In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People's Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history. Sommario 1 Introduzione.-2 Le prime proteste e l'impatto sulla classe dirigente.-3 Organizzazione del movimento.
Il sistema basato sulla dottrina politica nazionalsocialista non nacque accompagnato né da una ba... more Il sistema basato sulla dottrina politica nazionalsocialista non nacque accompagnato né da una base culturale giuridica propria, né con il presupposto di “appoggiarsi” allo Stato per poter riorganizzare la vita sociale ed economica tedesca. In effetti, furono i numerosi giuristi nazionalsocialisti ad elaborare una sorta di “struttura delle fonti giuridiche” che costituisse una riserva di strumenti giuridici da utilizzare per raggiungere un punto di “fusione” tra impianto istituzionale e dottrina politica di indirizzo.Gli effetti distorsivi che il nuovo “Diritto Nazionalsocialista” ebbe nella gestione dei territori, specie in quelli occupati durante la guerra, si manifestarono con maggiore intensità sul territorio polacco, o meglio su quella porzione di territorio rinominato Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete; sia negli alti livelli della Zivilverwaltung, sia nell’amministrazione dei distretti locali (Kreise), i personalismi dei funzionari si manifestarono con ...
Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the i... more Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. Firstly, the possible consequences that the so-called “Holocaust law” can bring to historical research; Furthermore, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on the social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today’s Poland and of the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis not annexed, but transformed into a very peculiar territorial entity.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti di Lettere, 2019
At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control... more At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control of their portion of territory, according to the German-Soviet agrements of August-September 1939, giving it a juridical, institutional and socialeconomic structure subject to the Reich, with specific functions and aims, as the reorganization of the administrative system through the institution of the General Government of Poland. Nevertheless, every historiographical reflection cannot be separated from the survey of Governor Hans Frank’s role. His position was in fact relevant owing to his cultural and professional education, his loyalty to Hitler, his personal uncertainties, his role of First Reich’s Jurist and private Hitler’s lawyer, before becoming Governor of Poland. The need of a management of Poland with SS caused frictions and jurisdiction conflicts, both at the political-institutional and on a personal level with some of the main responsible officials on behalf of Heinrich Himm...
In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People’s Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history.
Il Politico - Rivista italiana di Scienze Politiche, 2014
The aim of this paper is to examine some kinds of propaganda that existed in the German Reich and... more The aim of this paper is to examine some kinds of propaganda that existed in the German Reich and in the General Government of Poland between the mid-1930s and the end of the war, with particular attention to the organizational and “institutional” aspects of the systems of mass conditioning. The content of the article stems from a work that I carried out in 2012 as part of a research seminar at the Universität Konstanz. The eminent historians who inspired me to develop my research on the systems of Nazi propaganda, including Lucjan Dobroszycki, Robert Szymczak and Czeslaw Milosz, have made a fundamental contribution to the study of the General Government of Poland, from which the meagre Italian literature available on the subject would also benefit. The study of the causes that led to different propaganda policies (racial issues, the events of the war, the personal ambition for power of some state bureaucrats and party members) and their consequences for the “New Polish State”, as much as for the German homeland, is of great interest.
In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People’s Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti Lettere, 2019
The relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships in 2018, with the controversy over the i... more The relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships in 2018, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. First, the possible consequences that the so-called "Holocaust Law" can bring to historical research; in addition, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on a social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today's Poland and the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis and not annexed, but transformed into a very particular territorial entity.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti Lettere, 2015
On October 26, 1939 becomes effective the decree establishing the General Government of Poland, w... more On October 26, 1939 becomes effective the decree establishing the General Government of Poland, whose leadership was placed in the role of Governor Hans Frank. The German jurist had as his aim, in a distorted vision of utopia of law, the transformation of this peculiar administrative entity into a model to be applied in any territory subjected to National Socialist occupation.
The recent 'Holocaust law' passed in Poland highlights interesting aspects both of international ... more The recent 'Holocaust law' passed in Poland highlights interesting aspects both of international relations and from the point of view of historical research. In particular, it demonstrates the tragic complexity of the collaborationist phenomenon during the Second World War and the need for a free debate on the subject.
On 1 August 1941, the Germans annexed the so-called Distrikt Galizien to the General Government o... more On 1 August 1941, the Germans annexed the so-called Distrikt Galizien to the General Government of Poland, while the eastern part of Galicia was incorporated into the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The Ukrainian population, who, recalling the past events of the Great War, favorably welcomed the arrival of the Wehrmacht, quickly realized what the German occupation would actually represent for the entire region.
In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People's Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history. Sommario 1 Introduzione.-2 Le prime proteste e l'impatto sulla classe dirigente.-3 Organizzazione del movimento.
Il sistema basato sulla dottrina politica nazionalsocialista non nacque accompagnato né da una ba... more Il sistema basato sulla dottrina politica nazionalsocialista non nacque accompagnato né da una base culturale giuridica propria, né con il presupposto di “appoggiarsi” allo Stato per poter riorganizzare la vita sociale ed economica tedesca. In effetti, furono i numerosi giuristi nazionalsocialisti ad elaborare una sorta di “struttura delle fonti giuridiche” che costituisse una riserva di strumenti giuridici da utilizzare per raggiungere un punto di “fusione” tra impianto istituzionale e dottrina politica di indirizzo.Gli effetti distorsivi che il nuovo “Diritto Nazionalsocialista” ebbe nella gestione dei territori, specie in quelli occupati durante la guerra, si manifestarono con maggiore intensità sul territorio polacco, o meglio su quella porzione di territorio rinominato Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete; sia negli alti livelli della Zivilverwaltung, sia nell’amministrazione dei distretti locali (Kreise), i personalismi dei funzionari si manifestarono con ...
Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the i... more Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. Firstly, the possible consequences that the so-called “Holocaust law” can bring to historical research; Furthermore, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on the social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today’s Poland and of the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis not annexed, but transformed into a very peculiar territorial entity.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti di Lettere, 2019
At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control... more At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control of their portion of territory, according to the German-Soviet agrements of August-September 1939, giving it a juridical, institutional and socialeconomic structure subject to the Reich, with specific functions and aims, as the reorganization of the administrative system through the institution of the General Government of Poland. Nevertheless, every historiographical reflection cannot be separated from the survey of Governor Hans Frank’s role. His position was in fact relevant owing to his cultural and professional education, his loyalty to Hitler, his personal uncertainties, his role of First Reich’s Jurist and private Hitler’s lawyer, before becoming Governor of Poland. The need of a management of Poland with SS caused frictions and jurisdiction conflicts, both at the political-institutional and on a personal level with some of the main responsible officials on behalf of Heinrich Himm...
In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People’s Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history.
Il Politico - Rivista italiana di Scienze Politiche, 2014
The aim of this paper is to examine some kinds of propaganda that existed in the German Reich and... more The aim of this paper is to examine some kinds of propaganda that existed in the German Reich and in the General Government of Poland between the mid-1930s and the end of the war, with particular attention to the organizational and “institutional” aspects of the systems of mass conditioning. The content of the article stems from a work that I carried out in 2012 as part of a research seminar at the Universität Konstanz. The eminent historians who inspired me to develop my research on the systems of Nazi propaganda, including Lucjan Dobroszycki, Robert Szymczak and Czeslaw Milosz, have made a fundamental contribution to the study of the General Government of Poland, from which the meagre Italian literature available on the subject would also benefit. The study of the causes that led to different propaganda policies (racial issues, the events of the war, the personal ambition for power of some state bureaucrats and party members) and their consequences for the “New Polish State”, as much as for the German homeland, is of great interest.
In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the l... more In the wake of the structural crisis that hit the European countries of the Soviet Block in the last months of 1989, also the Mongolian communist institutions knew the strong opposition of a part of the population against the state and political system represented by the People’s Republic of Mongolia, born in 1924 under the influence of the Bolshevik revolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the opposition movements to the regime, the actions implemented by the reformers and the government reactions in a tense political context that did not result in bloody repressions, but gave rise to a process of gradual political, economic and institutional change, which marked a decade of Mongolian history.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti Lettere, 2019
The relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships in 2018, with the controversy over the i... more The relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships in 2018, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. First, the possible consequences that the so-called "Holocaust Law" can bring to historical research; in addition, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on a social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today's Poland and the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis and not annexed, but transformed into a very particular territorial entity.
Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti Lettere, 2015
On October 26, 1939 becomes effective the decree establishing the General Government of Poland, w... more On October 26, 1939 becomes effective the decree establishing the General Government of Poland, whose leadership was placed in the role of Governor Hans Frank. The German jurist had as his aim, in a distorted vision of utopia of law, the transformation of this peculiar administrative entity into a model to be applied in any territory subjected to National Socialist occupation.
The recent 'Holocaust law' passed in Poland highlights interesting aspects both of international ... more The recent 'Holocaust law' passed in Poland highlights interesting aspects both of international relations and from the point of view of historical research. In particular, it demonstrates the tragic complexity of the collaborationist phenomenon during the Second World War and the need for a free debate on the subject.
On 1 August 1941, the Germans annexed the so-called Distrikt Galizien to the General Government o... more On 1 August 1941, the Germans annexed the so-called Distrikt Galizien to the General Government of Poland, while the eastern part of Galicia was incorporated into the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The Ukrainian population, who, recalling the past events of the Great War, favorably welcomed the arrival of the Wehrmacht, quickly realized what the German occupation would actually represent for the entire region.
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Papers by Emiliano Vitti