The paper purports to present a method that allows to obtain and analyze letters written by older... more The paper purports to present a method that allows to obtain and analyze letters written by older adults to their real or imaginary grandchildren. This enables an insight into their individual life experience. The study used a narrative paradigm. Letter texts were obtained from 128 older adults from Poland, both male and female. Data was analyzed with mixed methods combining qualitative content analysis (using inductive analytical categories described in originally created Coder Completion Sheet) with frequency count. The analysis allowed a systematic description of content (themes in wisdom legacy) and the differentiation of two major formal patterns in the letters: (1) the narrative mode (storytelling); (2) the argumentative mode (legacy without narrative examples: advice, warnings, and wishes). The outcomes demonstrate the letter technique may be recommended for future research in psychology, narrative gerontology and for used in applied psychology also.
European Journal of Psychology of Education, Sep 1, 1989
The article presents one of ways, in which educational psychology in Poland has been practiced It... more The article presents one of ways, in which educational psychology in Poland has been practiced It may be called a socio-cognitive approach. The basic concepts of this approach concern the process of interaction between educators and their children. They are: the situation, the hi-subject model, the field of shared meanings, the act of communication, levels of control, expectations, complementary roles, the typisation of persons and situations, behavioural patterns. Then, this theoretical model is ilustrated by the recent researches made in the Warsaw University. The general question of them was: how to educate to promote the development of agency in students. At the last part of the paper some directions of current researches are also presented.
Bo gdzie są dwaj albo trzej zebrani w imię moje, tam i ja jestem (Mt 18, 20). Postęp technologicz... more Bo gdzie są dwaj albo trzej zebrani w imię moje, tam i ja jestem (Mt 18, 20). Postęp technologiczny w dziedzinie środków komunikacji społecznej -nieuchronny i pożądany, jest współcześnie na tyle znaczący, że prowokuje do stawiania pytań o jego ewentualne niekorzystne następstwa. Zalewowi informacji, który sprawia, że stajemy się "globalną wioską", towarzyszą bowiem zjawiska budzące niepokój: stres informacyjny -utrata zdolności do selektywnego odbioru treści, uniformizacja poglądów 1 Profesor doktor habilitowany, pracownik naukowy Wydziału Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Prowadzi badania nad procesem wychowawczym, badania w nurcie psychologii narracyjnej z wykorzystaniem autorskiej metody semantycznej analizy tekstu. Najważniejsze publikacje: Wrastanie w kulturę. Transmisja narracji w wychowaniu rodzinnym (2013), Interakcja wychowawcza (2001). Posiada doświadczenie praktyczne w zakresie grupowych i indywidualnych oddziaływań skierowanych do dzieci, młodzieży, rodzin i nauczycieli, a także w pracy środowiskowej z rodzinami niewydolnymi wychowawczo (dryll@psych. uw.edu.pl).
The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we wspó... more The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we współczesnej szkole [The role and tasks of the psychologist in a contemporary school] by Wolters Kluwer. The current edition has been updated and expanded.
The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we wspó... more The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we współczesnej szkole [The role and tasks of the psychologist in a contemporary school] by Wolters Kluwer. The current edition has been updated and expanded.
Background. The original method of gradual adaptation (GAM) presented here was meant to influence... more Background. The original method of gradual adaptation (GAM) presented here was meant to influence the mother-child dyad. In social situations involving the little child (such as being seen by a doctor), direct contact with each person of the dyad takes place at a different level (it, so to speak, splits). A diagnostic process and medical procedures directly concern the child, whereas everything related to understanding the appointment situation is directed to the mother. Due to this split, some space for the mother-child emotional exchange is made between the child's conscious level of comprehension and his/her readiness to undergo some medical procedures. Objectives. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the own gradual adaptation method as used for under three years old children, where particular attention was paid to the effect it had on their mothers' attitude and behaviour. Material and Methods. The study, where three successive dental visits were videoed and then analysed by psychologists, involved 33 mother-child dyads. The mothers' level of anxiety (DAS scale), their apprehension about their children (original scale) as well as their confidence in the dentist were measured as the indexes of the attitude towards dental treatment. Results. The statistically significant increase in the children's co-operative and their mothers' neutral attitude was observed. The occurrence of some important behavioural changes was also revealed by the comparison of the mothers' anxiety, their apprehension about their children and their confidence in the dentist before and after the adaptation programme. The research results provided the evidence in support of the efficiency of the evaluated method. The mother is included in a diagnostic process, deepens her knowledge. More understanding makes her a therapist's partner. This is how the results of therapeutic activity get a chance to consolidate (Dent. Med. Probl. 2009, 46, 2, 219-228).
An undeniable fact in psychology is the statement that the individual fate of an individual is in... more An undeniable fact in psychology is the statement that the individual fate of an individual is influenced by family influences, but these depend to a large extent on the location of the family in the social structure and, more broadly, in a specific civilization context. Cross-cultural psychology provides a lot of information in this regard, although it seems to be far from the final conclusions. The presented text provides an overview of important theoretical approaches and research relating to contemporary cross-cultural differences in the sphere of family life. In the first subsection, they deal with general approaches and system structure. The second presents data on research related to the concept of parental ethonotheroia of child rearing. The third section is devoted to tracking the specificity of Polish families against the background of the modern world – international research, taking into account the Polish sample, and the comparison of the results of Polish and American ...
Background. The method of adaptation of up to three year old children to dental treatment is aime... more Background. The method of adaptation of up to three year old children to dental treatment is aimed at creating the conditions which are favourable to shaping their positive attitude to the medical procedures to which they are subjected. The programme participants were mothers and their children. While working with the mother-child dyad the dentist ties to locate them in such a manner that he is able to control the transfer of emotions in order to reinforce the flow of concern and reduce the flow of anxiety. Objectives. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this method and, in particular, distinguish the factors which make it possible to forecast desirable behaviour. Material and Methods. The study involved 33 mother-child dyads. The successive dental visits were videoed and analysed by psychologists with regard to the changes in each pair's behaviour. The components of the mothers' attitude such as their level of dental fear, apprehension of their children as well as their confidence in the dentist were measured and a number of demographic and medical variables were controlled. The application of regression analysis allowed to isolate the determiners of the patient's co-operative behaviour during his/her first, second and last dental appointment. Results. The analysis revealed those moments of the successive visits which had the most important effect on the quality of the children patients' co-operation throughout all the visits. As a result, in the light of the obtained findings, the method proved to be efficient and the change in the mothers' attitude guaranteed its durability. Conclusions. The programme of adaptation to dental treatment efficiently prepares children for developing their favourable attitude to it. The durability of the effects it provides is secured by the change in their mothers' attitude (Dent. Med. Probl. 2009, 46, 1, 25-31).
The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the... more The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the people in late adulthood to the younger generation. The participants were asked to write a short “Letter to a grandchild”. The letters written by 119 participants aged over 60 years old were analyzed qualititavely in terms of content and form, using categories from previous studies (Dryll, Tokarska, Cierpka, 2016). In order to assess temporal perspective the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) by Philip G. Zimbardo and John Boyd was used (adaptation by Aneta Przepiórka, Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska and Tomasz Jankowski, 2016). A number of dependencies between transmission characteristics and temporal perspective scales was observed. The results follow a characteristic pattern where instead of the focus on timing (past, present, and future), an attitude (positive or negative) seems to be more important. The results do not support the concept of a balanced temporal perspective, which can be explained by cultural differences as well as developmental characteristics of the participants.
the aim of the article is to present the concept and research on the development of autobiographi... more the aim of the article is to present the concept and research on the development of autobiographical narrative in the course of a person's life. reference was made to basic concepts important for the analysis of the topic: the definition of narrative, constructionist assumptions, understanding the process of creating self-narrative and the definition of autobiographical narrative. the considerations also include the issue of autobiographical memory and the discussion on understanding autobiographical narrative as monolithic vs. polyphonic. the following subchapters discuss the predispositions and development of early narrative competences, the beginnings of constructing an autobiographical narrative, the mechanisms of shaping and changing the autobiographical narrative in adulthood, including the characteristic features of self-narratives in late adulthood. the review of research presented in the article documents the mechanisms of shaping the autobiographical narrative, the directions of its changes in the life course and selected relationships important for understanding the process of these changes (e.g. the issue of increasing the ability to reflect biographically with age, fulfilling the need for generativity, the effect of intentionally minimizing unpleasant feelings in senior age, the concept of gerotranscendence, etc.). the article ends with reflections on the importance of constructing an autobiographical narrative in the modern world, the availability of autobiographical reflection and its meaning-creating value.
The paper purports to present a method that allows to obtain and analyze letters written by older... more The paper purports to present a method that allows to obtain and analyze letters written by older adults to their real or imaginary grandchildren. This enables an insight into their individual life experience. The study used a narrative paradigm. Letter texts were obtained from 128 older adults from Poland, both male and female. Data was analyzed with mixed methods combining qualitative content analysis (using inductive analytical categories described in originally created Coder Completion Sheet) with frequency count. The analysis allowed a systematic description of content (themes in wisdom legacy) and the differentiation of two major formal patterns in the letters: (1) the narrative mode (storytelling); (2) the argumentative mode (legacy without narrative examples: advice, warnings, and wishes). The outcomes demonstrate the letter technique may be recommended for future research in psychology, narrative gerontology and for used in applied psychology also.
European Journal of Psychology of Education, Sep 1, 1989
The article presents one of ways, in which educational psychology in Poland has been practiced It... more The article presents one of ways, in which educational psychology in Poland has been practiced It may be called a socio-cognitive approach. The basic concepts of this approach concern the process of interaction between educators and their children. They are: the situation, the hi-subject model, the field of shared meanings, the act of communication, levels of control, expectations, complementary roles, the typisation of persons and situations, behavioural patterns. Then, this theoretical model is ilustrated by the recent researches made in the Warsaw University. The general question of them was: how to educate to promote the development of agency in students. At the last part of the paper some directions of current researches are also presented.
Bo gdzie są dwaj albo trzej zebrani w imię moje, tam i ja jestem (Mt 18, 20). Postęp technologicz... more Bo gdzie są dwaj albo trzej zebrani w imię moje, tam i ja jestem (Mt 18, 20). Postęp technologiczny w dziedzinie środków komunikacji społecznej -nieuchronny i pożądany, jest współcześnie na tyle znaczący, że prowokuje do stawiania pytań o jego ewentualne niekorzystne następstwa. Zalewowi informacji, który sprawia, że stajemy się "globalną wioską", towarzyszą bowiem zjawiska budzące niepokój: stres informacyjny -utrata zdolności do selektywnego odbioru treści, uniformizacja poglądów 1 Profesor doktor habilitowany, pracownik naukowy Wydziału Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Prowadzi badania nad procesem wychowawczym, badania w nurcie psychologii narracyjnej z wykorzystaniem autorskiej metody semantycznej analizy tekstu. Najważniejsze publikacje: Wrastanie w kulturę. Transmisja narracji w wychowaniu rodzinnym (2013), Interakcja wychowawcza (2001). Posiada doświadczenie praktyczne w zakresie grupowych i indywidualnych oddziaływań skierowanych do dzieci, młodzieży, rodzin i nauczycieli, a także w pracy środowiskowej z rodzinami niewydolnymi wychowawczo (dryll@psych. uw.edu.pl).
The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we wspó... more The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we współczesnej szkole [The role and tasks of the psychologist in a contemporary school] by Wolters Kluwer. The current edition has been updated and expanded.
The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we wspó... more The book was fi rst published in Polish in 2010 under the title Rola i zadania psychologa we współczesnej szkole [The role and tasks of the psychologist in a contemporary school] by Wolters Kluwer. The current edition has been updated and expanded.
Background. The original method of gradual adaptation (GAM) presented here was meant to influence... more Background. The original method of gradual adaptation (GAM) presented here was meant to influence the mother-child dyad. In social situations involving the little child (such as being seen by a doctor), direct contact with each person of the dyad takes place at a different level (it, so to speak, splits). A diagnostic process and medical procedures directly concern the child, whereas everything related to understanding the appointment situation is directed to the mother. Due to this split, some space for the mother-child emotional exchange is made between the child's conscious level of comprehension and his/her readiness to undergo some medical procedures. Objectives. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the own gradual adaptation method as used for under three years old children, where particular attention was paid to the effect it had on their mothers' attitude and behaviour. Material and Methods. The study, where three successive dental visits were videoed and then analysed by psychologists, involved 33 mother-child dyads. The mothers' level of anxiety (DAS scale), their apprehension about their children (original scale) as well as their confidence in the dentist were measured as the indexes of the attitude towards dental treatment. Results. The statistically significant increase in the children's co-operative and their mothers' neutral attitude was observed. The occurrence of some important behavioural changes was also revealed by the comparison of the mothers' anxiety, their apprehension about their children and their confidence in the dentist before and after the adaptation programme. The research results provided the evidence in support of the efficiency of the evaluated method. The mother is included in a diagnostic process, deepens her knowledge. More understanding makes her a therapist's partner. This is how the results of therapeutic activity get a chance to consolidate (Dent. Med. Probl. 2009, 46, 2, 219-228).
An undeniable fact in psychology is the statement that the individual fate of an individual is in... more An undeniable fact in psychology is the statement that the individual fate of an individual is influenced by family influences, but these depend to a large extent on the location of the family in the social structure and, more broadly, in a specific civilization context. Cross-cultural psychology provides a lot of information in this regard, although it seems to be far from the final conclusions. The presented text provides an overview of important theoretical approaches and research relating to contemporary cross-cultural differences in the sphere of family life. In the first subsection, they deal with general approaches and system structure. The second presents data on research related to the concept of parental ethonotheroia of child rearing. The third section is devoted to tracking the specificity of Polish families against the background of the modern world – international research, taking into account the Polish sample, and the comparison of the results of Polish and American ...
Background. The method of adaptation of up to three year old children to dental treatment is aime... more Background. The method of adaptation of up to three year old children to dental treatment is aimed at creating the conditions which are favourable to shaping their positive attitude to the medical procedures to which they are subjected. The programme participants were mothers and their children. While working with the mother-child dyad the dentist ties to locate them in such a manner that he is able to control the transfer of emotions in order to reinforce the flow of concern and reduce the flow of anxiety. Objectives. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this method and, in particular, distinguish the factors which make it possible to forecast desirable behaviour. Material and Methods. The study involved 33 mother-child dyads. The successive dental visits were videoed and analysed by psychologists with regard to the changes in each pair's behaviour. The components of the mothers' attitude such as their level of dental fear, apprehension of their children as well as their confidence in the dentist were measured and a number of demographic and medical variables were controlled. The application of regression analysis allowed to isolate the determiners of the patient's co-operative behaviour during his/her first, second and last dental appointment. Results. The analysis revealed those moments of the successive visits which had the most important effect on the quality of the children patients' co-operation throughout all the visits. As a result, in the light of the obtained findings, the method proved to be efficient and the change in the mothers' attitude guaranteed its durability. Conclusions. The programme of adaptation to dental treatment efficiently prepares children for developing their favourable attitude to it. The durability of the effects it provides is secured by the change in their mothers' attitude (Dent. Med. Probl. 2009, 46, 1, 25-31).
The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the... more The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the people in late adulthood to the younger generation. The participants were asked to write a short “Letter to a grandchild”. The letters written by 119 participants aged over 60 years old were analyzed qualititavely in terms of content and form, using categories from previous studies (Dryll, Tokarska, Cierpka, 2016). In order to assess temporal perspective the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) by Philip G. Zimbardo and John Boyd was used (adaptation by Aneta Przepiórka, Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska and Tomasz Jankowski, 2016). A number of dependencies between transmission characteristics and temporal perspective scales was observed. The results follow a characteristic pattern where instead of the focus on timing (past, present, and future), an attitude (positive or negative) seems to be more important. The results do not support the concept of a balanced temporal perspective, which can be explained by cultural differences as well as developmental characteristics of the participants.
the aim of the article is to present the concept and research on the development of autobiographi... more the aim of the article is to present the concept and research on the development of autobiographical narrative in the course of a person's life. reference was made to basic concepts important for the analysis of the topic: the definition of narrative, constructionist assumptions, understanding the process of creating self-narrative and the definition of autobiographical narrative. the considerations also include the issue of autobiographical memory and the discussion on understanding autobiographical narrative as monolithic vs. polyphonic. the following subchapters discuss the predispositions and development of early narrative competences, the beginnings of constructing an autobiographical narrative, the mechanisms of shaping and changing the autobiographical narrative in adulthood, including the characteristic features of self-narratives in late adulthood. the review of research presented in the article documents the mechanisms of shaping the autobiographical narrative, the directions of its changes in the life course and selected relationships important for understanding the process of these changes (e.g. the issue of increasing the ability to reflect biographically with age, fulfilling the need for generativity, the effect of intentionally minimizing unpleasant feelings in senior age, the concept of gerotranscendence, etc.). the article ends with reflections on the importance of constructing an autobiographical narrative in the modern world, the availability of autobiographical reflection and its meaning-creating value.
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