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Emilio Fermin

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sandford bessler

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH

Can Tho University

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Carleton University

M. Whaiduzzaman

Islamic Azad Universty

Alexander A Kist

University of Southern Queensland

Gianluca Martiniello

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Papers by Emilio Fermin

Design and Implementation of an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Emulator Using Virtualization Techniques

Multimedia service provisioning in Packet-Switched networks is one of the most active research an... more Multimedia service provisioning in Packet-Switched networks is one of the most active research and standardization efforts nowadays, and constitutes the most likely evolution of current telecommunication networks. In this environment, the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) represents the service provisioning platform of choice for SIP-based content delivery in mobile and fixed environments. However, in spite of the advanced status of research and specification in this field, few IMS-based services have been defined or deployed, mainly due to the fact that production or experimental IMS platforms are scarcely available for service validation and testing. This paper addresses the design and implementation through virtualization techniques of an IMS testbed intended for the functional validation of services, presenting the involved technologies, the undertaken implementation strategy, and the experiences and tests carried out in the first stages of its development.

Cytokine levels in acute alcoholic hepatitis: a sequential study

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1995

Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with several immunological alterations: depressed T... more Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with several immunological alterations: depressed T-cell function, low serum gamma-interferon, and high serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin levels. Therefore, macrophage activity seems to be enhanced. Some cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, exert adverse effects on chronic alcoholic liver disease, so that protracted activation of macrophages with continuous TNF-alpha production may aggravate alcoholic hepatitis. Based on these facts we have sequentially determined serum levels of TNF-alpha, 1 beta interleukin (IL-1 beta), gamma-interferon and neopterin--a macrophage product--at admission, and at the end of the first, third and sixth weeks after admission, of 43 patients affected by alcoholic hepatitis, and of 20 age-matched sanitary workers as controls. Our patients showed higher levels of neopterin and lower levels of IL-1 beta and gamma-interferon than the controls; TNF-alpha levels in our patients were almost significantly higher than in controls. TNF-alpha levels at admission were higher in the patients who died (P = 0.025). TNF-alpha and neopterin levels showed no trend to normalization in patients who died, with higher levels of neopterin at first and third weeks and higher TNF-alpha and gamma-interferon levels at first week. Using logistic regression analysis, serum TNF-alpha levels at admission showed significant (P = 0.045), independent effects on mortality, as well as serum neopterin (P = 0.0026) at the first week. Thus, enhanced macrophage activity, measured by serum levels of TNF-alpha and neopterin seems to be related to a worse prognosis in alcoholic hepatitis.

Hepatic iron and zinc: Roles ethanol and malnutrition

Journal of Hepatology, 1991

Subjective Nutritional Assessment and Short-term Prognosis

Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 1991

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universid... more

Transient Hemolytic Anemia after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt

Hpb Surgery, 1996

Management of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension constitutes a challenging issue,... more Management of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension constitutes a challenging issue, particularly in child's C cirrhotic patients. Recently, transjugular placement of self-expanding metallic stents in the liver (TIPS), creating a shunt between the portal and hepatic branches has provided a safe and promising therapeutic approach in this clinical situation. We report here the case of a 66-year-old male cirrhotic patient who developed a moderately severe clinical picture of a Coombsnegative hemolytic anemia (serum hemoglobin, 93 g/l, serum bilirubin 160.74 umol/L (9.4 mg/dl), indirect 6.3 mg/dl (107.73 umol/L); serum LDH 1220 u/l, reticulocytes, 5.1%. serum ferritin, 1221 ug/1, schistocytes in peripheral blood smear) the week after undergoing a TIPS, suggesting the development ofa microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia secondary to red blood cell disruption by passing through the metallic network of the stent.

Haemoperitoneurn Secondary to Rupture of Retroperitoneal Variceal

Hpb Surgery, 1997

A 45-year-old alcoholic male patient presented with hypovolemic shock and intense anemia (Hemoglo... more A 45-year-old alcoholic male patient presented with hypovolemic shock and intense anemia (Hemoglobin 04.7 g/dl), and was operated on. A bleeding retroperitoneal varix located near the right colon was responsible for the clinical picture and was sutured. After operation the patient developed haemodynamic instability and pneumonia a situation which was reverted with intensive medical therapy. The patient is now doing well.

The role of the Spanish Committee of the International Association of Hydrogeologists in the management and protection of Spain's groundwater resources

Hydrogeology Journal, 1998

Spain is a relatively large European country (ca. 500,000 km2) with extensive semiarid areas in ... more Spain is a relatively large European country (ca. 500,000 km2) with extensive semiarid areas in which there exists a large number of good aquifers. In some areas, these aquifers are intensively developed and are the most important sources of fresh water. Nevertheless, groundwater development and protection has rarely been duly considered by the Spanish Water Administration, despite the pressure to remedy this situation by various groups of experts, some of them members of the Water Administration. The Spanish Committee of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) has been very active during the last decade in promoting activities to spread groundwater science, technology, and management in Spain and outside, mostly in Latin America, and in trying to orient water policy toward issues of groundwater. These activities include mainly the organization of technical and scientific meetings on current topics such as groundwater in the new Water Act, overexploitation, groundwater in water-resources planning, groundwater pollution, natural-recharge estimation and others. The impact of these activities on the recent water policy of Spain seems significant, and the experience gained may be applicable to other countries. L'Espagne est un pays européen assez étendu (500,000 km2 environ), où existent des zones semi-arides possédant de nombreux aquifères intéressants. Dans certaines régions, ces aquifères sont intensivement exploités et constituent les sources essentielles d'eau douce. Cependant, l'exploitation et la protection des eaux souterraines ont rarement été prises en compte de façon correcte par l'Administration Espagnole de l'Eau, malgré les pressions exercées pour remédier à la situation par différents groupes d'experts, dont certains sont membres de l'Administration de l'Eau. Le Comité Espagnol de l'Association Internationale des Hydrogéologues (AIH) a été particulièrement actif au cours de ces dix dernières années pour promouvoir des activités de diffusion des sciences, de la technologie et de la gestion de l'eau en Espagne et à l'étranger, surtout en Amérique latine, et pour tenter d'orienter la politique de l'eau à l'égard des eaux souterraines. Ces activités incluent principalement l'organisation de réunions techniques et scientifiques sur des sujets classiques tels que l'eau souterraine dans la nouvelle Loi sur l'Eau, la surexploitation, l'eau souterraine dans la gestion des ressources en eau, la pollution de l'eau souterraine, l'estimation des écoulements naturels, entre autres. Les retombées de ces activités sur la récente politique de l'eau en Espagne paraissent significatives et l'expérience acquise peut être appliquée à d'autres pays. España es un país relativamente grande (unos 500,000 km2) con áreas extensas en las que existe un elevado número de buenos acuíferos. En algunas zonas estos acuíferos son intensamente aprovechados y constituyen el recurso más importante de agua dulce. Sin embargo, el aprovechamiento y la protección de las aguas subterráneas pocas veces han sido debidamente considerados por la Administración hidráulica española, a pesar de la presión ejercida por distintos grupos y por algunos miembros responsables de la propia Administración hidráulica para corregir esta situación. Durante el último decenio el Comité Español de la Asociación Internacional de Hidrogeólogos (AIH) ha sido muy activo en promover reuniones para difundir la ciencia, la tecnología y la adecuada gestión del agua subterránea en España y en el extranjero, especialmente en Ibero-América. También ha intentado que los temas referentes al agua subterránea tuviesen la oportuna consideración en la política hidrológica general. Estas actividades han consistido principalmente en la organización de reuniones científicas y técnicas sobre temas actuales tales como el agua subterránea en la planificación hidrológica, contaminación del agua subterránea, estimación de la recarga natural y otros. El impacto de estas actividades en la reciente política hidráulica española parece significativo. La experiencia general puede ser aplicable a otros países.

Alcoholic hypogonadism: Hormonal response to clomiphene

Alcohol, 1995

MARTfNEZ-RIERA, A., F. SANTOLARIA-FERN,/~NDEZ, E. GONZ/i~LEZ REIMERS, A. MILENA, J. L. GOMEZ-SIRV... more

Implementing and Analysing an Effective Explicit Coscheduling Algorithm on a NOW

Networks of workstations (NOWs) have become important and cost-effective parallel platforms for s... more Networks of workstations (NOWs) have become important and cost-effective parallel platforms for scientific computations. In practice, a NOW system is heterogeneous and non-dedicated. These two unique factors make scheduling policies on multiprocessor/multicomputer systems unsuitable for NOWs, but the coscheduling principle is still an important basis for parallel process scheduling in these environments. The main idea of this technique is to schedule the set of tasks composing a parallel application at the same time, to increase their communication performance. In this article we present an explicit coscheduling algorithm implemented in a Linux NOW, of PVM distributed tasks, based on Real Time priority assignment. The main goal of the algorithm is to execute efficiently distributed applications without excessively damaging the response time of local tasks. Extensive performance analysis as well as studies of the parameters and overheads involved in the implementation demonstrated the applicability of the proposed algorithm.

Association of IL10 promoter polymorphisms with idiopathic achalasia

Human Immunology, 2011

Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology. A wealth of evidence su... more Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology. A wealth of evidence supports the concept that achalasia is an immune-mediated disease. According to this evidence, achalasia has been significantly associated with specific alleles of the human leukocyte antigen class II, PTPN22 and IL23R. Several studies have demonstrated association of the IL10 gene with different inflammatory disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the role of functional IL10 promoter polymorphisms in susceptibility to idiopathic achalasia. A case-control study was performed with the -1082, -819, and -592 IL10 promoter polymorphisms in 282 patients and 529 controls and in an independent replication set of 75 patients and 575 controls. The GCC haplotype of the IL10 promoter was reported to be associated with a lower risk of achalasia in the discovery sample (odds ratio [OR] ϭ 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] ϭ 0.64 -0.98, p ϭ 0.029). This association was validated in a replication set (OR ϭ 0.69, 95% CI ϭ 0.48 -1.00, p ϭ 0.04). In the combined analysis no heterogeneity was observed between the 2 sample sets and the GCC haplotype was significantly associated with the disease (OR MH ϭ 0.76, 95% CI ϭ 0.63-0.91, p ϭ 0.003). Our results provide the first evidence for an association between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and idiopathic achalasia, suggesting that the interleukin-10 cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. ᭧

Debate sobre o artigo de Elmo Rodrigues da Silva & Fermin Roland Schramm

Cadernos De Saude Publica, 1997

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on gonadal function and histology

Alcohol, 1994

Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered i... more Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered in alcoholics, although controversy exists regarding this matter. To analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and a low protein diet on bone copper and manganese, and their relationships with bone structure and metabolism, including trabecular bone mass (TBM), osteoid area (OA), osteocalcin (OCN), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) and vitamin D. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control rats received a 18% protein-containing diet; a second group, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; a third one, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet and a fourth, an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol. After sacrifice, TBM and OA were histomorphometrically assessed; bone and serum manganese and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum OCN, IGF-1, PTH, uHP and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. Ethanolfed rats showed decreased TBM and bone manganese. Significant relationships existed between bone manganese and TBM, serum IGF-1 and OCN. Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese, related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis. No alterations were found in bone copper.

Prognostic value of serum laminin chronic alcholic liver disease (CALD

Journal of Hepatology, 1991

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

Biological Trace Element Research, 1999

Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calci... more Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calcium, the bone alterations detected after treatment with strontium, and its potential value as a paleodietary indicator. The effects of ethanol on strontium and barium metabolism—another divalent cation which also accumulates in bone—is largely unknown. Based on this fact, we have determined bone content and fecal and urinary excretion of Ba and Sr in four groups of eight animals each pair-fed for 8 wk with (1) a nutritionally adequate diet, (2) a 36% (as energy) ethanol-containing isocaloric diet, (3) a 2% protein, isocaloric diet, and (4) a 36% ethanol, 2% protein isocaloric diet, following the Lieber-DeCarli model. Five additional rats were fed with the control dietad libitum. We have found that ethanol tends to decrease and a low protein diet to increase bone strontium content; the decrease in bone strontium in the ethanol-fed rats is accompanied by an increase in the absolute excretion of strontium in urine. Ethanol also decreases bone barium content, but the effect of ethanol on urinary barium excretion is opposite that of strontium, a decrease. Thus, we conclude that ethanol alters both barium and strontium metabolism and bone deposition.

Computerized Liver Imaging: Relationship with Quantitatively Estimated Histological Parameters in Liver Cirrhosis

Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 1988

In liver cirrhosis, increased splenic uptake of radiocolloid, causing the liver-to-spleen (L/S) r... more In liver cirrhosis, increased splenic uptake of radiocolloid, causing the liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio to decrease, is a characteristic finding, especially during advanced illness. Histologically, advanced liver cirrhosis shows progressive replacement of hepatic parenchyma by fibrous tracts, making it possible to quantify both image and histological parameters. On this basis, the authors performed this study in 39 alcoholic cirrhotic patients in order to determine the relationship between the L/S ratio and right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio (RL/LL) and the degree of fibrosis, fat droplet area, total fat amount, and hepatocyte area. The authors tested if it is possible to predict the degree of fibrosis on the basis of image features or on a combination of image and biochemical parameters, using multiple correlation studies. The degree of fibrosis correlates with the L/S ratio (r = -0.48). The degree of correlation improved using prothrombin, gamma globulin and L/S ratio (r = 0.656), but not enough to allow an accurate estimation of the degree of fibrosis on the basis of a combination of imaging and biochemical data. Neither RL/LL nor L/S ratios significantly correlated with fatty infiltration, fat droplet area, or hepatocyte enlargement. Thus, liver imaging is not useful in quantifying the main histological changes observed in alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on bone histology and mineral metabolism

Alcohol, 2000

Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered i... more Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered in alcoholics, although controversy exists regarding this matter. To analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and a low protein diet on bone copper and manganese, and their relationships with bone structure and metabolism, including trabecular bone mass (TBM), osteoid area (OA), osteocalcin (OCN), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) and vitamin D. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control rats received a 18% protein-containing diet; a second group, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; a third one, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet and a fourth, an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol. After sacrifice, TBM and OA were histomorphometrically assessed; bone and serum manganese and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum OCN, IGF-1, PTH, uHP and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. Ethanolfed rats showed decreased TBM and bone manganese. Significant relationships existed between bone manganese and TBM, serum IGF-1 and OCN. Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese, related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis. No alterations were found in bone copper.

Historia de la literatura americana y argentina", por Fermín Estrella Gutiérrez y Emilio Suárez Calimano

Revista Iberoamericana, 1941

Short-term Prognostic Value of Subjective Nutritional Assessment in General Medical Patients

Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 1994

... MD, EVA RODR~GUEZ-RODR~GUEZ MD, FERM~N RODR~GUEZ-MORENO MD, ANTONIO MART~NEZ-RIERA MD, MAR~A ... more

Development of an LC–DAD Method for Analysis of Dexketoprofen, Tramadol, and Haloperidol. Study of the Stability of Mixtures Used for Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Chromatographia, 2008

Dexketoprofen (D-KTP), tramadol (TMD), and haloperidol (HLP), two analgesic agents and an adjuvan... more Dexketoprofen (D-KTP), tramadol (TMD), and haloperidol (HLP), two analgesic agents and an adjuvant, respectively, were analysed simultaneously in 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose by use of a new, rapid LC–DAD method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with 50:50 (v/v) acetonitrile–sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.10; 0.1 M) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Ultraviolet diode-array detection was used. The absorbance of the eluate was monitored at 210 nm. The retention times of the three compounds were 2.0, 4.0, and 8.3 min for TMD, HLP, and D-KTP, respectively; the total run time was 9 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, and limits of quantification and detection. Calibration functions were established between 100.0 and 225.0 mg L−1 for D-KTF, between 200.0 and 450.0 mg L−1 for TMD, and between 2.0 and 4.5 mg L−1 for HLP. Recoveries were >98% with precision less than 2.2% for the three drugs prepared in both 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose. The method was successfully used to evaluate the chemical stability of this drug mixture at the usual concentration used in patient-controlled analgesia. Samples were prepared at 2.5 mg mL−1 D-KTF, 5.0 mg mL−1 TMD, and 0.05 mg mL−1 HLP in 0.9% NaCl and in 5% glucose. Stability was assumed if the loss was less than 10% of the initial concentration. Five different storage conditions were tested for 30 days and the drug mixture was stable under all these. Stability was independent of medium, 0.9% NaCl or 5% glucose. The best results were obtained for the drug mixture stored at 4 °C in darkness.

A 3GPP system architecture evolution virtualized experimentation infrastructure for mobility prototyping

The 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is a very attractive environment from the service pr... more The 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is a very attractive environment from the service provisioning perspective, thanks to the variety of access technologies and mobility features introduced. In such a diverse environment, experimentation infrastructures (i.e., testbeds) become a key instrument for telecom operators, since mobility solutions and service behavior in their presence need to be validated under the different possible configurations from early development stages. However, the complexity of 3GPP SAE scenarios hinders conventional testbeds from adhering to cost-effectiveness and business-oriented criteria, due to the high infrastructure and operational costs involved. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an experimentation infrastructure that, based on combining virtualization techniques with several of the available open source IMS and mobility toolkits, allows the easy creation and deployment of complex 3GPP SAE network emulation scenarios while minimizing the associated expenditures.

Design and Implementation of an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Emulator Using Virtualization Techniques

Multimedia service provisioning in Packet-Switched networks is one of the most active research an... more Multimedia service provisioning in Packet-Switched networks is one of the most active research and standardization efforts nowadays, and constitutes the most likely evolution of current telecommunication networks. In this environment, the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) represents the service provisioning platform of choice for SIP-based content delivery in mobile and fixed environments. However, in spite of the advanced status of research and specification in this field, few IMS-based services have been defined or deployed, mainly due to the fact that production or experimental IMS platforms are scarcely available for service validation and testing. This paper addresses the design and implementation through virtualization techniques of an IMS testbed intended for the functional validation of services, presenting the involved technologies, the undertaken implementation strategy, and the experiences and tests carried out in the first stages of its development.

Cytokine levels in acute alcoholic hepatitis: a sequential study

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1995

Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with several immunological alterations: depressed T... more Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with several immunological alterations: depressed T-cell function, low serum gamma-interferon, and high serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin levels. Therefore, macrophage activity seems to be enhanced. Some cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, exert adverse effects on chronic alcoholic liver disease, so that protracted activation of macrophages with continuous TNF-alpha production may aggravate alcoholic hepatitis. Based on these facts we have sequentially determined serum levels of TNF-alpha, 1 beta interleukin (IL-1 beta), gamma-interferon and neopterin--a macrophage product--at admission, and at the end of the first, third and sixth weeks after admission, of 43 patients affected by alcoholic hepatitis, and of 20 age-matched sanitary workers as controls. Our patients showed higher levels of neopterin and lower levels of IL-1 beta and gamma-interferon than the controls; TNF-alpha levels in our patients were almost significantly higher than in controls. TNF-alpha levels at admission were higher in the patients who died (P = 0.025). TNF-alpha and neopterin levels showed no trend to normalization in patients who died, with higher levels of neopterin at first and third weeks and higher TNF-alpha and gamma-interferon levels at first week. Using logistic regression analysis, serum TNF-alpha levels at admission showed significant (P = 0.045), independent effects on mortality, as well as serum neopterin (P = 0.0026) at the first week. Thus, enhanced macrophage activity, measured by serum levels of TNF-alpha and neopterin seems to be related to a worse prognosis in alcoholic hepatitis.

Hepatic iron and zinc: Roles ethanol and malnutrition

Journal of Hepatology, 1991

Subjective Nutritional Assessment and Short-term Prognosis

Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 1991

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universid... more

Transient Hemolytic Anemia after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt

Hpb Surgery, 1996

Management of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension constitutes a challenging issue,... more Management of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension constitutes a challenging issue, particularly in child's C cirrhotic patients. Recently, transjugular placement of self-expanding metallic stents in the liver (TIPS), creating a shunt between the portal and hepatic branches has provided a safe and promising therapeutic approach in this clinical situation. We report here the case of a 66-year-old male cirrhotic patient who developed a moderately severe clinical picture of a Coombsnegative hemolytic anemia (serum hemoglobin, 93 g/l, serum bilirubin 160.74 umol/L (9.4 mg/dl), indirect 6.3 mg/dl (107.73 umol/L); serum LDH 1220 u/l, reticulocytes, 5.1%. serum ferritin, 1221 ug/1, schistocytes in peripheral blood smear) the week after undergoing a TIPS, suggesting the development ofa microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia secondary to red blood cell disruption by passing through the metallic network of the stent.

Haemoperitoneurn Secondary to Rupture of Retroperitoneal Variceal

Hpb Surgery, 1997

A 45-year-old alcoholic male patient presented with hypovolemic shock and intense anemia (Hemoglo... more A 45-year-old alcoholic male patient presented with hypovolemic shock and intense anemia (Hemoglobin 04.7 g/dl), and was operated on. A bleeding retroperitoneal varix located near the right colon was responsible for the clinical picture and was sutured. After operation the patient developed haemodynamic instability and pneumonia a situation which was reverted with intensive medical therapy. The patient is now doing well.

The role of the Spanish Committee of the International Association of Hydrogeologists in the management and protection of Spain's groundwater resources

Hydrogeology Journal, 1998

Spain is a relatively large European country (ca. 500,000 km2) with extensive semiarid areas in ... more Spain is a relatively large European country (ca. 500,000 km2) with extensive semiarid areas in which there exists a large number of good aquifers. In some areas, these aquifers are intensively developed and are the most important sources of fresh water. Nevertheless, groundwater development and protection has rarely been duly considered by the Spanish Water Administration, despite the pressure to remedy this situation by various groups of experts, some of them members of the Water Administration. The Spanish Committee of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) has been very active during the last decade in promoting activities to spread groundwater science, technology, and management in Spain and outside, mostly in Latin America, and in trying to orient water policy toward issues of groundwater. These activities include mainly the organization of technical and scientific meetings on current topics such as groundwater in the new Water Act, overexploitation, groundwater in water-resources planning, groundwater pollution, natural-recharge estimation and others. The impact of these activities on the recent water policy of Spain seems significant, and the experience gained may be applicable to other countries. L'Espagne est un pays européen assez étendu (500,000 km2 environ), où existent des zones semi-arides possédant de nombreux aquifères intéressants. Dans certaines régions, ces aquifères sont intensivement exploités et constituent les sources essentielles d'eau douce. Cependant, l'exploitation et la protection des eaux souterraines ont rarement été prises en compte de façon correcte par l'Administration Espagnole de l'Eau, malgré les pressions exercées pour remédier à la situation par différents groupes d'experts, dont certains sont membres de l'Administration de l'Eau. Le Comité Espagnol de l'Association Internationale des Hydrogéologues (AIH) a été particulièrement actif au cours de ces dix dernières années pour promouvoir des activités de diffusion des sciences, de la technologie et de la gestion de l'eau en Espagne et à l'étranger, surtout en Amérique latine, et pour tenter d'orienter la politique de l'eau à l'égard des eaux souterraines. Ces activités incluent principalement l'organisation de réunions techniques et scientifiques sur des sujets classiques tels que l'eau souterraine dans la nouvelle Loi sur l'Eau, la surexploitation, l'eau souterraine dans la gestion des ressources en eau, la pollution de l'eau souterraine, l'estimation des écoulements naturels, entre autres. Les retombées de ces activités sur la récente politique de l'eau en Espagne paraissent significatives et l'expérience acquise peut être appliquée à d'autres pays. España es un país relativamente grande (unos 500,000 km2) con áreas extensas en las que existe un elevado número de buenos acuíferos. En algunas zonas estos acuíferos son intensamente aprovechados y constituyen el recurso más importante de agua dulce. Sin embargo, el aprovechamiento y la protección de las aguas subterráneas pocas veces han sido debidamente considerados por la Administración hidráulica española, a pesar de la presión ejercida por distintos grupos y por algunos miembros responsables de la propia Administración hidráulica para corregir esta situación. Durante el último decenio el Comité Español de la Asociación Internacional de Hidrogeólogos (AIH) ha sido muy activo en promover reuniones para difundir la ciencia, la tecnología y la adecuada gestión del agua subterránea en España y en el extranjero, especialmente en Ibero-América. También ha intentado que los temas referentes al agua subterránea tuviesen la oportuna consideración en la política hidrológica general. Estas actividades han consistido principalmente en la organización de reuniones científicas y técnicas sobre temas actuales tales como el agua subterránea en la planificación hidrológica, contaminación del agua subterránea, estimación de la recarga natural y otros. El impacto de estas actividades en la reciente política hidráulica española parece significativo. La experiencia general puede ser aplicable a otros países.

Alcoholic hypogonadism: Hormonal response to clomiphene

Alcohol, 1995

MARTfNEZ-RIERA, A., F. SANTOLARIA-FERN,/~NDEZ, E. GONZ/i~LEZ REIMERS, A. MILENA, J. L. GOMEZ-SIRV... more

Implementing and Analysing an Effective Explicit Coscheduling Algorithm on a NOW

Networks of workstations (NOWs) have become important and cost-effective parallel platforms for s... more Networks of workstations (NOWs) have become important and cost-effective parallel platforms for scientific computations. In practice, a NOW system is heterogeneous and non-dedicated. These two unique factors make scheduling policies on multiprocessor/multicomputer systems unsuitable for NOWs, but the coscheduling principle is still an important basis for parallel process scheduling in these environments. The main idea of this technique is to schedule the set of tasks composing a parallel application at the same time, to increase their communication performance. In this article we present an explicit coscheduling algorithm implemented in a Linux NOW, of PVM distributed tasks, based on Real Time priority assignment. The main goal of the algorithm is to execute efficiently distributed applications without excessively damaging the response time of local tasks. Extensive performance analysis as well as studies of the parameters and overheads involved in the implementation demonstrated the applicability of the proposed algorithm.

Association of IL10 promoter polymorphisms with idiopathic achalasia

Human Immunology, 2011

Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology. A wealth of evidence su... more Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology. A wealth of evidence supports the concept that achalasia is an immune-mediated disease. According to this evidence, achalasia has been significantly associated with specific alleles of the human leukocyte antigen class II, PTPN22 and IL23R. Several studies have demonstrated association of the IL10 gene with different inflammatory disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the role of functional IL10 promoter polymorphisms in susceptibility to idiopathic achalasia. A case-control study was performed with the -1082, -819, and -592 IL10 promoter polymorphisms in 282 patients and 529 controls and in an independent replication set of 75 patients and 575 controls. The GCC haplotype of the IL10 promoter was reported to be associated with a lower risk of achalasia in the discovery sample (odds ratio [OR] ϭ 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] ϭ 0.64 -0.98, p ϭ 0.029). This association was validated in a replication set (OR ϭ 0.69, 95% CI ϭ 0.48 -1.00, p ϭ 0.04). In the combined analysis no heterogeneity was observed between the 2 sample sets and the GCC haplotype was significantly associated with the disease (OR MH ϭ 0.76, 95% CI ϭ 0.63-0.91, p ϭ 0.003). Our results provide the first evidence for an association between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and idiopathic achalasia, suggesting that the interleukin-10 cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. ᭧

Debate sobre o artigo de Elmo Rodrigues da Silva & Fermin Roland Schramm

Cadernos De Saude Publica, 1997

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on gonadal function and histology

Alcohol, 1994

Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered i... more Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered in alcoholics, although controversy exists regarding this matter. To analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and a low protein diet on bone copper and manganese, and their relationships with bone structure and metabolism, including trabecular bone mass (TBM), osteoid area (OA), osteocalcin (OCN), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) and vitamin D. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control rats received a 18% protein-containing diet; a second group, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; a third one, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet and a fourth, an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol. After sacrifice, TBM and OA were histomorphometrically assessed; bone and serum manganese and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum OCN, IGF-1, PTH, uHP and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. Ethanolfed rats showed decreased TBM and bone manganese. Significant relationships existed between bone manganese and TBM, serum IGF-1 and OCN. Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese, related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis. No alterations were found in bone copper.

Prognostic value of serum laminin chronic alcholic liver disease (CALD

Journal of Hepatology, 1991

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

Biological Trace Element Research, 1999

Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calci... more Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calcium, the bone alterations detected after treatment with strontium, and its potential value as a paleodietary indicator. The effects of ethanol on strontium and barium metabolism—another divalent cation which also accumulates in bone—is largely unknown. Based on this fact, we have determined bone content and fecal and urinary excretion of Ba and Sr in four groups of eight animals each pair-fed for 8 wk with (1) a nutritionally adequate diet, (2) a 36% (as energy) ethanol-containing isocaloric diet, (3) a 2% protein, isocaloric diet, and (4) a 36% ethanol, 2% protein isocaloric diet, following the Lieber-DeCarli model. Five additional rats were fed with the control dietad libitum. We have found that ethanol tends to decrease and a low protein diet to increase bone strontium content; the decrease in bone strontium in the ethanol-fed rats is accompanied by an increase in the absolute excretion of strontium in urine. Ethanol also decreases bone barium content, but the effect of ethanol on urinary barium excretion is opposite that of strontium, a decrease. Thus, we conclude that ethanol alters both barium and strontium metabolism and bone deposition.

Computerized Liver Imaging: Relationship with Quantitatively Estimated Histological Parameters in Liver Cirrhosis

Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 1988

In liver cirrhosis, increased splenic uptake of radiocolloid, causing the liver-to-spleen (L/S) r... more In liver cirrhosis, increased splenic uptake of radiocolloid, causing the liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio to decrease, is a characteristic finding, especially during advanced illness. Histologically, advanced liver cirrhosis shows progressive replacement of hepatic parenchyma by fibrous tracts, making it possible to quantify both image and histological parameters. On this basis, the authors performed this study in 39 alcoholic cirrhotic patients in order to determine the relationship between the L/S ratio and right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio (RL/LL) and the degree of fibrosis, fat droplet area, total fat amount, and hepatocyte area. The authors tested if it is possible to predict the degree of fibrosis on the basis of image features or on a combination of image and biochemical parameters, using multiple correlation studies. The degree of fibrosis correlates with the L/S ratio (r = -0.48). The degree of correlation improved using prothrombin, gamma globulin and L/S ratio (r = 0.656), but not enough to allow an accurate estimation of the degree of fibrosis on the basis of a combination of imaging and biochemical data. Neither RL/LL nor L/S ratios significantly correlated with fatty infiltration, fat droplet area, or hepatocyte enlargement. Thus, liver imaging is not useful in quantifying the main histological changes observed in alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on bone histology and mineral metabolism

Alcohol, 2000

Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered i... more Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered in alcoholics, although controversy exists regarding this matter. To analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and a low protein diet on bone copper and manganese, and their relationships with bone structure and metabolism, including trabecular bone mass (TBM), osteoid area (OA), osteocalcin (OCN), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) and vitamin D. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control rats received a 18% protein-containing diet; a second group, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; a third one, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet and a fourth, an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol. After sacrifice, TBM and OA were histomorphometrically assessed; bone and serum manganese and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum OCN, IGF-1, PTH, uHP and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. Ethanolfed rats showed decreased TBM and bone manganese. Significant relationships existed between bone manganese and TBM, serum IGF-1 and OCN. Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese, related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis. No alterations were found in bone copper.

Historia de la literatura americana y argentina", por Fermín Estrella Gutiérrez y Emilio Suárez Calimano

Revista Iberoamericana, 1941

Short-term Prognostic Value of Subjective Nutritional Assessment in General Medical Patients

Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 1994

... MD, EVA RODR~GUEZ-RODR~GUEZ MD, FERM~N RODR~GUEZ-MORENO MD, ANTONIO MART~NEZ-RIERA MD, MAR~A ... more

Development of an LC–DAD Method for Analysis of Dexketoprofen, Tramadol, and Haloperidol. Study of the Stability of Mixtures Used for Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Chromatographia, 2008

Dexketoprofen (D-KTP), tramadol (TMD), and haloperidol (HLP), two analgesic agents and an adjuvan... more Dexketoprofen (D-KTP), tramadol (TMD), and haloperidol (HLP), two analgesic agents and an adjuvant, respectively, were analysed simultaneously in 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose by use of a new, rapid LC–DAD method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with 50:50 (v/v) acetonitrile–sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.10; 0.1 M) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Ultraviolet diode-array detection was used. The absorbance of the eluate was monitored at 210 nm. The retention times of the three compounds were 2.0, 4.0, and 8.3 min for TMD, HLP, and D-KTP, respectively; the total run time was 9 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, and limits of quantification and detection. Calibration functions were established between 100.0 and 225.0 mg L−1 for D-KTF, between 200.0 and 450.0 mg L−1 for TMD, and between 2.0 and 4.5 mg L−1 for HLP. Recoveries were >98% with precision less than 2.2% for the three drugs prepared in both 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose. The method was successfully used to evaluate the chemical stability of this drug mixture at the usual concentration used in patient-controlled analgesia. Samples were prepared at 2.5 mg mL−1 D-KTF, 5.0 mg mL−1 TMD, and 0.05 mg mL−1 HLP in 0.9% NaCl and in 5% glucose. Stability was assumed if the loss was less than 10% of the initial concentration. Five different storage conditions were tested for 30 days and the drug mixture was stable under all these. Stability was independent of medium, 0.9% NaCl or 5% glucose. The best results were obtained for the drug mixture stored at 4 °C in darkness.

A 3GPP system architecture evolution virtualized experimentation infrastructure for mobility prototyping

The 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is a very attractive environment from the service pr... more The 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is a very attractive environment from the service provisioning perspective, thanks to the variety of access technologies and mobility features introduced. In such a diverse environment, experimentation infrastructures (i.e., testbeds) become a key instrument for telecom operators, since mobility solutions and service behavior in their presence need to be validated under the different possible configurations from early development stages. However, the complexity of 3GPP SAE scenarios hinders conventional testbeds from adhering to cost-effectiveness and business-oriented criteria, due to the high infrastructure and operational costs involved. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an experimentation infrastructure that, based on combining virtualization techniques with several of the available open source IMS and mobility toolkits, allows the easy creation and deployment of complex 3GPP SAE network emulation scenarios while minimizing the associated expenditures.