Mycoses can be clinically divided into superficial and deep mycosis.1 The former is limited to th... more Mycoses can be clinically divided into superficial and deep mycosis.1 The former is limited to the skin and surrounding areas, without implying any risk to the patient’s life, whereas deep mycosis is considered and very often a fatal condition.2
Fungal endocarditis in premature infants has rarely been reported; only 16 cases have been descri... more Fungal endocarditis in premature infants has rarely been reported; only 16 cases have been described. We present a fatal case of endocarditis due to Candida albicans in a patient requiring neonatal intensive care and parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter; there were no preexisting pathological abnormalities. The patient had sepsis with multisystem organ failure, resulting in death. A postmortem examination was performed, and the most important findings are presented. The literature on fungal endocarditis in premature infants is reviewed as well.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Nov 1, 2010
We have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole, posaconazole (P... more We have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole, posaconazole (PSC), itraconazole (ITC), ravuconazole, terbinafine, and caspofungin against five strains of Cunninghamella bertholletiae and four of Cunninghamella echinulata. The best activity was shown by terbinafine against both species (MIC range ؍ 0.3 to 0.6 g/ml) and PSC against Cunninghamella bertholletiae (MIC ؍ 0.5 g/ml). We have also evaluated the efficacies of PSC, ITC, and AMB in neutropenic and diabetic murine models of disseminated infection by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. PSC at 40, 60, or 80 mg/kg of body weight/day was as effective as AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day in prolonging survival and reducing the fungal tissue burden in neutropenic mice. PSC at 80 mg/kg/day was more effective than AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day in reducing the fungal load in brain and lung of diabetic mice. Histological studies revealed an absence of fungal elements in organs of mice treated with either AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day or PSC at 60 or 80 mg/kg/day in both models. ITC showed limited efficacy in both models. PSC could be a therapeutic option for the treatment of systemic infections caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae.
A number of different procedures are currently used with the aim of accelerating the healing of b... more A number of different procedures are currently used with the aim of accelerating the healing of burns, as one of the direct consequences of the frequent complications accompanying burns is the need for xenografting, artificial skin grafting and other costly modes of therapy. A safe and secure therapeutic procedure which would avoid the need for such treatments would constitute a marked advance in the management of lesions resulting from burns (1).
Prostate pathology is a daily occurrence in urological and general medical consultations. Besides... more Prostate pathology is a daily occurrence in urological and general medical consultations. Besides hyperplasia and neoplastic pathology, other processes, such as infectious ones, are also documented. Their etiology is diverse and varied. Within the infectious prostatic processes, fungi can also be a specific cause of prostatitis. Fungal prostatitis often appears in patients with impaired immunity and can also be rarely found in healthy patients. It can result from a disseminated infection, but it can also be localized. Fungal prostatitis is a nonspecific and harmless process. Diagnosis is commonly made by fine needle aspiration cytology or by biopsy. A number of fungi can be involved. Although there are not many reported cases, they are becoming more frequent, in particular in patients with some degree of immunodeficiency or those who live in areas where specific fungi are endemic or in visitors of those areas. We present a comprehensive review of the various forms of fungal prostatitis, and we describe the morphological characteristics of the fungi more frequently reported as causes of fungal prostatitis. We also report our own experience, aiming to alert physicians, urologists and pathologists of these particular infections.
The characteristics of the repair callus in fractures, as well as the processes that take place d... more The characteristics of the repair callus in fractures, as well as the processes that take place during the healing of the lesioned tissues, are of paramount importance when we consider the speed, quality and prognosis of the bone tissue repair. The formation of the fracture callus depends on several factors that may be modified (altered) by different treatments (vitamins, minerals, hormones, electrical stimuli) (1,2,3) particularly if they are administered during the healing period (4).
La patologia es una de las ramas de la medicina donde los avances cientificos han tenido mayor im... more La patologia es una de las ramas de la medicina donde los avances cientificos han tenido mayor impacto. En los inicios, el patologo definia diferentes patologias basandose en el origen anatomico, el comportamiento clinico o los hallazgos microscopicos. La patologia moderna, asocia los hallazgos arquitecturales y morfologicos, los perfiles de expresion proteica y los grandes avances de la patologia molecular1, o las herramientas informaticas2. En este sentido, el patologo es una pieza basica tanto en las ciencias basicas como en la clinica.
Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was effectiv... more Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In turn, desferrioxamine (DFO), a chelating agent with ability to chelate iron and aluminum (Al), produced a 50% decrease in the rate of cognitive decline in patients with AD. Since combined therapy with tacrine and DFO might be more effective than individual administration of these drugs for the treatment of AD patients, this study evaluated the toxic effects of concomitant administration of tacrine and DFO to rats. Three groups of 8 rats each received the following treatments for 8 w: 80 mg DFO/kg/d i.m., 7.5 mg tacrine/kg/d po, or 80 mg DFO/kg/d i.m. +7.5 mg tacrine/kg/d po. A control group received distilled water by gavage daily and a 0.9% saline injection i.m. The administration of DFO + tacrine for 8 w did not increase most of the side effects caused by the individual DFO or tacrine administrations. These results open the possibility of considering the effectiveness of simultaneous administration of DFO and tacrine as a palliative treatment for AD patients.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, May 5, 2009
This study that was done on lymphomagene-bearing mice indicates a synergism aluminum-radiofrequen... more This study that was done on lymphomagene-bearing mice indicates a synergism aluminum-radiofrequency which induces an early increase in mortality that is in concomitance with lymphoid elements proliferation and infiltration of spleen and liver. These two last phenomena were assessed by determination of the hypertrophic index (Growth Index) which is the organ weight to to the body weight ratio, as well as by the histopathological examination of the organ tissue. The importance of this synergism appears to be determined by the ionization at the physiological pH of the used aluminum complexes: much higher with lactate complex than with the citrate one. On the other hand, this dissociation appears to induce a remarkable acceleration of the mortality and the lymphoid elements-related hypertrophy of the spleen and liver at early age. Aluminum complexes are known as modifiers of the intracellular calcium homeostasis, and to verify if such process could be implicated in this synergism, the effects of calcium chloride were assayed, in this case the calcium-overload had no effects in the presence of a workable cellular control of intracellular calcium homeostasis. This finding support the hypothesis that ionized aluminum provided by lactate may be implicated in the inhibition of the buffering and extruding extracellular calcium system.
Dendryphiosphaera uniseptata anam. -sp. nov., distinguished by conidiophores profusely branched a... more Dendryphiosphaera uniseptata anam. -sp. nov., distinguished by conidiophores profusely branched at the apex and clavate to cuneate, 1-septate, pale brown conidia is described and illustrated. It was found on leaf litter in a rainforest in Cuba. Thirty-four conidial fungi recorded for the first time from Cuba are listed and some of them illustrated.
Mycoses can be clinically divided into superficial and deep mycosis.1 The former is limited to th... more Mycoses can be clinically divided into superficial and deep mycosis.1 The former is limited to the skin and surrounding areas, without implying any risk to the patient’s life, whereas deep mycosis is considered and very often a fatal condition.2
Fungal endocarditis in premature infants has rarely been reported; only 16 cases have been descri... more Fungal endocarditis in premature infants has rarely been reported; only 16 cases have been described. We present a fatal case of endocarditis due to Candida albicans in a patient requiring neonatal intensive care and parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter; there were no preexisting pathological abnormalities. The patient had sepsis with multisystem organ failure, resulting in death. A postmortem examination was performed, and the most important findings are presented. The literature on fungal endocarditis in premature infants is reviewed as well.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Nov 1, 2010
We have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole, posaconazole (P... more We have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole, posaconazole (PSC), itraconazole (ITC), ravuconazole, terbinafine, and caspofungin against five strains of Cunninghamella bertholletiae and four of Cunninghamella echinulata. The best activity was shown by terbinafine against both species (MIC range ؍ 0.3 to 0.6 g/ml) and PSC against Cunninghamella bertholletiae (MIC ؍ 0.5 g/ml). We have also evaluated the efficacies of PSC, ITC, and AMB in neutropenic and diabetic murine models of disseminated infection by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. PSC at 40, 60, or 80 mg/kg of body weight/day was as effective as AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day in prolonging survival and reducing the fungal tissue burden in neutropenic mice. PSC at 80 mg/kg/day was more effective than AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day in reducing the fungal load in brain and lung of diabetic mice. Histological studies revealed an absence of fungal elements in organs of mice treated with either AMB at 0.8 mg/kg/day or PSC at 60 or 80 mg/kg/day in both models. ITC showed limited efficacy in both models. PSC could be a therapeutic option for the treatment of systemic infections caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae.
A number of different procedures are currently used with the aim of accelerating the healing of b... more A number of different procedures are currently used with the aim of accelerating the healing of burns, as one of the direct consequences of the frequent complications accompanying burns is the need for xenografting, artificial skin grafting and other costly modes of therapy. A safe and secure therapeutic procedure which would avoid the need for such treatments would constitute a marked advance in the management of lesions resulting from burns (1).
Prostate pathology is a daily occurrence in urological and general medical consultations. Besides... more Prostate pathology is a daily occurrence in urological and general medical consultations. Besides hyperplasia and neoplastic pathology, other processes, such as infectious ones, are also documented. Their etiology is diverse and varied. Within the infectious prostatic processes, fungi can also be a specific cause of prostatitis. Fungal prostatitis often appears in patients with impaired immunity and can also be rarely found in healthy patients. It can result from a disseminated infection, but it can also be localized. Fungal prostatitis is a nonspecific and harmless process. Diagnosis is commonly made by fine needle aspiration cytology or by biopsy. A number of fungi can be involved. Although there are not many reported cases, they are becoming more frequent, in particular in patients with some degree of immunodeficiency or those who live in areas where specific fungi are endemic or in visitors of those areas. We present a comprehensive review of the various forms of fungal prostatitis, and we describe the morphological characteristics of the fungi more frequently reported as causes of fungal prostatitis. We also report our own experience, aiming to alert physicians, urologists and pathologists of these particular infections.
The characteristics of the repair callus in fractures, as well as the processes that take place d... more The characteristics of the repair callus in fractures, as well as the processes that take place during the healing of the lesioned tissues, are of paramount importance when we consider the speed, quality and prognosis of the bone tissue repair. The formation of the fracture callus depends on several factors that may be modified (altered) by different treatments (vitamins, minerals, hormones, electrical stimuli) (1,2,3) particularly if they are administered during the healing period (4).
La patologia es una de las ramas de la medicina donde los avances cientificos han tenido mayor im... more La patologia es una de las ramas de la medicina donde los avances cientificos han tenido mayor impacto. En los inicios, el patologo definia diferentes patologias basandose en el origen anatomico, el comportamiento clinico o los hallazgos microscopicos. La patologia moderna, asocia los hallazgos arquitecturales y morfologicos, los perfiles de expresion proteica y los grandes avances de la patologia molecular1, o las herramientas informaticas2. En este sentido, el patologo es una pieza basica tanto en las ciencias basicas como en la clinica.
Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was effectiv... more Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In turn, desferrioxamine (DFO), a chelating agent with ability to chelate iron and aluminum (Al), produced a 50% decrease in the rate of cognitive decline in patients with AD. Since combined therapy with tacrine and DFO might be more effective than individual administration of these drugs for the treatment of AD patients, this study evaluated the toxic effects of concomitant administration of tacrine and DFO to rats. Three groups of 8 rats each received the following treatments for 8 w: 80 mg DFO/kg/d i.m., 7.5 mg tacrine/kg/d po, or 80 mg DFO/kg/d i.m. +7.5 mg tacrine/kg/d po. A control group received distilled water by gavage daily and a 0.9% saline injection i.m. The administration of DFO + tacrine for 8 w did not increase most of the side effects caused by the individual DFO or tacrine administrations. These results open the possibility of considering the effectiveness of simultaneous administration of DFO and tacrine as a palliative treatment for AD patients.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, May 5, 2009
This study that was done on lymphomagene-bearing mice indicates a synergism aluminum-radiofrequen... more This study that was done on lymphomagene-bearing mice indicates a synergism aluminum-radiofrequency which induces an early increase in mortality that is in concomitance with lymphoid elements proliferation and infiltration of spleen and liver. These two last phenomena were assessed by determination of the hypertrophic index (Growth Index) which is the organ weight to to the body weight ratio, as well as by the histopathological examination of the organ tissue. The importance of this synergism appears to be determined by the ionization at the physiological pH of the used aluminum complexes: much higher with lactate complex than with the citrate one. On the other hand, this dissociation appears to induce a remarkable acceleration of the mortality and the lymphoid elements-related hypertrophy of the spleen and liver at early age. Aluminum complexes are known as modifiers of the intracellular calcium homeostasis, and to verify if such process could be implicated in this synergism, the effects of calcium chloride were assayed, in this case the calcium-overload had no effects in the presence of a workable cellular control of intracellular calcium homeostasis. This finding support the hypothesis that ionized aluminum provided by lactate may be implicated in the inhibition of the buffering and extruding extracellular calcium system.
Dendryphiosphaera uniseptata anam. -sp. nov., distinguished by conidiophores profusely branched a... more Dendryphiosphaera uniseptata anam. -sp. nov., distinguished by conidiophores profusely branched at the apex and clavate to cuneate, 1-septate, pale brown conidia is described and illustrated. It was found on leaf litter in a rainforest in Cuba. Thirty-four conidial fungi recorded for the first time from Cuba are listed and some of them illustrated.
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Papers by Emilio Mayayo