Concentrations of iron, manganese, lead, nickel, and mercury in different tissues of Capoeta trut... more Concentrations of iron, manganese, lead, nickel, and mercury in different tissues of Capoeta trutta caught from various locations of Keban Dam Lake were determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Fe were higher than that of all other metals in all tissues except for muscle of fish captured at Agin (S4). Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni varied significantly among sites in all fish tissues (P 0.05). Fish caught from Pertek (S1), Kockale (S2) and Guluskur (S3) exhibited significantly higher levels of the metals in different tissues as compared to those caught at S4 site. The highest level of Fe (1064.67±487.06 mg kg -1 ), Mn (143.42±14.14 mg kg -1 ), Pb (18.27±1.25 mg kg -1 ), Ni (11.32±1.40 mg kg -1 ) and Hg (30.42±11.04 mg kg -1 ) were obtained from liver (S3), gill (S2), liver (S2), gill (S2) and kidney (S3) tissues, respectively. Close monitoring of metal accumulation and aquatic pollution of the Keban Dam Lake for all...
In this study, the river Munzur, the river Pulumur, and Uzunçayır Dam Lake, ten sampling stations... more In this study, the river Munzur, the river Pulumur, and Uzunçayır Dam Lake, ten sampling stations have been identified. For each station, in January, March and May, sulphate concentration was measured. For 120 days, every station, changing the concentration of sulphate, has been considered as the first-order reaction kinetics. Accordingly, the reaction constant k: 4,10 * 10-3 day-1 was calculated. According to the calculated reaction constant the final sulphate concentration of each station was calculated. Experimental and calculated final sulphate concentrations were compared. For ten stations, at the end of four months, changes in sulphate concentrations shown to be identified with first-order reaction kinetics.
Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2016
Immunological biomarkers reflect the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. In this s... more Immunological biomarkers reflect the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. In this study, the suitability and sensitivity of cytokine responses, interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gill tissues of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843), collected from different regions, as early warning indices of environmental pollution and ecosystem health was evaluated. Fish and water samples were taken from ten stations in March and September 2011 and 2012. Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were determined in samples of the gill tissues by using an ELISA kit. Significant variations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels observed between stations and seasons. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of cytokine responses in gills of Capoeta umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) water and are valuable biomarkers for environmental pollution and ecosystem health.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology, 2019
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of the biotransformation enzymes (Glutatyon ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of the biotransformation enzymes (Glutatyon S-Transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1)) and metabolic enzyme (Lactate dehydrogenase-LDH) in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after 24 and 48 hour exposure to 0.5, 1.0 and, 2.0 mg l-1 of Congo red (CR). Enzyme activities were determined by using commercial kits with ELISA method. Congo red altered the activities of GST, CYP1A, and LDH enzymes in liver tissue of O. mykiss in a dose-dependent manner. The statistical differences in GST activities among the groups for 24 and 48 h were significant, but, LDH activities were significant for only 24 h. Exposure duration of CR didn’t affect the biochemical response of rainbow trout. Thus, CR exposure changed the biotransformation and metabolic enzymes, and the changes of these enzymes activities may be used as a potential bioindicator of the CR exposure.
The aim of this work was to determine the seasonal changes in the activities of selected biomarke... more The aim of this work was to determine the seasonal changes in the activities of selected biomarkers in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) and to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on these activities. Fish were sampled on seasonal basis, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde in gills were determined. Significant variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were observed between seasons and sites. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of oxidative stress responses and lipid peroxidation in gills of C. umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake and selected parameters are in valuable biomarkers for monitoring of water systems, since they give an early warning signal of effects of xenobiotics on aquatic organisms at molecular levels which help to prevent their effects at organismal level.
This study was conducted to identify physico-chemical characteristics of water of Uzuncayir Dam L... more This study was conducted to identify physico-chemical characteristics of water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake, Tunceli. The aim of building of the dam lake was electric supply. During the study, the water samples were taken periodically from ten choosen stations in every two months. The measured data were given as following (minimum, average and maximum) for seven months: Water temperature (1,1-12,8-29,4 oC), pH (7,7-8,1-8,6), disolved oxygen (5,5-9,7-14,7 mg/L), BOİ5 (1-1,5-2 mg/L), acidity (101-154,3-285 mg/L), total hardness (12,5-26,4-67,6 mg/L), total alkalinity (66-132,1-198 mg/l), conductivity (148-276,9-381 μS/cm), suspended solid (0,03-1,04-3,03mg/L). According to the results it was identified that Uzuncayir Dam lake has cold and good quality water without a serious pollution problem in the dam lake.
The fish (84±1.02 g mean±SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), i... more The fish (84±1.02 g mean±SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), infected with Yersinia ruckeri (INF), and infected and essential oils (+EO). The CNT and INF groups were fed only with commercial fish feed. The +EO group was fed with feeds prepared with the rate of 10 ml herbal essential oils (mixed thyme and fennel) / 100 g feed during 21 days. The liver tissue (0.4 g) of fish was dissected in third day of the experimental period and mRNA transcription levels in liver tissue were determined by Real Time PCR analysis. INF and + EO groups exhibited decreased immunity against the challenging with Y. ruckeri infection (53.57 and 42.85 % mortality, respectively) when compared with CNT group (93.33 %). Gene mRNA transcription levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), serum amyloid A (SAA), that are responsible during the initiation and continuation of the inflammation increased in 1.86, 2.46, 1.62 and 55.7 fold change, respectively in INF group, whereas mRNA expressions of haptoglobin (Hp) decreased (1.2-fold change) in 3th day of experimental period. The +EO group eliminated the increase in all of the gene expressions.
Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and use... more Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and used as reliable indicators of fish health status to detect physiological changes following different stress conditions. This study was carried out to evaluate some haematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio caught in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey. The values of total red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Levels of amylase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), total protein (T-PROT), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (T-BIL), γ glutamyle tranferas (GGT), urea, creatinine, glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), uric acid (Uric-A), sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, chlorine were determined as 1.02
Uzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is polluted by domest... more Uzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is polluted by domestic wastewaters together with natural contamination and pesticides, which have had cumulatively negative effects. This study analyzes the effects of pollution by using the fish species, Capoeta umbla as a sentinel species, with a biomarker approach. The approach comprehends a general biomarker of individual fish health, the condition factor and specific biomarkers of contaminant exposure such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The general water physico-chemical parameters were measured at each sampling sites during each fish-sampling period. Strong seasonal and locational variations were observed among selected markers. In conclusion, the multibiomarker approach used in the present study clearly revealed differences in the fish health among reference and potentially contaminated sites. The study shows that changes of biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 1A1 might be useful for the assessment of environmental contamination in the Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey).
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012
Concentrations of metals were determined in the gills, liver, kidney, heart and muscle in Capoeta... more Concentrations of metals were determined in the gills, liver, kidney, heart and muscle in Capoeta umbla caught from six stations from the Munzur River system. Metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations (p \ 0.05).
Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylusEschscholtz, 1823) is the native crayfish species in Turkey. It wa... more Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylusEschscholtz, 1823) is the native crayfish species in Turkey. It was exported regularly to Western Europe. In this study, bioaccumulation and temporal trends of some trace elements (arsenic: As, cadmium: Cd, copper: Cu, mercury: Hg, lead: Pb, and zinc: Zn) in edible abdomen muscle of crayfish from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ, Turkey) were investigated for the 2006–2012 period. Sequence of metal concentration levels was Zn > Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd > As in muscle tissues. The highest concentration of Zn (21.69 mg kg−1) was detected in 2006, while the lowest (4.35 mg kg−1) in 2009. In general, it was found that the concentrations of trace elements investigated were lower than the maximum permissible limits of the food regulations of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock (MFAL), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC). If the crayfish selected for the study are recognized as bioindicators of environmental pollution, then it is ...
This study is aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in hemolymph of freshwate... more This study is aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in hemolymph of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) fed with zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) collected from Keban Dam Lake. This is the first study on bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in hemolymph of males and females of A. leptodactylus. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn in the hemolymph samples were found out as 0.54 and 35.07 ppm respectively for male and 0.42 and 15.59 ppm respectively for female control freshwater crayfish. The levels of Zn in the hemolymph of both male and female ones among control and diet groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The Cu levels among control and diet groups in female ones were statistically significant (P < 0.05) but not in the male ones (P > 0.05). The results of current study revealed that feed treatment with boiling was not effective at the levels of metal bioaccumulation in hemolymph. It was observed that this metal bioaccumulation is more related with sex differences.
Concentrations of iron, manganese, lead, nickel, and mercury in different tissues of Capoeta trut... more Concentrations of iron, manganese, lead, nickel, and mercury in different tissues of Capoeta trutta caught from various locations of Keban Dam Lake were determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Fe were higher than that of all other metals in all tissues except for muscle of fish captured at Agin (S4). Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni varied significantly among sites in all fish tissues (P 0.05). Fish caught from Pertek (S1), Kockale (S2) and Guluskur (S3) exhibited significantly higher levels of the metals in different tissues as compared to those caught at S4 site. The highest level of Fe (1064.67±487.06 mg kg -1 ), Mn (143.42±14.14 mg kg -1 ), Pb (18.27±1.25 mg kg -1 ), Ni (11.32±1.40 mg kg -1 ) and Hg (30.42±11.04 mg kg -1 ) were obtained from liver (S3), gill (S2), liver (S2), gill (S2) and kidney (S3) tissues, respectively. Close monitoring of metal accumulation and aquatic pollution of the Keban Dam Lake for all...
In this study, the river Munzur, the river Pulumur, and Uzunçayır Dam Lake, ten sampling stations... more In this study, the river Munzur, the river Pulumur, and Uzunçayır Dam Lake, ten sampling stations have been identified. For each station, in January, March and May, sulphate concentration was measured. For 120 days, every station, changing the concentration of sulphate, has been considered as the first-order reaction kinetics. Accordingly, the reaction constant k: 4,10 * 10-3 day-1 was calculated. According to the calculated reaction constant the final sulphate concentration of each station was calculated. Experimental and calculated final sulphate concentrations were compared. For ten stations, at the end of four months, changes in sulphate concentrations shown to be identified with first-order reaction kinetics.
Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2016
Immunological biomarkers reflect the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. In this s... more Immunological biomarkers reflect the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. In this study, the suitability and sensitivity of cytokine responses, interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gill tissues of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843), collected from different regions, as early warning indices of environmental pollution and ecosystem health was evaluated. Fish and water samples were taken from ten stations in March and September 2011 and 2012. Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were determined in samples of the gill tissues by using an ELISA kit. Significant variations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels observed between stations and seasons. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of cytokine responses in gills of Capoeta umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) water and are valuable biomarkers for environmental pollution and ecosystem health.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology, 2019
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of the biotransformation enzymes (Glutatyon ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of the biotransformation enzymes (Glutatyon S-Transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1)) and metabolic enzyme (Lactate dehydrogenase-LDH) in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after 24 and 48 hour exposure to 0.5, 1.0 and, 2.0 mg l-1 of Congo red (CR). Enzyme activities were determined by using commercial kits with ELISA method. Congo red altered the activities of GST, CYP1A, and LDH enzymes in liver tissue of O. mykiss in a dose-dependent manner. The statistical differences in GST activities among the groups for 24 and 48 h were significant, but, LDH activities were significant for only 24 h. Exposure duration of CR didn’t affect the biochemical response of rainbow trout. Thus, CR exposure changed the biotransformation and metabolic enzymes, and the changes of these enzymes activities may be used as a potential bioindicator of the CR exposure.
The aim of this work was to determine the seasonal changes in the activities of selected biomarke... more The aim of this work was to determine the seasonal changes in the activities of selected biomarkers in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) and to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on these activities. Fish were sampled on seasonal basis, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde in gills were determined. Significant variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were observed between seasons and sites. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of oxidative stress responses and lipid peroxidation in gills of C. umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake and selected parameters are in valuable biomarkers for monitoring of water systems, since they give an early warning signal of effects of xenobiotics on aquatic organisms at molecular levels which help to prevent their effects at organismal level.
This study was conducted to identify physico-chemical characteristics of water of Uzuncayir Dam L... more This study was conducted to identify physico-chemical characteristics of water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake, Tunceli. The aim of building of the dam lake was electric supply. During the study, the water samples were taken periodically from ten choosen stations in every two months. The measured data were given as following (minimum, average and maximum) for seven months: Water temperature (1,1-12,8-29,4 oC), pH (7,7-8,1-8,6), disolved oxygen (5,5-9,7-14,7 mg/L), BOİ5 (1-1,5-2 mg/L), acidity (101-154,3-285 mg/L), total hardness (12,5-26,4-67,6 mg/L), total alkalinity (66-132,1-198 mg/l), conductivity (148-276,9-381 μS/cm), suspended solid (0,03-1,04-3,03mg/L). According to the results it was identified that Uzuncayir Dam lake has cold and good quality water without a serious pollution problem in the dam lake.
The fish (84±1.02 g mean±SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), i... more The fish (84±1.02 g mean±SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), infected with Yersinia ruckeri (INF), and infected and essential oils (+EO). The CNT and INF groups were fed only with commercial fish feed. The +EO group was fed with feeds prepared with the rate of 10 ml herbal essential oils (mixed thyme and fennel) / 100 g feed during 21 days. The liver tissue (0.4 g) of fish was dissected in third day of the experimental period and mRNA transcription levels in liver tissue were determined by Real Time PCR analysis. INF and + EO groups exhibited decreased immunity against the challenging with Y. ruckeri infection (53.57 and 42.85 % mortality, respectively) when compared with CNT group (93.33 %). Gene mRNA transcription levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), serum amyloid A (SAA), that are responsible during the initiation and continuation of the inflammation increased in 1.86, 2.46, 1.62 and 55.7 fold change, respectively in INF group, whereas mRNA expressions of haptoglobin (Hp) decreased (1.2-fold change) in 3th day of experimental period. The +EO group eliminated the increase in all of the gene expressions.
Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and use... more Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and used as reliable indicators of fish health status to detect physiological changes following different stress conditions. This study was carried out to evaluate some haematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio caught in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey. The values of total red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Levels of amylase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), total protein (T-PROT), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (T-BIL), γ glutamyle tranferas (GGT), urea, creatinine, glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), uric acid (Uric-A), sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, chlorine were determined as 1.02
Uzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is polluted by domest... more Uzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is polluted by domestic wastewaters together with natural contamination and pesticides, which have had cumulatively negative effects. This study analyzes the effects of pollution by using the fish species, Capoeta umbla as a sentinel species, with a biomarker approach. The approach comprehends a general biomarker of individual fish health, the condition factor and specific biomarkers of contaminant exposure such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The general water physico-chemical parameters were measured at each sampling sites during each fish-sampling period. Strong seasonal and locational variations were observed among selected markers. In conclusion, the multibiomarker approach used in the present study clearly revealed differences in the fish health among reference and potentially contaminated sites. The study shows that changes of biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 1A1 might be useful for the assessment of environmental contamination in the Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey).
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012
Concentrations of metals were determined in the gills, liver, kidney, heart and muscle in Capoeta... more Concentrations of metals were determined in the gills, liver, kidney, heart and muscle in Capoeta umbla caught from six stations from the Munzur River system. Metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations (p \ 0.05).
Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylusEschscholtz, 1823) is the native crayfish species in Turkey. It wa... more Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylusEschscholtz, 1823) is the native crayfish species in Turkey. It was exported regularly to Western Europe. In this study, bioaccumulation and temporal trends of some trace elements (arsenic: As, cadmium: Cd, copper: Cu, mercury: Hg, lead: Pb, and zinc: Zn) in edible abdomen muscle of crayfish from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ, Turkey) were investigated for the 2006–2012 period. Sequence of metal concentration levels was Zn > Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd > As in muscle tissues. The highest concentration of Zn (21.69 mg kg−1) was detected in 2006, while the lowest (4.35 mg kg−1) in 2009. In general, it was found that the concentrations of trace elements investigated were lower than the maximum permissible limits of the food regulations of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock (MFAL), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC). If the crayfish selected for the study are recognized as bioindicators of environmental pollution, then it is ...
This study is aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in hemolymph of freshwate... more This study is aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in hemolymph of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) fed with zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) collected from Keban Dam Lake. This is the first study on bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in hemolymph of males and females of A. leptodactylus. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn in the hemolymph samples were found out as 0.54 and 35.07 ppm respectively for male and 0.42 and 15.59 ppm respectively for female control freshwater crayfish. The levels of Zn in the hemolymph of both male and female ones among control and diet groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The Cu levels among control and diet groups in female ones were statistically significant (P < 0.05) but not in the male ones (P > 0.05). The results of current study revealed that feed treatment with boiling was not effective at the levels of metal bioaccumulation in hemolymph. It was observed that this metal bioaccumulation is more related with sex differences.
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