flows must be a driving force for productive activity, as proposed by the WTO-led (World Trade Organization) Aid for Trade initiative. This work analyzes the evolution of international trade in goods and services between Africa’s Least Developed Countries and customers and suppliers from other countries between 2005 and 2015, based on the information provided by UNCTAD and the World Bank. The results confirm a greater degree of trade openness and especially an increase in service imports. Overall, the data show that the purchases made in the international market have a greater marginal effect on GDP than sales, leading to the conclusion that changes in trade policy are needed, at both international and national level. Actions should be aimed at ensuring that the growing integration of these economies in the world trade system does not result in continued deficits in...
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2019
Water scarcity in Mediterranean countries, especially in drought periods, justifies the use of wa... more Water scarcity in Mediterranean countries, especially in drought periods, justifies the use of wastewater. The deficit of water resources influences crop productivity and threatens environmental sustainability. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether agricultural production and irrigation area determine the volume of reused wastewater in Spain. To that end, a panel data model is estimated with 187 observations from 17 Spanish regions between 2004 and 2014. The results obtained show that wastewater reuse depends on agricultural variables as well as factors which affect the supply and demand of water. These include the relative scarcity of water resources; the availability of surface water, groundwater and desalinated water; the population; and the revenues collected for sanitation and wastewater treatment. Prevailing economic conditions, however, are not a determining factor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop appropriate management systems that guarantee the financing of sanitation and water reclamation services in all the regions that have significant crop production and scarcity of water resources.
Globalisation affects the smallest specialized companies in mature sectors, especially in the les... more Globalisation affects the smallest specialized companies in mature sectors, especially in the less developed regions in Europe. In these cases, the competitive advantage that these industries had achieved in the international market due to low costs of the factors has been broken. One way to improve its competitive position is an active participation in the international market through communication and
Journal of Business Research, 2015
This paper analyzes the relationship between efficiency and exports in Southern European olive oi... more This paper analyzes the relationship between efficiency and exports in Southern European olive oil sector companies with websites in 2012 and investigates the effects of companies' age, export attitude, the output percentage to sell abroad, its website quality, and use of online commercial transactions on company's efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method assesses export and non-export companies' efficiency, and logistic regression identifies variables affecting the efficiency of the firms in this study. Results confirm that export companies are more efficient than non-export, especially if they adopt an active attitude towards export and conclude online commercial transactions. Although following a cross-sectional study of a specific sector has certain limitations, the conclusions are valid and applicable for those working in this sector, particularly executives, and for those with political responsibilities.
Forests, 2020
Illegal logging and the associated deforestation have serious consequences for biodiversity, the ... more Illegal logging and the associated deforestation have serious consequences for biodiversity, the climate, the economy and society. The EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) prohibits the placing of illegally harvested timber or timber products on the market. The objective of this paper is to analyse the recent evolution of EU imports of these products from the international market, in order to check how the transparency index of the supplying countries’ institutions and tree cover loss have influenced this trajectory. To that end, a panel data model is estimated with 228 observations from 38 exporting countries between 2012 and 2017. The results show that EU timber imports have a direct association with the transparency index and an inverse relationship with tree cover loss; both these relationships are highly significant at the one-percent level. Other significant factors are the performance of the EU construction sector (as a proxy for timber demand) and timber supply. In the short and medi...
Revista De Economia Mundial, 2014
The purpose of this research is to analyse the evolution and competitive position of the OECD eco... more The purpose of this research is to analyse the evolution and competitive position of the OECD economies as suppliers of knowledge intensive services (KIS) in the global market. Starting from different theoretical arguments and estimating a panel data model with country and year fixed effects, it is shown that the imports of such services and the size of the national production system have a significant influence on the competitive position that exports of KIS hold.
Este libro es la primera aproximación que se realiza a la internacionalización y a la implantació... more Este libro es la primera aproximación que se realiza a la internacionalización y a la implantación de las TIC de forma conjunta, en el ámbito de la Economía Social y concretamente en uno de los sectores estratégicos andaluces: el sector cooperativo oleícola. La exportación y la aplicación de las TIC son dos motores complementarios clave para mejorar la competitividad empresarial en aras a solventar el problema del exceso de oferta de aceites de oliva (un millón de toneladas) una vez cubierta la demanda interna. Se analiza la situación actual y se proponen estrategias que ayudarán al desarrollo del sector.
Uploads
Papers by Encarnación Moral