Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selec... more Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selecting appropriate values is however often difficult, especially when groups of stakeholders are involved. This paper identifies and compares generic and domain-specific group decision approaches for selecting quantitative values in goal models. It then reports on the use of two approaches targeting quantitative contributions, actor importance, and indicator definitions in the Goal-oriented Requirement Language. The approaches have been deployed in two independent branches of the Canadian government.
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of th... more Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Computer Science Under the auspices of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Computer Science
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of th... more Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Computer Science Under the auspices of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Computer Science
2012 Second IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa), 2012
ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of ... more ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of achieving these goals. As regulators start evolving regulations towards an outcome-based approach, it becomes important to reuse knowledge about existing problems and solutions, and patterns are known to be a means of increasing reusability. Regulatory parties can benefit from a pattern-based framework that (i) lays down a foundation for capturing knowledge about business goals and processes, (ii) provides methods for reusing this knowledge by extracting and customizing models for specific stakeholders, and (iii) enables evolution of the knowledge when new problems and solutions emerge. In this paper, we provide systematic steps for eliciting requirements leading to the creation of patterns and families and show the applicability of the Goal-oriented Pattern Family framework in this novel context. We improve the framework's infrastructure and include the concept of indicator in the framework in order to facilitate the reuse of compliance measurement approaches, in context.
2013 6th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2013
Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory i... more Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory institutions shift towards outcome-based regulations, they increasingly adopt legislation performance modeling, at the basis of regulatory intelligence. In this context, performance modeling refers to the measuring of important business aspects in a coordinated manner and the use of these measurements for improved decision making. Considering that in many cases regulatory texts already exist, it is necessary to build a performance model based on existing regulations that may be still prescriptive rather than outcome-based. The process of turning the underlying textual legislation into a formal performance model that can be assessed by Business Intelligence (BI) tools is complicated due to organizational, cultural, and technological reasons. In this paper, we present a methodology from a technical perspective that enables regulatory institutions to reason about regulations and compliance with regulations as new dimensions. We demonstrate the methodology using traffic law as an example regulation, jUCMNav for performance modeling, and IBM Cognos for BI reporting.
2012 Second IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa), 2012
ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of ... more ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of achieving these goals. As regulators start evolving regulations towards an outcome-based approach, it becomes important to reuse knowledge about existing problems and solutions, and patterns are known to be a means of increasing reusability. Regulatory parties can benefit from a pattern-based framework that (i) lays down a foundation for capturing knowledge about business goals and processes, (ii) provides methods for reusing this knowledge by extracting and customizing models for specific stakeholders, and (iii) enables evolution of the knowledge when new problems and solutions emerge. In this paper, we provide systematic steps for eliciting requirements leading to the creation of patterns and families and show the applicability of the Goal-oriented Pattern Family framework in this novel context. We improve the framework's infrastructure and include the concept of indicator in the framework in order to facilitate the reuse of compliance measurement approaches, in context.
Non-functional requirements such as availability, reliability, and security are often crucial in ... more Non-functional requirements such as availability, reliability, and security are often crucial in designing and implementing distributed real-time systems. As a result, such non-functional requirements should be addressed as early as possible in the system development life-cycle. The widespread interest in dependability modeling and analysis techniques at the requirements elicitation and analysis stage provides the major motivation for this research. This paper presents a novel approach to describe high-level availability requirements using the Aspect-oriented Use Case Maps (AoUCM) language. AoUCM adds aspects-oriented concepts to the Use Case Maps (UCM) language, part of the ITU-T User Requirements Notation (URN) standard. The proposed approach relies on a mapping of availability architectural tactics to reusable AoUCM models, allowing availability tactics to be encapsulated early in the software development life-cylce. Initial tool support for the resulting availability extensions, is provided by the jUCMNav tool. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach using a case study of Lawful Intercept (LI), an IP router feature.
2013 6th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2013
Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory i... more Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory institutions shift towards outcome-based regulations, they increasingly adopt legislation performance modeling, at the basis of regulatory intelligence. In this context, performance modeling refers to the measuring of important business aspects in a coordinated manner and the use of these measurements for improved decision making. Considering that in many cases regulatory texts already exist, it is necessary to build a performance model based on existing regulations that may be still prescriptive rather than outcome-based. The process of turning the underlying textual legislation into a formal performance model that can be assessed by Business Intelligence (BI) tools is complicated due to organizational, cultural, and technological reasons. In this paper, we present a methodology from a technical perspective that enables regulatory institutions to reason about regulations and compliance with regulations as new dimensions. We demonstrate the methodology using traffic law as an example regulation, jUCMNav for performance modeling, and IBM Cognos for BI reporting.
Goal modeling is an important part of various types of activities such as requirements engineerin... more Goal modeling is an important part of various types of activities such as requirements engineering, business management, and compliance assessment. The Goal-oriented Requirement Language is a standard and mature goal modeling language supported by the jUCMNav tool. However, recent applications of GRL to a regulatory context highlighted several analysis issues and limitations whose resolutions are urgent, and also likely applicable to other languages and tools. This paper investigates issues related to the computation of strategy and model differences, the management of complexity and uncertainty, sensitivity analysis, and various domain-specific considerations. For each, a solution is proposed, implemented in jUCMNav, and illustrated through simple examples. These solutions greatly increase the analysis capabilities of GRL and jUCMNav in order to handle real problems.
2012 20th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2012
Transport Canada is reviewing its Aviation Security regulations in a multi-year modernization pro... more Transport Canada is reviewing its Aviation Security regulations in a multi-year modernization process. As part of this review, consideration is given to transitioning regulations where appropriate from a prescriptive style to an outcomebased style. This raises new technical and cultural challenges related to how to measure compliance. This paper reports on a novel approach used to model regulations with the Goaloriented Requirement Language, augmented with qualitative indicators. These models are used to guide the generation of questions for inspection activities, enable a flexible conversion of real-world data into goal satisfaction levels, and facilitate compliance analysis. A new propagation mechanism enables the evaluation of the compliance level of an organization. This outcome-based approach is expected to help get a more precise understanding of who complies with what, while highlighting opportunities for improving existing regulatory elements.
2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2012
The performance modeling of regulations is a relatively recent innovation. However, as regulators... more The performance modeling of regulations is a relatively recent innovation. However, as regulators in many domains increasingly look to move from prescriptive regulations towards more outcome-based regulations, the use of performance modeling will become more common place. The major difference of outcome-based regulations over prescriptive regulations is that the main interest lies in specifying clear objectives of the regulations and measuring whether regulated parties achieve these objectives, while leaving much freedom to the regulated party on how to meet these objectives. Recently, we have found that the use of performance modeling provides benefits such as revealing inconsistencies and lack of clarity in existing regulatory language. In this paper, we report on these experiences, summarize guidelines for the modeling of regulations, and examine whether the current drafting processes for regulations are optimized to take advantage of these additional benefits. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of various ways of augmenting the current approach with goal-oriented modeling of regulations. Based on our experience with Aviation Security regulations, we believe it is time for modeling to play a new role in helping to guide the drafting of regulations.
Ninth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, 2005
Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces is not an easy task due to the sheer si... more Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces is not an easy task due to the sheer size of typical traces. In this paper, we describe a novel technique for achieving this. Our approach is based on filtering traces by distinguishing the utility components from the ones that implement high-level concepts. In the paper, we first define the concept of utilities; then we present an algorithm based on fan-in analysis that can be used for the detection of utilities. To represent the high-level behavioral models, we explore the Use Case Map (UCM) notation, which is a language used to describe and understand emergent behavior of complex and dynamic systems. Finally, we test the validity of our approach on an object-oriented system called TConfig.
Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selec... more Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selecting appropriate values is however often difficult, especially when groups of stakeholders are involved. This paper identifies and compares generic and domain-specific group decision approaches for selecting quantitative values in goal models. It then reports on the use of two approaches targeting quantitative contributions, actor importance, and indicator definitions in the Goal-oriented Requirement Language. The approaches have been deployed in two independent branches of the Canadian government.
Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selec... more Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selecting appropriate values is however often difficult, especially when groups of stakeholders are involved. This paper identifies and compares generic and domain-specific group decision approaches for selecting quantitative values in goal models. It then reports on the use of two approaches targeting quantitative contributions, actor importance, and indicator definitions in the Goal-oriented Requirement Language. The approaches have been deployed in two independent branches of the Canadian government.
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of th... more Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Computer Science Under the auspices of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Computer Science
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of th... more Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Computer Science Under the auspices of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Computer Science
2012 Second IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa), 2012
ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of ... more ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of achieving these goals. As regulators start evolving regulations towards an outcome-based approach, it becomes important to reuse knowledge about existing problems and solutions, and patterns are known to be a means of increasing reusability. Regulatory parties can benefit from a pattern-based framework that (i) lays down a foundation for capturing knowledge about business goals and processes, (ii) provides methods for reusing this knowledge by extracting and customizing models for specific stakeholders, and (iii) enables evolution of the knowledge when new problems and solutions emerge. In this paper, we provide systematic steps for eliciting requirements leading to the creation of patterns and families and show the applicability of the Goal-oriented Pattern Family framework in this novel context. We improve the framework's infrastructure and include the concept of indicator in the framework in order to facilitate the reuse of compliance measurement approaches, in context.
2013 6th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2013
Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory i... more Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory institutions shift towards outcome-based regulations, they increasingly adopt legislation performance modeling, at the basis of regulatory intelligence. In this context, performance modeling refers to the measuring of important business aspects in a coordinated manner and the use of these measurements for improved decision making. Considering that in many cases regulatory texts already exist, it is necessary to build a performance model based on existing regulations that may be still prescriptive rather than outcome-based. The process of turning the underlying textual legislation into a formal performance model that can be assessed by Business Intelligence (BI) tools is complicated due to organizational, cultural, and technological reasons. In this paper, we present a methodology from a technical perspective that enables regulatory institutions to reason about regulations and compliance with regulations as new dimensions. We demonstrate the methodology using traffic law as an example regulation, jUCMNav for performance modeling, and IBM Cognos for BI reporting.
2012 Second IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa), 2012
ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of ... more ABSTRACT Outcome-based regulations focus on measurable goals rather than on prescriptive ways of achieving these goals. As regulators start evolving regulations towards an outcome-based approach, it becomes important to reuse knowledge about existing problems and solutions, and patterns are known to be a means of increasing reusability. Regulatory parties can benefit from a pattern-based framework that (i) lays down a foundation for capturing knowledge about business goals and processes, (ii) provides methods for reusing this knowledge by extracting and customizing models for specific stakeholders, and (iii) enables evolution of the knowledge when new problems and solutions emerge. In this paper, we provide systematic steps for eliciting requirements leading to the creation of patterns and families and show the applicability of the Goal-oriented Pattern Family framework in this novel context. We improve the framework's infrastructure and include the concept of indicator in the framework in order to facilitate the reuse of compliance measurement approaches, in context.
Non-functional requirements such as availability, reliability, and security are often crucial in ... more Non-functional requirements such as availability, reliability, and security are often crucial in designing and implementing distributed real-time systems. As a result, such non-functional requirements should be addressed as early as possible in the system development life-cycle. The widespread interest in dependability modeling and analysis techniques at the requirements elicitation and analysis stage provides the major motivation for this research. This paper presents a novel approach to describe high-level availability requirements using the Aspect-oriented Use Case Maps (AoUCM) language. AoUCM adds aspects-oriented concepts to the Use Case Maps (UCM) language, part of the ITU-T User Requirements Notation (URN) standard. The proposed approach relies on a mapping of availability architectural tactics to reusable AoUCM models, allowing availability tactics to be encapsulated early in the software development life-cylce. Initial tool support for the resulting availability extensions, is provided by the jUCMNav tool. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach using a case study of Lawful Intercept (LI), an IP router feature.
2013 6th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2013
Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory i... more Regulations are a source of evolving requirements for products and organizations. As regulatory institutions shift towards outcome-based regulations, they increasingly adopt legislation performance modeling, at the basis of regulatory intelligence. In this context, performance modeling refers to the measuring of important business aspects in a coordinated manner and the use of these measurements for improved decision making. Considering that in many cases regulatory texts already exist, it is necessary to build a performance model based on existing regulations that may be still prescriptive rather than outcome-based. The process of turning the underlying textual legislation into a formal performance model that can be assessed by Business Intelligence (BI) tools is complicated due to organizational, cultural, and technological reasons. In this paper, we present a methodology from a technical perspective that enables regulatory institutions to reason about regulations and compliance with regulations as new dimensions. We demonstrate the methodology using traffic law as an example regulation, jUCMNav for performance modeling, and IBM Cognos for BI reporting.
Goal modeling is an important part of various types of activities such as requirements engineerin... more Goal modeling is an important part of various types of activities such as requirements engineering, business management, and compliance assessment. The Goal-oriented Requirement Language is a standard and mature goal modeling language supported by the jUCMNav tool. However, recent applications of GRL to a regulatory context highlighted several analysis issues and limitations whose resolutions are urgent, and also likely applicable to other languages and tools. This paper investigates issues related to the computation of strategy and model differences, the management of complexity and uncertainty, sensitivity analysis, and various domain-specific considerations. For each, a solution is proposed, implemented in jUCMNav, and illustrated through simple examples. These solutions greatly increase the analysis capabilities of GRL and jUCMNav in order to handle real problems.
2012 20th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2012
Transport Canada is reviewing its Aviation Security regulations in a multi-year modernization pro... more Transport Canada is reviewing its Aviation Security regulations in a multi-year modernization process. As part of this review, consideration is given to transitioning regulations where appropriate from a prescriptive style to an outcomebased style. This raises new technical and cultural challenges related to how to measure compliance. This paper reports on a novel approach used to model regulations with the Goaloriented Requirement Language, augmented with qualitative indicators. These models are used to guide the generation of questions for inspection activities, enable a flexible conversion of real-world data into goal satisfaction levels, and facilitate compliance analysis. A new propagation mechanism enables the evaluation of the compliance level of an organization. This outcome-based approach is expected to help get a more precise understanding of who complies with what, while highlighting opportunities for improving existing regulatory elements.
2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2012
The performance modeling of regulations is a relatively recent innovation. However, as regulators... more The performance modeling of regulations is a relatively recent innovation. However, as regulators in many domains increasingly look to move from prescriptive regulations towards more outcome-based regulations, the use of performance modeling will become more common place. The major difference of outcome-based regulations over prescriptive regulations is that the main interest lies in specifying clear objectives of the regulations and measuring whether regulated parties achieve these objectives, while leaving much freedom to the regulated party on how to meet these objectives. Recently, we have found that the use of performance modeling provides benefits such as revealing inconsistencies and lack of clarity in existing regulatory language. In this paper, we report on these experiences, summarize guidelines for the modeling of regulations, and examine whether the current drafting processes for regulations are optimized to take advantage of these additional benefits. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of various ways of augmenting the current approach with goal-oriented modeling of regulations. Based on our experience with Aviation Security regulations, we believe it is time for modeling to play a new role in helping to guide the drafting of regulations.
Ninth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, 2005
Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces is not an easy task due to the sheer si... more Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces is not an easy task due to the sheer size of typical traces. In this paper, we describe a novel technique for achieving this. Our approach is based on filtering traces by distinguishing the utility components from the ones that implement high-level concepts. In the paper, we first define the concept of utilities; then we present an algorithm based on fan-in analysis that can be used for the detection of utilities. To represent the high-level behavioral models, we explore the Use Case Map (UCM) notation, which is a language used to describe and understand emergent behavior of complex and dynamic systems. Finally, we test the validity of our approach on an object-oriented system called TConfig.
Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selec... more Precision in goal models can be enhanced using quantitative rather than qualitative scales. Selecting appropriate values is however often difficult, especially when groups of stakeholders are involved. This paper identifies and compares generic and domain-specific group decision approaches for selecting quantitative values in goal models. It then reports on the use of two approaches targeting quantitative contributions, actor importance, and indicator definitions in the Goal-oriented Requirement Language. The approaches have been deployed in two independent branches of the Canadian government.
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Papers by Edna Braun