Thesis Chapters by Evrard Karol EKOUEDJEN
Renewable energies are at the forefront of sustainable solutions against global warming. Among th... more Renewable energies are at the forefront of sustainable solutions against global warming. Among these, we can mention the energy biomass that contributes to energy self-sufficiency and the improvement of the living environment. In this context, energy conversion solutions for waste are increasingly being considered. Thus, in the first place, there is the methanisation which has many advantages. However, the energy conversion of biomass is not always optimized. This is what justifies the present work which aims to optimize the production of biogas by acting on a key parameter, related to the quality of the substrate: the C/N ratio of the substrate. A mathematical model has been developed for predicting the molar composition of methane as a function of the C/N ratio of the substrate. The proposed model derives from the AMH2N model and was solved numerically in the SCILAB software with the Runge Kutta method at order 4. The implementation of this model showed that the cumulated production of methane increases with the C/N ratio of substrate up to a given value, beyond which this production falls. This model was then validated by conducting a comparative study with experimental results from the literature. It emerges from these different comparative studies that the proposed model is valid, since it gives results close to the experimental results.
Keywords: Methanisation, Optimize, Energy, Biogas, Waste, C/N ratio
Papers by Evrard Karol EKOUEDJEN
International Journal of Advanced Research, Mar 31, 2020
Energy justice and energy poverty are booming concepts in West Africa and in Benin. This paper pr... more Energy justice and energy poverty are booming concepts in West Africa and in Benin. This paper presents a literature review on both energy justice in Benin and on energy poverty measurement approaches. Evidence suggests that in developing countries, energy poverty is related to access to modern and affordable energy sources. They also indicate that energy injustices happen in Benin and are not perceived everywhere in the same way. Perception differs according to geographical location, social status and gender. Results showed that 60.63% of surveyed people hadn't been consulted by the government about energy policies making. In the other hand, energy poverty is favored by low income, high energy costs and inefficiency or low energy efficiency. Beninese consumes very little electricity (about 3%), a lot of biomass (51%) and the rest in hydrocarbons (46%). According to (International Energy Agency, 2017) Benin has an electricity access rate of 32% compared with an average of 52% for West Africa. This rate is 11% in rural areas and 56% in urban areas. The multidimensional index of energy poverty (MEPI) reveals that Benin with a score of 0.83 is energy poor. It also shows that energy efficiency remains the surest way of improving energy justice. The disparities in access to energy noted will be measured in future studies with appropriate measurement methods adapted to the context of Benin that will be developed including equipments energy efficiency.
Energy & Fuels
Several parameters influence anaerobic digestion, e.g., hydraulic retention time, temperature, pH... more Several parameters influence anaerobic digestion, e.g., hydraulic retention time, temperature, pH, pressure, C/N ratio, etc. This work presents the influence of the C/N ratio of the substrate on bi...
AIMS Energy
The use of inefficient cooking stoves puts great pressure on the forests, as well as poorly secur... more The use of inefficient cooking stoves puts great pressure on the forests, as well as poorly secured cookers pose health risks to the users. Improving the energy efficiency of cookstoves reduces biomass consumption and thus the anthropogenic pressure on forests. This work aims to identify the best charcoal cooking stove(s) in terms of energy performance, safety and sustainability. The proposed approach combines the combined study of the energy performance, safety and durability of charcoal cooking cookers. A representative sample of five types of charcoal stoves commonly used in Benin is tested according to the requirements of the ISO 19867 standard. These are the square cooking stove, the circular cooking stove, the clay cooking stove, the rim cooking stove and the Nansu cooking stove. The results show two stoves with the best performance: The Nansu stove with a total energy efficiency of 27.44% and an output of 0.9 kW and the clay stove with a total energy efficiency of 25.11% and an output of 0.71 kW. These two stoves are made of clay, while the other three are made of metal. The clay stove offers the best safety with an overall average rating of 71.5 compared to 66.5 for the Nansu stove. The Nansu stove has better durability than the clay stove. This study thus contributes to the preservation of the environment and health through the recommendation of efficient, safe and durable charcoal cookers to be promoted.
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Physico-chemical characteristics of ten tropical wood species in Benin were determined to identif... more Physico-chemical characteristics of ten tropical wood species in Benin were determined to identify the species with high bio-thermal conversion for carbonization (charcoal production). The wood species were obtained from Dassa-Zoume, Dan, and Djidja localities in Central region, where charcoal production is a major economic activity. The physico-chemical properties determined were elemental composition, fixed carbon content, volatile matter content, ash content, and calorific value. The species selection criteria was quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical method implemented by R-software package. The three wood species identified as most suitable for bio-thermal conversion were Burkea africana (Wild Syringa), Prosopis africana (Mesquite Iron Tree) and Bridelia ferruginea (Bridelia Yellow Cassia), which exhibited high calorific values, high fixed carbon levels and relatively low proportions of ash and volatile matter.
Cold is an energy extremely used at Benin Breweries Company (SO.BE.BRA), with different process s... more Cold is an energy extremely used at Benin Breweries Company (SO.BE.BRA), with different process stages of drinks' production. Refrigeration Installations Which Enable to Produce cold are great electrical energy- consuming. Indeed, their global consumption represents a great part of the global energy consumption of the entire industry (about 47 per cent). The current study enables to make the analysis of these installations working and to notice their poor energy efficiencies. This is due to several factors which are nothing but the isolation defects of refrigeration circuits, lack of regular care of different heat exchangers (condensers and evaporators), oversizing of certain equipment, the misuse of equipment etc. These total energy losses are about 20 per cent of the energy consumption of refrigeration installations that is 3 213, 09 kWh/day. At the end of this audit, it was put forward measures of energy efficiency in order to reduce the energy consumption of these installations. The implementation of those requires a total initial investment of 10 061 460 F CFA an amount of with a time of recovery evaluated at two (02) months, with the end of which the company will carry out profits of about 127 238 364 FCFA per year. This work has also environmental interest because less one consumes energy better one preserves nature.
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Thesis Chapters by Evrard Karol EKOUEDJEN
Keywords: Methanisation, Optimize, Energy, Biogas, Waste, C/N ratio
Papers by Evrard Karol EKOUEDJEN
Keywords: Methanisation, Optimize, Energy, Biogas, Waste, C/N ratio