Eirini Maratou

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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

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Papers by Eirini Maratou

Vinegar Decreases Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Care, 2010

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Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplantation

Pediatric Transplantation, 2012

Hyperinsulinemia with or without DM2 is a frequent long-term sequela of BMT, especially following... more Hyperinsulinemia with or without DM2 is a frequent long-term sequela of BMT, especially following cGvHD (1, 2). The mechanism of hyperinsulinemia in patients with cGvHD has not been completely elucidated as yet. Nevertheless, the recent developments on the molecular basis of insulin resistance associated with obesity and DM2 have provided a solid background for further search into the pathophysiology of Livadas S, Voutetakis A, Bourhis J-C, Maratou E, Dimitriadis G, Margeli A, Chandrinou H, Goussetis E, Papassotiriou I, Dacou-Voutetakis C. Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011. Ó 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

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Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplantation

Pediatric Transplantation, 2012

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Insulin resistance and acute glucose changes determine arterial elastic properties and coronary flow reserve in dysglycaemic and first-degree relatives of diabetic patients

Atherosclerosis, 2015

Insulin resistance is linked to endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether first-degree rel... more Insulin resistance is linked to endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether first-degree relatives of type-2 diabetes patients (FDR) present differences in vascular function at baseline and during postprandial hyperglycemia compared to dysglycaemic or normoglycaemic subjects. We studied 40 FDR with normal oral glucose test (OGTT), 40 subjects with abnormal OGTT (dysglycaemic) and 20 subjects with normal OGTT without parental history of diabetes (normoglycaemic) with similar clinical characteristics. Glucose, insulin, pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (AI) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120min during OGTT. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was assessed using Doppler echocardiography at 0 and 120min after OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using Matsuda and insulin sensitivity index (ISI). FDR and dysglycaemics had higher fasting insulin, reduced ISI, Matsuda index as well as reduced CFR (2.54 ± 0.5 vs. 2.45 ± 0.3 vs. 2.74 ± 0.5), increased PWV, (8.9 ± 1.1 vs. 10.3 ± 2.4vs. 8.0 ± 1.5 m/sec), AI (23.8 ± 13.6 vs. 26.5 ± 14.4vs.17.7 ± 14%) and cSBP than normoglycaemics (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05 for all comparisons). During OGTT, AI was similarly reduced in both normoglycaemic and FDR (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) at peak insulin levels (60 min) though FDR had 2-fold higher insulin than normoglycaemics. AI was increased in dysglycaemics after peak glucose levels, at 120 min (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). CFR was reduced by 10% and 15% at 120min in FDR and dysglycaemic respectively, while remained unchanged in normoglycaemics (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The percent reduction of CFR was related with the percent increase of glucose levels, ISI and Matsuda index(p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). First-degree relatives and dysglycaemic patients have impaired arterial and coronary microcirculatory function. Insulin resistance determines acute vascular responses during postprandial hyperglycemia. CLINICALTRIALS. NCT02244736.

Effect of aliskiren on circulating endothelial progenitor cells and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension

American journal of hypertension, 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aliskiren on vascular function and endoth... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aliskiren on vascular function and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension. The study enrolled type 2 diabetic patients aged >50 years under stable glycemic control and first diagnosed mild essential hypertension. In phase A (n = 20), patients received aliskiren 150-300 mg daily for 3 months. In phase B (n = 12), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5-25mg daily substituted for aliskiren for 3 more months. At baseline and at the end of each phase, we assessed (i) brachial blood pressure (BBP); (ii) central aortic systolic pressure (CSP), aortic augmentation index (Aix), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) as markers of arterial stiffness; (iii) brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as a marker of endothelial function; (iv) left ventricular (LV) twisting and untwisting as markers of LV function and (v) EPC numbers in culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Aliskiren s...

The role of acetic acid on glucose uptake and blood flow rates in the skeletal muscle in humans with impaired glucose tolerance

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015

Background/Objectives:Previous studies support the glucose-lowering effect of vinegar. However, t... more Background/Objectives:Previous studies support the glucose-lowering effect of vinegar. However, the effect of vinegar on muscle glucose metabolism and endothelial function has not been studied in humans. This open, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study aims to investigate the effects of vinegar on muscle glucose metabolism, endothelial function and circulating lipid levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) using the arteriovenous difference technique.Subjects/Methods:Eight subjects with IGT (4 males, age 46±10 years, body mass index 30±5) were randomised to consume 0.50 mmol vinegar (6% acetic acid) or placebo before a mixed meal. Plasma samples were taken for 300 min from the radial artery and the forearm vein for measurements of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and glycerol. Muscle blood flow was measured with strain gauge plethysmography. Glucose flux was calculated as the arteriovenous difference of glucose multiplied by the blood flow rates.Results:Vinegar compared with placebo: (1) decreased arterial plasma insulin (Poverall&lt;0.001; P75 min=0.014, β=-42), (2) increased forearm blood flow (Poverall&lt;0.001; P240 min=0.011, β=1.53; P300 min=0.023, β=1.37), (3) increased muscle glucose uptake (Poverall&lt;0.001; P60 min=0.029, β=2.78) and (4) decreased arterial plasma triglycerides (Poverall=0.005; P240 min&lt;0.001, β=-344; P300 min&lt;0.001, β=-373), without changing NEFA and glycerol.Conclusions:In individuals with IGT, vinegar ingestion before a mixed meal results in an enhancement of muscle blood flow, an improvement of glucose uptake by the forearm muscle and a reduction of postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. From this point of view, vinegar may be considered beneficial for improving insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities in the atherogenic prediabetic state.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 28 January 2015; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.289.

The relationship of novel adipokines, RBP4 and omentin-1, with carotid atherosclerosis severity and vulnerability

Atherosclerosis, 2014

Objective: We investigated the relationship of circulating novel adipokines, retinol-binding prot... more Objective: We investigated the relationship of circulating novel adipokines, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and omentin-1, with advanced carotid atherosclerosis and ultrasound indexes of severity (total plaque area-TPA) and plaque echogenicity and vulnerability (Gray-Scale median e GSM score). Methods: We enrolled 225 patients with high-grade carotid stenosis (HGCS) who underwent carotid revascularization (73 Symptomatic patients, 152 asymptomatic patients) and 75 age-and sex-matched, asymptomatic individuals with low-grade (<50%) carotid stenosis (LGCS). Seventy-three individuals without current manifestations of atherosclerotic disease served as control group (COG). All participants underwent carotid ultrasound with TPA and GSM score assessment. Moreover, clinical parameters, metabolic profile, and circulating levels of hsCRP and adipokines were assessed. Results: RBP4 was significantly elevated in HGCS (51.44 ± 16.23 mg/L) compared to LGCS (38.39 ± 8.85 mg/L), independent of symptoms existence, whereas RBP4 levels in COG were even lower (25.74 ± 10.72 mg/L, p < 0.001 compared to either HGCS or LGCS). Inversely, serum omentin-1 levels were significantly lower across HGCS (490.41 ± 172 ng/ml) and LGCS (603.20 ± 202.43 ng/ml) than COG (815.3 ± 185.32, p < 0.001). Moreover, the considerable difference between HGCS and LGCS (p < 0.001) was exclusively attributed to the excessive suppression of omentin-1 concentrations in symptomatic versus asymptomatic (p ¼ 0.004) patients. HGCS and LGCS did not differ in the rest of clinical and biochemical parameters. In multiple regression analysis, RBP4 (beta ¼ 0.232, p ¼ 0.025) and hsCRP (beta ¼ 0.300, p ¼ 0.004) emerged as independent determinants of TPA in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Low serum levels of omentin-1 correlated with GSM score and symptoms but that association was lost in multivariate analysis.. Conclusion: RBP4 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with established carotid atherosclerosis and were positively associated with atherosclerosis severity. The association of low serum omentin-1 with carotid plaque echolucency requires further investigation.. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00636766.

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Serum levels of retinol-binding protein-4 are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular diabetology, 2014

The interplay between the novel adipokine retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) and coronary artery di... more The interplay between the novel adipokine retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is still obscure. We investigated the relationship between RBP4 levels and the presence and severity of angiographically proven CAD and determined its possible role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 305 individuals with angiographically proven CAD (CAD-patients), were classified into 2 subgroups: 1) acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n = 141), and 2) stable angina (SA, n = 164). Ninety-one age- and sex-matched individuals without CAD, but with at least 2 classical cardiovascular risk factors, served as controls (non-CAD group). RBP4 serum levels were measured at hospital admission and were analyzed in relation to the coronary severity stenosis, assessed by the Gensini-score and the number of coronary narrowed vessels. Other clinical parameters, including insulin levels, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, glycaemic and lipid profile, and left-ventricular ejection fraction were also assessed. ...

Kinetics of Adipose Tissue Microdialysis-Derived Metabolites in Critically Ill Septic Patients

Shock, 2011

Microdialysis (MD) provides the opportunity to monitor tissue metabolic changes. This study aimed... more Microdialysis (MD) provides the opportunity to monitor tissue metabolic changes. This study aimed to describe the kinetics of MD-derived metabolites during the course of critical sepsis, to assess whether these metabolites are useful in grading sepsis severity, and to investigate their prognostic use. To this end, 54 mechanically ventilated septic patients were prospectively studied, out of which 39 had shock. Upon sepsis onset, an MD catheter was inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the upper thigh. Dialysate samples were analyzed for glucose, pyruvate, lactate, and glycerol. Sampling was performed six times per day for a maximum of 6 days. The daily mean values of MD measurements were calculated for each patient. Arterial blood was analyzed for glucose, lactate, and glycerol concomitantly with dialysate sampling. Blood glucose and tissue glucose levels along with lactate levels were high during the entire study period. Tissue pyruvate and glycerol were also raised, whereas the lactate-pyruvate ratio was preserved. At study entry, patients with septic shock had higher tissue lactate (3.3 vs. 1.9 mmol/L, P = 0.01) and glycerol (340 vs. 169 2mol/L, P = 0.04) levels compared with those without shock. Nonsurvivors had higher tissue lactate (P = 0.008), glycerol (P = 0.004), and pyruvate (P = 0.002) levels than survivors during the whole observation period. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.075; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004Y1.150; P = 0.03), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on day 1 (OR, 1.550; 95% CI, 1.043Y2.312; P = 0.03), and tissue glycerol on day 1 (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001Y1.012; P = 0.01) predicted mortality independently. In conclusion, critical sepsis is characterized by high tissue lactate and pyruvate levels and a preserved lactate-pyruvate ratio, suggesting a nonischemic mechanism for raised blood lactate levels. Septic shock is associated with higher tissue lactate and glycerol levels compared with sepsis without shock. Elevated tissue lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol levels are related to poor clinical outcome, with the latter constituting an independent predictor.

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Serum levels of novel adipokines in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Potential contribution to diagnosis and prognosis

Peptides, 2014

This study evaluated serum levels of novel adipokines in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and their as... more This study evaluated serum levels of novel adipokines in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and their association with prognosis. We enrolled 168 patients with AIS and 58 stroke-free age-and sex-matched individuals (controls). Clinical parameters, carotid ultrasound, metabolic profile, vaspin, apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin were assayed. Stroke-patients were sampled at hospital admission and were prospectively followed-up (median 16 months) for the cardiovascular endpoint (cardiovascular death/stroke/myocardial infarction). At admission, stroke-patients appeared with higher levels of systolic blood pressure, hsCRP and worse metabolic profile (p < 0.05), (p > 0.05). Compared to controls, AIS group had significantly higher serum concentrations of visfatin (22.92 ± 9.72 ng/ml vs 16.56 ± 7.82 ng/ml, p = 0.006) and lower of vaspin (0.94 ± 0.43 ng/ml vs 1.84 ± 0.82 ng/ml, p = 0.019) and ghrelin (3.47 ± 1.44 ng/ml vs 5.93 ± 2.78 ng/ml, p < 0.001), while apelin did not differ between groups. Similar differences in adipokines were found between stroke subgroups with and without significant ipsilateral carotid stenosis (>50%) (p < 0.05). In stepwise logistic regression analysis adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and age, visfatin (p = 0.026) and ghrelin (p = 0.012) proved to be independent predictors of AIS. During follow-up, 27 patients achieved cardiovascular endpoint. In addition to coronary artery disease and NIHSS score, visfatin serum levels was associated with cardiovascular endpoint (HR: 1.255, 95% CI: 1.025-1.576). Our results suggested the association of AIS with higher visfatin and lower vaspin and ghrelin serum levels. Visfatin levels can be a predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in AIS.

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Blocking of the axon spikes by Pentylenetetrazol in an identified neuron of the snail Helix lucorum, with consequent induction of epileptic activity in the cell body of the same neuron

Neuroscience Letters, 1999

In an isolated preparation which consists of the buccal ganglia and the salivary nerve of Helix l... more In an isolated preparation which consists of the buccal ganglia and the salivary nerve of Helix lucorum, neuron B2 can be identi®ed by simultaneously recording the soma spike intracellularly and the axon spike extracellularly from the peripheral salivary nerve. The convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) eliminates the axon spike of the neuron within 1± 5 min after its application while epileptic activity is induced in the soma of the same neuron for hours. It is interesting that almost all nerve activity in the peripheral nerve is blocked by PTZ. q

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An axon pacemaker: diversity in the mechanism of generation and conduction of action potentials in snail neurons

Neuroscience, 2000

made at the initial segment of the axon, the axon hillock [Kandel E. R. and Schwartz J. H. (1991)... more made at the initial segment of the axon, the axon hillock [Kandel E. R. and Schwartz J. H. (1991) In Principles of Neural Science (eds Kandel E. R., Schwartz J. H. and Jessell T. M.), pp. 166-167. Elsevier, New York]. The situation in invertebrate motoneurons is different. The axon has many arborizations near its soma, in the nearby neuropil, and many branches in the target region. The action potentials are generated in the region of the axon in the neuropil and in some cases the trigger zone can be found more than 1 mm apart from the soma [Tauc C. (1962) Aplysia. J. gen. Physiol. 45, 1077-1097]. Thus, it is obvious that, in a neuron, the removal of the trigger zone would cease the spiking activity in the axon. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that, in snails, there are axons of certain neurons, like neuron B2, which are able to maintain their firing activity after the removal of their cell body and the so-called trigger zone. ᭧ 2000 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Axonal transport of herpes simplex virus-1 in an in vitro model based on the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog Rana ridibunda

Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 1998

An in vitro model for the study of the axonal transport of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) in the ... more An in vitro model for the study of the axonal transport of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) in the nerve fibres of the sciatic nerve of the frog Rana ridibunda, has been developed. The nerve was placed along a three-chambered bath consisting of three isolated chambers arranged in series: the stimulating, perfusion and recording chambers. The HSV-1 inoculum was placed in the stimulating chamber, where the proximal part of the isolated sciatic nerve was immersed. HSV-1 was detected after 24 -36 h in the recording chamber, where the distal part of the nerve was immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), indicating an axonal transport speed of 46-60 mm/day. The evoked maximum compound action potentials generated in the stimulating chamber was monitored continuously in the recording chamber as an indication of the viability of the nerve during axonal transport. The in vitro method presented here is a useful tool for the pharmacological study of various parameters, e.g. drugs diluted in the perfusion chamber, ionising radiation and temperature, which may affect the axonal transport or other properties of HSV-1.

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Thyroid Hormone Excess Increases Basal and Insulin-stimulated Recruitment of GLUT3 Glucose Transporters on Cell Surface

Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2005

In hyperthyroidism, tissue glucose disposal is increased to adapt to high energy demand. Our aim ... more In hyperthyroidism, tissue glucose disposal is increased to adapt to high energy demand. Our aim was to examine the glucose transporter isoforms involved in this process and their regulation through insulin in monocytes from subjects with hyperthyroidism. Blood (20 ml) was withdrawn from 12 healthy and 12 hyperthyroid subjects. The abundance of glucose transporter isoforms (GLUT) on the monocyte surface membrane was determined in the absence and presence of insulin (10-100 mU/l) using flow cytometry. Anti-CD14-PE monoclonal antibody was used for monocyte gating. GLUT isoforms were determined after staining the cells with specific antisera to GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4. Hyperthyroidism increased basal monocyte-surface GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 transporters. In these cells, insulin had a marginal effect on GLUT4 translocation (25 %, p &lt; 0.02) and a more significant effect on GLUT3 translocation (45 %, p &lt; 0.001) on plasma membrane. In the hyperthyroid state, (1) basal abundance of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 transporters on the cell surface is increased; (2) insulin mainly increases the recruitment of GLUT3 and, to a lesser extent, GLUT4 glucose transporters on the plasma membrane. These findings may provide a mechanism to explain the increment of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues in hyperthyroidism.

IGF-I increases the recruitment of GLUT4 and GLUT3 glucose transporters on cell surface in hyperthyroidism

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2008

Objective: In hyperthyroidism, tissue glucose disposal is increased to adapt to high energy deman... more Objective: In hyperthyroidism, tissue glucose disposal is increased to adapt to high energy demand. Our aim was to examine the regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms by IGF-I in monocytes from patients with hyperthyroidism. Design and methods: Blood (20 ml) was drawn from 21 healthy and 10 hyperthyroid subjects. The abundance of GLUT isoforms on the monocyte plasma membrane was determined in the absence and presence of IGF-I (0.07, 0.14, and 0.7 nM) using flow cytometry. Anti-CD14-phycoerythrin monocional antibody was used for monocyte gating. GLUT isoforms were determined after staining the cells with specific antisera to GLUT3 and GLUT4. Results: In monocytes from the euthyroid subjects, IGF-I increased the abundance of GLUT3 and GLUT4 on the monocyte surface by 25 and 21% respectively (P!0.0005 with repeated measures ANOVA). Hyperthyroidism increased the basal monocyte surface GLUT3 and GLUT4; in these cells, IGF-I had a marginal but highly significant effect (PZ0.003, with repeated measures ANOVA) on GLUT3 (11%) and GLUT4 (10%) translocation on the plasma membrane. Conclusions: In hyperthyroidism: 1) basal abundance of GLUT3 and GLUT4 on the plasma membrane is increased and 2) the sensitivity of the recruitment of GLUT3 and GLUT4 transporters on the plasma membrane in response to IGF-I is increased. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism by which hyperthyroidism increases glucose disposal in peripheral tissues.

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Evaluation of glucose transport and its regulation by insulin in human monocytes using flow cytometry

Cytometry Part A, 2005

We investigated the effects of insulin on glucose transport in human monocytes using flow cytomet... more We investigated the effects of insulin on glucose transport in human monocytes using flow cytometry, a method with several advantages over previously used techniques. We hypothesized that monocytes could be used as tools to study insulin action at the cellular level and facilitate the investigation of mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance. Methods: Blood was withdrawn from 38 healthy subjects. The expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms in plasma membrane and the rates of glucose transport were determined with and without insulin (10 to 1,000 mU/L). Anti-CD14 phycoerythrin monoclonal antibody was used for monocyte gating. GLUT isoforms were determined after staining cells with specific antisera to GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4. Glucose transport was monitored with 6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-6-deoxyglucose (NBDG).

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Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Gene Amplification Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Clinical Cancer Research, 2009

Purpose: Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis o... more Purpose: Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The genetic change in phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) in MCL has not been identified. Experimental Design: Thirty-five primary MCL cases and 2 MCL cell lines (GRANTA-519 and Rec-1) were used to investigate somatic mutation and gene copy number of PIK3-CA. Gene copy number was determined using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to measure PIK3CA transcription levels. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and phoshorylated AKT protein levels were analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis after treatment of MCL cell lines and one control cell line with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3KCA. Results: Fifteen of 22 (68%) MCL cases and the MCL cell lines harbored a gain (≥3) of PIK3CA gene copy number. In addition, cases with increased PIK3CA gene copy number had elevated PIK3CA mRNA levels. Furthermore, amplification of PIK3CA correlated with the status of AKT phosphorylation in 7 of 12 (58%) primary MCL cases. Inhibition of PIK3CA induced increased apoptosis in the MCL cell lines. PTEN protein expression was present in all 14 primary MCL cases and cell lines by Western blotting, whereas 5 of 33 (15%) cases tested by immunohistochemistry had loss of PTEN expression. Conclusions: We conclude that a gain of gene copy number of PIK3CA is frequent genetic alteration that contributes to MCL progression. PIK3CA is a promising therapeutic target in MCL. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5724-32)

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Glucose and Lipid Fluxes in the Adipose Tissue after Meal Ingestion in Hyperthyroidism

by Eirini Maratou and Panayota Mitrou

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2006

Background: Although insulin resistance is well established in hyperthyroidism, information on th... more

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Adipose tissue lipolysis and circulating lipids in acute and subacute critical illness: Effects of shock and treatment

by Panayota Mitrou, Eirini Maratou, and Maria Theodorakopoulou

Journal of Critical Care, 2014

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Intensive care units Microdialysis Sepsis Lipolysis

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Impaired Postprandial Blood Flow in Adipose Tissue May Be an Early Marker of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

by Panayota Mitrou and Eirini Maratou

Diabetes Care, 2007

OBJECTIVE -We investigated the changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) after a m... more

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Vinegar Decreases Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Care, 2010

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Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplantation

Pediatric Transplantation, 2012

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Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplantation

Pediatric Transplantation, 2012

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Insulin resistance and acute glucose changes determine arterial elastic properties and coronary flow reserve in dysglycaemic and first-degree relatives of diabetic patients

Atherosclerosis, 2015