The launch of the MODIS sensor has powered the works focused on the attainment of the atmos- pher... more The launch of the MODIS sensor has powered the works focused on the attainment of the atmos- pheric Water vapor (W) and the Land Surface Temperature (LST) at global scale from its data in the last years. However, these global products are not enough accurate at regional scale, where a higher precision is necessary. So, in this paper we propose
The environmental impacts of agriculture on water of the intensively cultivated areas has become ... more The environmental impacts of agriculture on water of the intensively cultivated areas has become of primary importance because of its consequences on the quality of surface and groundwater. In order to control and reduce the nitrogen pollution of water the European Union has obliged its members to define Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) from which the outflow of nitrates from the agricultural sources should decrease. The aim of the performed research was to estimate the most endangered zones in Poland using multicriteria GIS analysis. To model the agricultural nitrogen sources set of spatial data, in-situ measurements (National Water Management Authority) of nitrogen content in ground and surface water and anthropogenic point pollutant map were used. Using the CORINE Land Cover map the ratio between natural and artificial surfaces was calculated for each catchment. Next elaborated map for basins with soil map and DEM were used to define the terrain susceptibility. In aim to calculate the possible nitrogen pressure on environment about 5000 points -for each spring and autumn period in 2005 -2009, was employed. Measurements of nitrogen content in soil (at depth levels between 30, 60 and 90 cm) were used to define the relationships among the nitrates contamination and Nitrogen dose. Then taking into account the terrain susceptibility the risk areas of agricultural pollution were found. Most of them are situated in central, centralwest and southern Poland.
The intensively cultivated zones are consider as a potential source areas of the non-point nitrat... more The intensively cultivated zones are consider as a potential source areas of the non-point nitrate pollution of the surface and groundwater water due to intense fertilization. In order to control and reduce the nitrogen pollution of water the European Union has obliged its members to define zones which the outflow of nitrates from the agricultural sources should decrease. The aim of the study is to map the most endangered zones in Poland using MODIS. Remote Sensing data enable the detection of parameters directly related to the N-stress: evapotranspiration, chlorophyll content in the biomass (VIgreen, NDVI), moisture content (MSI, NDII, NDWI), and the thermal condition of vegetation as well. The indexes were obtained from MODIS images and temporal changes of the indexes were searched all over the growing season. The anomalies were analyzed in the context of the nitrate concentration in soil with the use of 4000 in-situ measurements (National Water Management Authority). The spatial ...
Riesgos Naturales en Asturias: desprendimiento de rocas, deslizamientos superficiales, grandes mo... more Riesgos Naturales en Asturias: desprendimiento de rocas, deslizamientos superficiales, grandes movimientos en masa, aludes, inundaciones e incendios forestales.
A cartographic method based on satellite images was completed in order to analyse the evolution o... more A cartographic method based on satellite images was completed in order to analyse the evolution of soil erosion in areas under humid climate conditions that experience frequent small forest fires. The method uses indicators, recognisable in the images, for the spatial and temporal analysis of the soil erosion status in burnt areas where the vegetation recovers quickly after fires. The continuity of the organic horizon, the surface stoniness and the vegetation cover degradation or regeneration were the indicators of the erosive soil class used in the multitemporal analysis of nine Landsat images. The study area is located in the western sector of the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain). The indicators selected were useful to show clearly the erosive status of the soils. Also, the use of multitemporal satellite image analysis seems to be a suitable method for studying soil erosion evolution in areas prone to forest fire. The application of the proposed method showed that in a study area of 48 857 ha, the soil cover was recovering in 7377 ha owing to the smaller frequency of forest fires, and degrading in 2326 ha.
In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness wh... more In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness which produces a random surface roughness. The surface roughness is one of the control parameters in the signal of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In this work we test the use of the SAR images for distinguishing and mapping areas with different surface roughness which, in this study, correspond with areas with different surface stoniness. In accordance with the geographic location, the relief of the study area and the aims of the project JERS and ENVISAT SAR images were used. The images are characterized by the high view angles, between 33°a nd 42°, alternating polarization (HH/HV, VV/VH) data and ascending and descending passes. In order to describe the soil roughness various measuring methods were applied in plot parcels (direct measurements of height of clasts and laser scanning) and different roughness models were tested. The results show that there are relation between SAR signal (DN) and the soil roughness classes: DN = aθ b and the b parameter is correlated with the roughness. The best fit between roughness model and SAR data was found for mean standard deviation (rms) height of clasts. Once verified that the correlation between SAR signal and surface roughness exists, the ENVISAT images were classified into three successive surface roughness classes. In order to facilitate the classification Principal Components Analysis were carried out over all polarization bands and the object oriented classification was applied. To validate the accuracy of the SAR images classification we elaborated by photointerpretation a surface condition map for an area of 10,700 ha. The SAR classification and photointerpreted map were compared for three classes: surface without stones, surface with stones (low and medium stoniness) and total cover of loose clasts. The overall coincidence between the maps is about 70%. Besides, large areas located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula suffer soil degradation caused by wildfires and the increase of surface stoniness is one of the effects described in the postfire erosion. The influence of wildfires and the associated erosion is particularly important on quartzitic slopes partially covered by coarse grain-supported deposits, like the ones considered in this study. The available data for the area of study suggest the high correlation between the different classes of surface roughness and stoniness obtained from SAR imagery, and the gradual different status of postfire soil erosion.
The aim of the performed research was to determine catchments under the nitrogen pressure in Pola... more The aim of the performed research was to determine catchments under the nitrogen pressure in Poland in period of 2007-2010. National Water Management Authority in Poland uses the elaborated methodology to fulfil requirements of Nitrate Directive and Water Framework Directive. Multicriteria GIS analysis was conducted on the base on various types of environmental data, maps and remote sensing products. Final model of real agricultural pressure was made using two components: (i) potential pressure connected with agriculture (ii) the vulnerability of the area. The agricultural pressure was calculated using the amount of nitrogen in fertilizers and the amount of nitrogen produced by animal breeding. The animal pressure was based on the information about the number of bred animals of each species for communes in Poland. The spatial distribution of vegetation pressure was calculated using kriging for the whole country base on the information about 5000 points with the amount of nitrogen do...
The launch of the MODIS sensor has powered the works focused on the attainment of the atmos- pher... more The launch of the MODIS sensor has powered the works focused on the attainment of the atmos- pheric Water vapor (W) and the Land Surface Temperature (LST) at global scale from its data in the last years. However, these global products are not enough accurate at regional scale, where a higher precision is necessary. So, in this paper we propose
The environmental impacts of agriculture on water of the intensively cultivated areas has become ... more The environmental impacts of agriculture on water of the intensively cultivated areas has become of primary importance because of its consequences on the quality of surface and groundwater. In order to control and reduce the nitrogen pollution of water the European Union has obliged its members to define Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) from which the outflow of nitrates from the agricultural sources should decrease. The aim of the performed research was to estimate the most endangered zones in Poland using multicriteria GIS analysis. To model the agricultural nitrogen sources set of spatial data, in-situ measurements (National Water Management Authority) of nitrogen content in ground and surface water and anthropogenic point pollutant map were used. Using the CORINE Land Cover map the ratio between natural and artificial surfaces was calculated for each catchment. Next elaborated map for basins with soil map and DEM were used to define the terrain susceptibility. In aim to calculate the possible nitrogen pressure on environment about 5000 points -for each spring and autumn period in 2005 -2009, was employed. Measurements of nitrogen content in soil (at depth levels between 30, 60 and 90 cm) were used to define the relationships among the nitrates contamination and Nitrogen dose. Then taking into account the terrain susceptibility the risk areas of agricultural pollution were found. Most of them are situated in central, centralwest and southern Poland.
The intensively cultivated zones are consider as a potential source areas of the non-point nitrat... more The intensively cultivated zones are consider as a potential source areas of the non-point nitrate pollution of the surface and groundwater water due to intense fertilization. In order to control and reduce the nitrogen pollution of water the European Union has obliged its members to define zones which the outflow of nitrates from the agricultural sources should decrease. The aim of the study is to map the most endangered zones in Poland using MODIS. Remote Sensing data enable the detection of parameters directly related to the N-stress: evapotranspiration, chlorophyll content in the biomass (VIgreen, NDVI), moisture content (MSI, NDII, NDWI), and the thermal condition of vegetation as well. The indexes were obtained from MODIS images and temporal changes of the indexes were searched all over the growing season. The anomalies were analyzed in the context of the nitrate concentration in soil with the use of 4000 in-situ measurements (National Water Management Authority). The spatial ...
Riesgos Naturales en Asturias: desprendimiento de rocas, deslizamientos superficiales, grandes mo... more Riesgos Naturales en Asturias: desprendimiento de rocas, deslizamientos superficiales, grandes movimientos en masa, aludes, inundaciones e incendios forestales.
A cartographic method based on satellite images was completed in order to analyse the evolution o... more A cartographic method based on satellite images was completed in order to analyse the evolution of soil erosion in areas under humid climate conditions that experience frequent small forest fires. The method uses indicators, recognisable in the images, for the spatial and temporal analysis of the soil erosion status in burnt areas where the vegetation recovers quickly after fires. The continuity of the organic horizon, the surface stoniness and the vegetation cover degradation or regeneration were the indicators of the erosive soil class used in the multitemporal analysis of nine Landsat images. The study area is located in the western sector of the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain). The indicators selected were useful to show clearly the erosive status of the soils. Also, the use of multitemporal satellite image analysis seems to be a suitable method for studying soil erosion evolution in areas prone to forest fire. The application of the proposed method showed that in a study area of 48 857 ha, the soil cover was recovering in 7377 ha owing to the smaller frequency of forest fires, and degrading in 2326 ha.
In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness wh... more In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness which produces a random surface roughness. The surface roughness is one of the control parameters in the signal of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In this work we test the use of the SAR images for distinguishing and mapping areas with different surface roughness which, in this study, correspond with areas with different surface stoniness. In accordance with the geographic location, the relief of the study area and the aims of the project JERS and ENVISAT SAR images were used. The images are characterized by the high view angles, between 33°a nd 42°, alternating polarization (HH/HV, VV/VH) data and ascending and descending passes. In order to describe the soil roughness various measuring methods were applied in plot parcels (direct measurements of height of clasts and laser scanning) and different roughness models were tested. The results show that there are relation between SAR signal (DN) and the soil roughness classes: DN = aθ b and the b parameter is correlated with the roughness. The best fit between roughness model and SAR data was found for mean standard deviation (rms) height of clasts. Once verified that the correlation between SAR signal and surface roughness exists, the ENVISAT images were classified into three successive surface roughness classes. In order to facilitate the classification Principal Components Analysis were carried out over all polarization bands and the object oriented classification was applied. To validate the accuracy of the SAR images classification we elaborated by photointerpretation a surface condition map for an area of 10,700 ha. The SAR classification and photointerpreted map were compared for three classes: surface without stones, surface with stones (low and medium stoniness) and total cover of loose clasts. The overall coincidence between the maps is about 70%. Besides, large areas located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula suffer soil degradation caused by wildfires and the increase of surface stoniness is one of the effects described in the postfire erosion. The influence of wildfires and the associated erosion is particularly important on quartzitic slopes partially covered by coarse grain-supported deposits, like the ones considered in this study. The available data for the area of study suggest the high correlation between the different classes of surface roughness and stoniness obtained from SAR imagery, and the gradual different status of postfire soil erosion.
The aim of the performed research was to determine catchments under the nitrogen pressure in Pola... more The aim of the performed research was to determine catchments under the nitrogen pressure in Poland in period of 2007-2010. National Water Management Authority in Poland uses the elaborated methodology to fulfil requirements of Nitrate Directive and Water Framework Directive. Multicriteria GIS analysis was conducted on the base on various types of environmental data, maps and remote sensing products. Final model of real agricultural pressure was made using two components: (i) potential pressure connected with agriculture (ii) the vulnerability of the area. The agricultural pressure was calculated using the amount of nitrogen in fertilizers and the amount of nitrogen produced by animal breeding. The animal pressure was based on the information about the number of bred animals of each species for communes in Poland. The spatial distribution of vegetation pressure was calculated using kriging for the whole country base on the information about 5000 points with the amount of nitrogen do...
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