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Dulacha Barako

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Aurélien Girard

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

Bertrand Poissonnier

INRAP, Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives

Alexander Treiger

Dalhousie University

Françoise Briquel Chatonnet

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research

François-Xavier Fauvelle

Collège de France

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Jean-Nicolas Bach

Kaleab T Sigatu

Miklós Zrínyi National Defense University (Hungary)

EHESS-Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales

Christian Mauder

Freie Universität Berlin

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Papers by Dulacha Barako

A global study of governmental action and inaction for prevention of money laundering

Corporate communication of the HIV/AIDA crisis in Africa

The anti‐money laundering activities of the central banks of Australia and Ukraine

Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a textual analysis of the anti money laundering practices of t... more PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a textual analysis of the anti money laundering practices of the central banks of Australia (Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)) and Ukraine (National Bank of Ukraine (NBU)).Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is performed two ways by both calculating a disclosure index and through use of textual analysis.FindingsThe results show very low levels of anti money laundering disclosures by both NBU and RBA with NBU usually showing more. Textual analysis reveals that the NBU is prepared to internalise its discussion on anti‐money laundering discussing wide‐ranging topics. There appears to be a concerted communication effort by NBU to tackle the issues of money laundering head‐on. Textual analysis of the RBA's four annual reports show a clipped discourse on anti‐money laundering, treating it as if it were a distant concern. Over the four year period, there is little acknowledgement in the way of RBA textual discourse that Australia is a jurisdiction ...

Determinants of voluntary disclosures in Kenyan companies annual reports

African Journal of Business Management, 2007

In recent years, the Kenyan Government has initiated reforms at the Nairobi Stock Exchange aimed ... more In recent years, the Kenyan Government has initiated reforms at the Nairobi Stock Exchange aimed at transforming the exchange into a vehicle for mobilising domestic savings and attracting foreign capital investments. Consequently, the corporate financial reporting, and in particular, the level of voluntary disclosure is a vital part of the process for building investor confidence (local and foreign) and trust. Drawing on prior corporate disclosure research, this study examines factors associated with voluntary disclosure of four types of information: general and strategic, financial, forward-looking, and social and board information in the annual reports of Kenyan companies. This study provides longitudinal examination of voluntary disclosure practices in the annual reports of listed companies in Kenya from 1992 to 2001. The study investigates the extent to which corporate governance attributes, ownership structure and company characteristics influence voluntary disclosure of variou...

Improving governance leads to improved corporate communication

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2008

Significant changes and reforms have been initiated around the world and in a Malaysian context w... more Significant changes and reforms have been initiated around the world and in a Malaysian context with the aim of enhancing corporate governance and transparency. The nature of these regulatory reforms clearly impacted on firm management's incentives to disclose information voluntarily. This study empirically examines the influence of corporate governance structure on voluntary disclosure practices of Malaysian listed firms from 1996 to 2001. This important timeframe encompasses the time period before the Asian Financial Crisis and the aftermath of regulatory reforms such as the revamped KLSE Listing Requirement released in 2001, widely recognized as a major milestone in Malaysian corporate governance reform through the enhanced corporate disclosure. Our findings show that the extent of voluntary communication is generally low, albeit showing an increase from 1996 to 2001. There is an increase in the number of corporate governance characteristics adopted by firms, suggesting firms exhibiting an improvement in the corporate governance structure. While corporate governance structure is not a significant explanatory variable in 1996, our results suggest that a firm's corporate governance structure has a significantly positive impact on voluntary disclosure in 2001. Large companies voluntarily disclose more information in both years. The implications are that a greater focus on corporate governance is resulting in an increase in transparency in the Malaysian setting. Corporate change is generating better corporate communication.

Evaluating Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives: A Country Perspective1

Evaluation of Journal of Australasia, 2009

Kenya faces a number of challenges in countering anti-money laundering (AML) activities and devel... more Kenya faces a number of challenges in countering anti-money laundering (AML) activities and developing appropriate policy measures to avert and contain the adverse socioeconomic consequences of money laundering. Through textual documentation, direct observation and semi-structured interviews, this article outlines the findings of a study about the awareness and attitudes of key Kenyan stakeholder groups towards recent anti-money laundering legislation. Invoking Brown, Tower and Taplin's (2004) typology of financially classified stakeholder groups, this study finds that the proposed anti-money laundering legislation raises a number of diverse views on Kenyan AML initiatives that makes carrying out the results of an evaluation of the AML legislation highly problematic. Kenya is a founding member of the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG), which consists of 14 member countries all located in eastern and southern Africa (ESAAMLG 2008-see the appendix for further details). According to the Memorandum of Understanding by member countries of ESAAMLG, the main objectives are to implement the 40 recommendations plus special recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FAFT), apply anti-money laundering measures to all serious crimes, implement measures to combat the financing of terrorism and implement other measures contained in multilateral agreements (ESAAMLG 2008). In addition, Kenya has ratified all United Nations treaties and resolutions on money laundering and terrorist financing, a gesture that symbolises its commitment to adopt a consistent international approach to the global anti-money laundering framework (World Bank 2003). The current challenge facing Kenya is to establish a legislated regulatory framework to combat money laundering. In recent times, the Proceeds of Crime and Money Laundering (Prevention) Bill 2008 and the Anti Terrorism Bill 2008 have been tabled in parliament and is in its Second Reading, but this Bill has undergone frequent revisions and re-revisions and poses a conundrum among a wide array of stakeholder groups, not least because

HIV/AIDS disclosures by oil and gas companies

Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, Apr 1, 2008

ABSTRACT

Corporate governance and bank performance: Does ownership matter? Evidence from the Kenyan banking sector

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2007

This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of t... more This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ownership structure characteristics and bank performance. Data utilised in the study is collected from the Financial Institutions Department of the Central Bank of Kenya, both on-site inspection reports and off-site surveillance records. Empirical results indicate that ownership structure of banks significantly influence their financial performance. In particular, board and government ownership are significantly and negatively associated with bank performance, whereas foreign ownership is strongly positively associated with bank performance, and institutional shareholders have no impact on the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. The study makes a significant contribution to financial research by extending examination of banks performance to a developing country context beyond the usual confines of the developed western economies, and adds to the small number of similar studies in the African context. The results are consistent with prior research findings, and more importantly, presents statistical justification for pursuing further corporate governance reforms with respect to banks' ownership structure to enhance the financial stability of the sector.

The Corporate Governance of the Kenyan Public Sector

As a former British colony, Kenya has inherited comparable Westminster institutional settings, ge... more As a former British colony, Kenya has inherited comparable Westminster institutional settings, generating both statutory and customary laws since independence in 1963 and maintaining a reasonable degree of macro-economic stability (Nolte and Vath 2015). The governance of the Kenyan government with respect to public financial management oversight falls under the Office of the Auditor General of Kenya (OAGK), which is described in its service charter as ‘the lead agency in promoting good governance and accountability in the management of public resources’ (OAGK 2014, p. i).

HIV/AIDS Information by African Companies: An Empirical Analysis

Journal of Asian and African Studies, Aug 1, 2010

This article investigates the extent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency S... more This article investigates the extent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Disclosures (HIV/AIDSD) in online annual reports by 200 listed companies from 10 African countries for the year ending 2006. Descriptive statistics reveal a very low level of overall HIV/AIDSD practices with a mean of 6 per cent disclosure, with half (100 out of 200) of the African companies making no disclosures at all. Logistic regression analysis reveals that company size and country are highly significant predictors of any disclosure of HIV/AIDS in annual reports. Profitability is also statistically significantly associated with the extent of disclosure.

Exploring antenatal care experiences amongst pastoralist communities in Kenya: a focused ethnographic study

Access to and use of the material held within the University of Nottingham's Institutional Reposi... more

Factors influencing application of evidence-based practice among nurses

African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 2012

Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the application of care that is based on scientific eviden... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the application of care that is based on scientific evidence, to ensure the delivery of quality patient care. Generally, there is a dearth of documentary evidence on the evolution of EBP and standardization of nursing practice in the developing world. This study was conducted to determine factors influencing application of EBP specifically at the Kenyatta National Hospital, in Nairobi, Kenya. Nurses working in medical and surgical wards, the surgical outpatient clinic (SOPC) and medical outpatient clinics (MOPC) were purposefully selected. A sample size of 156 was determined, with 130 nurses consenting to be interviewed and 14 nurse managers discussing and informing the interview guide to gather qualitative facts and to determine their knowledge on EBP and the extent of EBP application in the wards. Results of the descriptive analysis suggested that over 92% of the respondents agreed that EBP was not widely used and not factored into current pr...

Corporate social reporting and board representation: evidence from the Kenyan banking sector

Journal of Management & Governance, 2008

The paper examines the influence of gender and board representation on communication of corporate... more The paper examines the influence of gender and board representation on communication of corporate social reporting by Kenyan banks. The descriptive statistical analysis reveals that the level of corporate social disclosure by Kenyan banks is low with a mean of 15%, indicating that disclosure of corporate governance information is not of primary concern to Kenyan banks. In particular, there is a complete lack of disclosure on the categories of Recruitments, Employment of Special Groups, Assistance to Retiring Employees, Employees Productivity and Turnover. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that board representation can fundamentally improve corporate communication. A higher level of women representation and independent directors greatly improves disclosure.

Fiscal Decentralization and Determinants of Property Tax Performance in Kenya: Cross-County Analysis

Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2015

This study investigates determinants of property tax performance across 47 counties in Kenya. We ... more This study investigates determinants of property tax performance across 47 counties in Kenya. We aim to contribute to limited empirical research in developing countries on factors contributing to low property tax performance. Though property tax is considered ideal for sub-national governments, its performance in Kenya is not only low but its share in both gross domestic product and own-source revenues are declining. There is growing consensus among fiscal decentralization experts that adequate own-source revenue for sub-national governments is a precondition for successful fiscal decentralization. In 2010 Kenya promulgated a new Constitution that mandates sub-national governments with more fiscal responsibilities; hence performance of property tax in Kenya is of immense policy interests than ever before. Past policy efforts to reform property tax in Kenya has hardly yielded positive results. The results show that urbanization, population density and administration capacity are key ...

Determinants of micro and small enterprises growth in Kenya

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2017

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of investment climate and firm-sp... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of investment climate and firm-specific variables on the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilized a cross-section survey data of 2,536 MSEs in Kenya. Using the sales growth as the dependent variable, the paper tests the hypotheses that investment climate variables – entrepreneur perception of fairness and affordability of the courts in dealing with commercial disputes, access to formal credit, connections to utilities, crime incidences; and firm-specific resources affect MSE growth. Findings Positive entrepreneur perception of the fairness and affordability of the courts, access to formal credit, connections to utilities, lower incidences of crime, entrepreneur education and experience positively affect MSE growth. Research limitations/implications Although the context of the study is Kenya, the study has relevance to other developing countries especially Sub-...

The determinants of corporate disclosures of anti-money laundering initiatives by Kenyan commercial banks

Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the extent and drivers of anti-money laundering (AML) disclosur... more PurposeThis study aims to examine the extent and drivers of anti-money laundering (AML) disclosures in the audited annual reports of regional listed banks in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Financial Action Task Force recommendations and other guidelines, the authors develop an AML disclosure index that is used to score the extent of AML disclosures by banks. A sample of 15 listed regional banks in Kenya over the period of 2007-2017 is used. Using this sample, the authors performed fixed-effects regressions to identify the significant determinants of AML disclosures.FindingsThe study establishes a low level of AML disclosures in the audited annual reports of sampled banks. The extent to which the AML disclosures improved across three distinct regulatory regimes over the period of 2007-2017 is reported. The authors find that the AML disclosures are largely driven by corporate governance (board size and audit committee size) and the ratio of diaspora remittances to GDP.Prac...

A global study of governmental action and inaction for prevention of money laundering

Corporate communication of the HIV/AIDA crisis in Africa

The anti‐money laundering activities of the central banks of Australia and Ukraine

Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a textual analysis of the anti money laundering practices of t... more PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a textual analysis of the anti money laundering practices of the central banks of Australia (Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)) and Ukraine (National Bank of Ukraine (NBU)).Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is performed two ways by both calculating a disclosure index and through use of textual analysis.FindingsThe results show very low levels of anti money laundering disclosures by both NBU and RBA with NBU usually showing more. Textual analysis reveals that the NBU is prepared to internalise its discussion on anti‐money laundering discussing wide‐ranging topics. There appears to be a concerted communication effort by NBU to tackle the issues of money laundering head‐on. Textual analysis of the RBA's four annual reports show a clipped discourse on anti‐money laundering, treating it as if it were a distant concern. Over the four year period, there is little acknowledgement in the way of RBA textual discourse that Australia is a jurisdiction ...

Determinants of voluntary disclosures in Kenyan companies annual reports

African Journal of Business Management, 2007

In recent years, the Kenyan Government has initiated reforms at the Nairobi Stock Exchange aimed ... more In recent years, the Kenyan Government has initiated reforms at the Nairobi Stock Exchange aimed at transforming the exchange into a vehicle for mobilising domestic savings and attracting foreign capital investments. Consequently, the corporate financial reporting, and in particular, the level of voluntary disclosure is a vital part of the process for building investor confidence (local and foreign) and trust. Drawing on prior corporate disclosure research, this study examines factors associated with voluntary disclosure of four types of information: general and strategic, financial, forward-looking, and social and board information in the annual reports of Kenyan companies. This study provides longitudinal examination of voluntary disclosure practices in the annual reports of listed companies in Kenya from 1992 to 2001. The study investigates the extent to which corporate governance attributes, ownership structure and company characteristics influence voluntary disclosure of variou...

Improving governance leads to improved corporate communication

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2008

Significant changes and reforms have been initiated around the world and in a Malaysian context w... more Significant changes and reforms have been initiated around the world and in a Malaysian context with the aim of enhancing corporate governance and transparency. The nature of these regulatory reforms clearly impacted on firm management's incentives to disclose information voluntarily. This study empirically examines the influence of corporate governance structure on voluntary disclosure practices of Malaysian listed firms from 1996 to 2001. This important timeframe encompasses the time period before the Asian Financial Crisis and the aftermath of regulatory reforms such as the revamped KLSE Listing Requirement released in 2001, widely recognized as a major milestone in Malaysian corporate governance reform through the enhanced corporate disclosure. Our findings show that the extent of voluntary communication is generally low, albeit showing an increase from 1996 to 2001. There is an increase in the number of corporate governance characteristics adopted by firms, suggesting firms exhibiting an improvement in the corporate governance structure. While corporate governance structure is not a significant explanatory variable in 1996, our results suggest that a firm's corporate governance structure has a significantly positive impact on voluntary disclosure in 2001. Large companies voluntarily disclose more information in both years. The implications are that a greater focus on corporate governance is resulting in an increase in transparency in the Malaysian setting. Corporate change is generating better corporate communication.

Evaluating Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives: A Country Perspective1

Evaluation of Journal of Australasia, 2009

Kenya faces a number of challenges in countering anti-money laundering (AML) activities and devel... more Kenya faces a number of challenges in countering anti-money laundering (AML) activities and developing appropriate policy measures to avert and contain the adverse socioeconomic consequences of money laundering. Through textual documentation, direct observation and semi-structured interviews, this article outlines the findings of a study about the awareness and attitudes of key Kenyan stakeholder groups towards recent anti-money laundering legislation. Invoking Brown, Tower and Taplin's (2004) typology of financially classified stakeholder groups, this study finds that the proposed anti-money laundering legislation raises a number of diverse views on Kenyan AML initiatives that makes carrying out the results of an evaluation of the AML legislation highly problematic. Kenya is a founding member of the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG), which consists of 14 member countries all located in eastern and southern Africa (ESAAMLG 2008-see the appendix for further details). According to the Memorandum of Understanding by member countries of ESAAMLG, the main objectives are to implement the 40 recommendations plus special recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FAFT), apply anti-money laundering measures to all serious crimes, implement measures to combat the financing of terrorism and implement other measures contained in multilateral agreements (ESAAMLG 2008). In addition, Kenya has ratified all United Nations treaties and resolutions on money laundering and terrorist financing, a gesture that symbolises its commitment to adopt a consistent international approach to the global anti-money laundering framework (World Bank 2003). The current challenge facing Kenya is to establish a legislated regulatory framework to combat money laundering. In recent times, the Proceeds of Crime and Money Laundering (Prevention) Bill 2008 and the Anti Terrorism Bill 2008 have been tabled in parliament and is in its Second Reading, but this Bill has undergone frequent revisions and re-revisions and poses a conundrum among a wide array of stakeholder groups, not least because

HIV/AIDS disclosures by oil and gas companies

Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, Apr 1, 2008

ABSTRACT

Corporate governance and bank performance: Does ownership matter? Evidence from the Kenyan banking sector

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2007

This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of t... more This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ownership structure characteristics and bank performance. Data utilised in the study is collected from the Financial Institutions Department of the Central Bank of Kenya, both on-site inspection reports and off-site surveillance records. Empirical results indicate that ownership structure of banks significantly influence their financial performance. In particular, board and government ownership are significantly and negatively associated with bank performance, whereas foreign ownership is strongly positively associated with bank performance, and institutional shareholders have no impact on the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. The study makes a significant contribution to financial research by extending examination of banks performance to a developing country context beyond the usual confines of the developed western economies, and adds to the small number of similar studies in the African context. The results are consistent with prior research findings, and more importantly, presents statistical justification for pursuing further corporate governance reforms with respect to banks' ownership structure to enhance the financial stability of the sector.

The Corporate Governance of the Kenyan Public Sector

As a former British colony, Kenya has inherited comparable Westminster institutional settings, ge... more As a former British colony, Kenya has inherited comparable Westminster institutional settings, generating both statutory and customary laws since independence in 1963 and maintaining a reasonable degree of macro-economic stability (Nolte and Vath 2015). The governance of the Kenyan government with respect to public financial management oversight falls under the Office of the Auditor General of Kenya (OAGK), which is described in its service charter as ‘the lead agency in promoting good governance and accountability in the management of public resources’ (OAGK 2014, p. i).

HIV/AIDS Information by African Companies: An Empirical Analysis

Journal of Asian and African Studies, Aug 1, 2010

This article investigates the extent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency S... more This article investigates the extent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Disclosures (HIV/AIDSD) in online annual reports by 200 listed companies from 10 African countries for the year ending 2006. Descriptive statistics reveal a very low level of overall HIV/AIDSD practices with a mean of 6 per cent disclosure, with half (100 out of 200) of the African companies making no disclosures at all. Logistic regression analysis reveals that company size and country are highly significant predictors of any disclosure of HIV/AIDS in annual reports. Profitability is also statistically significantly associated with the extent of disclosure.

Exploring antenatal care experiences amongst pastoralist communities in Kenya: a focused ethnographic study

Access to and use of the material held within the University of Nottingham's Institutional Reposi... more

Factors influencing application of evidence-based practice among nurses

African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 2012

Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the application of care that is based on scientific eviden... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the application of care that is based on scientific evidence, to ensure the delivery of quality patient care. Generally, there is a dearth of documentary evidence on the evolution of EBP and standardization of nursing practice in the developing world. This study was conducted to determine factors influencing application of EBP specifically at the Kenyatta National Hospital, in Nairobi, Kenya. Nurses working in medical and surgical wards, the surgical outpatient clinic (SOPC) and medical outpatient clinics (MOPC) were purposefully selected. A sample size of 156 was determined, with 130 nurses consenting to be interviewed and 14 nurse managers discussing and informing the interview guide to gather qualitative facts and to determine their knowledge on EBP and the extent of EBP application in the wards. Results of the descriptive analysis suggested that over 92% of the respondents agreed that EBP was not widely used and not factored into current pr...

Corporate social reporting and board representation: evidence from the Kenyan banking sector

Journal of Management & Governance, 2008

The paper examines the influence of gender and board representation on communication of corporate... more The paper examines the influence of gender and board representation on communication of corporate social reporting by Kenyan banks. The descriptive statistical analysis reveals that the level of corporate social disclosure by Kenyan banks is low with a mean of 15%, indicating that disclosure of corporate governance information is not of primary concern to Kenyan banks. In particular, there is a complete lack of disclosure on the categories of Recruitments, Employment of Special Groups, Assistance to Retiring Employees, Employees Productivity and Turnover. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that board representation can fundamentally improve corporate communication. A higher level of women representation and independent directors greatly improves disclosure.

Fiscal Decentralization and Determinants of Property Tax Performance in Kenya: Cross-County Analysis

Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2015

This study investigates determinants of property tax performance across 47 counties in Kenya. We ... more This study investigates determinants of property tax performance across 47 counties in Kenya. We aim to contribute to limited empirical research in developing countries on factors contributing to low property tax performance. Though property tax is considered ideal for sub-national governments, its performance in Kenya is not only low but its share in both gross domestic product and own-source revenues are declining. There is growing consensus among fiscal decentralization experts that adequate own-source revenue for sub-national governments is a precondition for successful fiscal decentralization. In 2010 Kenya promulgated a new Constitution that mandates sub-national governments with more fiscal responsibilities; hence performance of property tax in Kenya is of immense policy interests than ever before. Past policy efforts to reform property tax in Kenya has hardly yielded positive results. The results show that urbanization, population density and administration capacity are key ...

Determinants of micro and small enterprises growth in Kenya

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2017

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of investment climate and firm-sp... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of investment climate and firm-specific variables on the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilized a cross-section survey data of 2,536 MSEs in Kenya. Using the sales growth as the dependent variable, the paper tests the hypotheses that investment climate variables – entrepreneur perception of fairness and affordability of the courts in dealing with commercial disputes, access to formal credit, connections to utilities, crime incidences; and firm-specific resources affect MSE growth. Findings Positive entrepreneur perception of the fairness and affordability of the courts, access to formal credit, connections to utilities, lower incidences of crime, entrepreneur education and experience positively affect MSE growth. Research limitations/implications Although the context of the study is Kenya, the study has relevance to other developing countries especially Sub-...

The determinants of corporate disclosures of anti-money laundering initiatives by Kenyan commercial banks

Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the extent and drivers of anti-money laundering (AML) disclosur... more PurposeThis study aims to examine the extent and drivers of anti-money laundering (AML) disclosures in the audited annual reports of regional listed banks in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Financial Action Task Force recommendations and other guidelines, the authors develop an AML disclosure index that is used to score the extent of AML disclosures by banks. A sample of 15 listed regional banks in Kenya over the period of 2007-2017 is used. Using this sample, the authors performed fixed-effects regressions to identify the significant determinants of AML disclosures.FindingsThe study establishes a low level of AML disclosures in the audited annual reports of sampled banks. The extent to which the AML disclosures improved across three distinct regulatory regimes over the period of 2007-2017 is reported. The authors find that the AML disclosures are largely driven by corporate governance (board size and audit committee size) and the ratio of diaspora remittances to GDP.Prac...