International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things
Many of the problems arising from a technology-driven information-intensive environment that coul... more Many of the problems arising from a technology-driven information-intensive environment that could have been avoided occur because we are either insensitive to or ignorant of their ethical implications. Consequently, data protection remains a chronic, expensive nightmare despite the big speeding on cybersecurity. Ethical computing can play a role in identifying the ethical issues, key stakeholders, and reaching a near-ideal solution vis-à-vis an ideal solution. Hyperconnectivity threats that inherit all the IoT threats plus all the vulnerabilities of the physical objects and virtual subsystems that IoT connects (subsumed under the heads of security and privacy) to serve some purposeful objectives change not the environment but intensify the urgency for a remedy. Ethical computing is assistive in reaching that near-ideal solution.
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2018
Ethical Computing is instrumental in identifying and reaching a near-ideal solution to the proble... more Ethical Computing is instrumental in identifying and reaching a near-ideal solution to the problems arising from an environment that is technology-driven information-intensive. Many of these problems could have been avoided, occur, because we are either insensitive to or ignorant of their ethical implications. As a result, we could reach only a partial, compromised solution at best. An ideal solution is expected to be technically efficient, financially viable and legal admissible, ethically acceptable, socially desirable, and in many situations environmentally-friendly (the so-called hexa-dimension criteria), and balanced in terms the six criteria or five criteria (in case the problem does not involve ecological concerns). An exposition of an ideal solution in terms of the requisite competence and the additive is presented.
Data protection is a chronic problem. Technology has had a social and ethical impact on our profe... more Data protection is a chronic problem. Technology has had a social and ethical impact on our professional, social, and private lives. It is imperative for computing practitioners and researchers to link the ethical dilemmas and the technologies to the relevant ethical theories. This paper argues that the cause is rooted in our indifference to ethics—one doesn't take ethics as seriously into consideration as one should when formulating information security policies and protection standards—and proposes an ethics-based approach that can lessen the incidence of hacking or make hacking exasperate, aiming at mitigation rather than eradication. Central to this approach is ethical computing preconditioned on a sound understanding of the applicable theories of ethics and a shift of view of risk and ethics.
Computers change our life at personal, social and international level. The outcome of these chang... more Computers change our life at personal, social and international level. The outcome of these changes may be beneficial or harmful, and are often beyond our anticipation. This raises questions of right or wrong, good or bad. These questions often defy explanations based on traditional moral doctrines and long adopted business conventions. We studied the impact of computers on traditional ethical principles. We also studied the ethical implications arising from managing information security. We found grounds that arguably support our assertion.
is an appointed expert to the Identity Management and Privacy Technologies Working Group (SC27 WG... more is an appointed expert to the Identity Management and Privacy Technologies Working Group (SC27 WG5) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). His research interests are in technological impact on privacy, accountability and Asia privacy laws.
Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 2021
The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus int... more The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus intensifying the urgency for resolving cyberethical dilemmas. At the same time, we spend a lot on cybersecurity, yet still get hacked whereby, it is argued, a hidden cause transpires - we don't take ethics seriously due to a poor understanding of ethics. Society in general and the computing technology community in particular recognize that ethics is important. However, corporate managers and information security operatives still fall for the fallacious ‘what's legal is ethical' or accept the relativistic ‘if Tom can do it then Dick can do it'. This is no surprise because the concepts of ethics seem plain and simple yet their implications abstruse. A guide for improving our knowledge of ethics and in the same vein discovering and identifying ethical issues and linking the issues to the relevant theories and technologies, and resolving the dilemmas will be desirable.
Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 2021
The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus int... more The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus intensifying the urgency for resolving cyberethical dilemmas. At the same time, we spend a lot on cybersecurity, yet still get hacked whereby, it is argued, a hidden cause transpires - we don't take ethics seriously due to a poor understanding of ethics. Society in general and the computing technology community in particular recognize that ethics is important. However, corporate managers and information security operatives still fall for the fallacious ‘what's legal is ethical' or accept the relativistic ‘if Tom can do it then Dick can do it'. This is no surprise because the concepts of ethics seem plain and simple yet their implications abstruse. A guide for improving our knowledge of ethics and in the same vein discovering and identifying ethical issues and linking the issues to the relevant theories and technologies, and resolving the dilemmas will be desirable.
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 2021
Exorbitant spending on cybersecurity continues; hacking proliferates and continues with the after... more Exorbitant spending on cybersecurity continues; hacking proliferates and continues with the aftermath getting more and more damaging, yet data protection must helplessly continue. This is attributable to a vicious circle and culminates in something akin to a chronic disease, aptly called a “chronic problem of data protection.” The situation is complicated by a tripartite relationship, called the “Law-Security-Ethics Connection,” and exacerbated by a muddled view of the key concepts, notably ethics, privacy, and risk, which hinders a wholesome appreciation of the problem. Given the status quo, an ethics-based framework was perceived and developed aiming to lessen the incidence of hacking or make hacking exasperate to mitigate rather than eradicate because hacker-free cyberspace is unrealistic and impossible. This chapter aims to introduce a remedy successively through an exposition of the symptom and cause of the problem, clearing the muddle, and an illustration of the tools: Ethical...
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2018
Cyberspace inhabitants live under threat of a complex data privacy protection problem in a techno... more Cyberspace inhabitants live under threat of a complex data privacy protection problem in a technology-dependent information-intensive phenomenon grown out of a vicious circle. The front-line Information security professionals are among the first to bear the brunt and are in dire need of guidance for enforcing effectively the policies and standards and mitigating the adverse consequences of data privacy breaches since the policy statements are invariably dated due to the rapid advances of the technology, limited to cope with techno-socio threats, inadequate to deal with the well-equipped and cunning cybercriminals, and vague and less than user-friendly, or simply difficult to absorb and follow. A framework that comprises the newly developed hexa-dimension code of practice based on the 6-dimension metric (represented by the LESTEF model) and an operationalization scheme are proposed, where the code in which the gist of the adopted policies is incorporated promises to be a handy refere...
... closely with Interactive computer Learning Anxiety and Observational Computer Learning Anxiet... more ... closely with Interactive computer Learning Anxiety and Observational Computer Learning Anxiety (respectively). ... education students to have an extremely good knowledge of the English language. ... of use and hours per week) correlate with positive attitudes towards computers ...
International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things
Many of the problems arising from a technology-driven information-intensive environment that coul... more Many of the problems arising from a technology-driven information-intensive environment that could have been avoided occur because we are either insensitive to or ignorant of their ethical implications. Consequently, data protection remains a chronic, expensive nightmare despite the big speeding on cybersecurity. Ethical computing can play a role in identifying the ethical issues, key stakeholders, and reaching a near-ideal solution vis-à-vis an ideal solution. Hyperconnectivity threats that inherit all the IoT threats plus all the vulnerabilities of the physical objects and virtual subsystems that IoT connects (subsumed under the heads of security and privacy) to serve some purposeful objectives change not the environment but intensify the urgency for a remedy. Ethical computing is assistive in reaching that near-ideal solution.
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2018
Ethical Computing is instrumental in identifying and reaching a near-ideal solution to the proble... more Ethical Computing is instrumental in identifying and reaching a near-ideal solution to the problems arising from an environment that is technology-driven information-intensive. Many of these problems could have been avoided, occur, because we are either insensitive to or ignorant of their ethical implications. As a result, we could reach only a partial, compromised solution at best. An ideal solution is expected to be technically efficient, financially viable and legal admissible, ethically acceptable, socially desirable, and in many situations environmentally-friendly (the so-called hexa-dimension criteria), and balanced in terms the six criteria or five criteria (in case the problem does not involve ecological concerns). An exposition of an ideal solution in terms of the requisite competence and the additive is presented.
Data protection is a chronic problem. Technology has had a social and ethical impact on our profe... more Data protection is a chronic problem. Technology has had a social and ethical impact on our professional, social, and private lives. It is imperative for computing practitioners and researchers to link the ethical dilemmas and the technologies to the relevant ethical theories. This paper argues that the cause is rooted in our indifference to ethics—one doesn't take ethics as seriously into consideration as one should when formulating information security policies and protection standards—and proposes an ethics-based approach that can lessen the incidence of hacking or make hacking exasperate, aiming at mitigation rather than eradication. Central to this approach is ethical computing preconditioned on a sound understanding of the applicable theories of ethics and a shift of view of risk and ethics.
Computers change our life at personal, social and international level. The outcome of these chang... more Computers change our life at personal, social and international level. The outcome of these changes may be beneficial or harmful, and are often beyond our anticipation. This raises questions of right or wrong, good or bad. These questions often defy explanations based on traditional moral doctrines and long adopted business conventions. We studied the impact of computers on traditional ethical principles. We also studied the ethical implications arising from managing information security. We found grounds that arguably support our assertion.
is an appointed expert to the Identity Management and Privacy Technologies Working Group (SC27 WG... more is an appointed expert to the Identity Management and Privacy Technologies Working Group (SC27 WG5) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). His research interests are in technological impact on privacy, accountability and Asia privacy laws.
Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 2021
The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus int... more The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus intensifying the urgency for resolving cyberethical dilemmas. At the same time, we spend a lot on cybersecurity, yet still get hacked whereby, it is argued, a hidden cause transpires - we don't take ethics seriously due to a poor understanding of ethics. Society in general and the computing technology community in particular recognize that ethics is important. However, corporate managers and information security operatives still fall for the fallacious ‘what's legal is ethical' or accept the relativistic ‘if Tom can do it then Dick can do it'. This is no surprise because the concepts of ethics seem plain and simple yet their implications abstruse. A guide for improving our knowledge of ethics and in the same vein discovering and identifying ethical issues and linking the issues to the relevant theories and technologies, and resolving the dilemmas will be desirable.
Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 2021
The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus int... more The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus intensifying the urgency for resolving cyberethical dilemmas. At the same time, we spend a lot on cybersecurity, yet still get hacked whereby, it is argued, a hidden cause transpires - we don't take ethics seriously due to a poor understanding of ethics. Society in general and the computing technology community in particular recognize that ethics is important. However, corporate managers and information security operatives still fall for the fallacious ‘what's legal is ethical' or accept the relativistic ‘if Tom can do it then Dick can do it'. This is no surprise because the concepts of ethics seem plain and simple yet their implications abstruse. A guide for improving our knowledge of ethics and in the same vein discovering and identifying ethical issues and linking the issues to the relevant theories and technologies, and resolving the dilemmas will be desirable.
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 2021
Exorbitant spending on cybersecurity continues; hacking proliferates and continues with the after... more Exorbitant spending on cybersecurity continues; hacking proliferates and continues with the aftermath getting more and more damaging, yet data protection must helplessly continue. This is attributable to a vicious circle and culminates in something akin to a chronic disease, aptly called a “chronic problem of data protection.” The situation is complicated by a tripartite relationship, called the “Law-Security-Ethics Connection,” and exacerbated by a muddled view of the key concepts, notably ethics, privacy, and risk, which hinders a wholesome appreciation of the problem. Given the status quo, an ethics-based framework was perceived and developed aiming to lessen the incidence of hacking or make hacking exasperate to mitigate rather than eradicate because hacker-free cyberspace is unrealistic and impossible. This chapter aims to introduce a remedy successively through an exposition of the symptom and cause of the problem, clearing the muddle, and an illustration of the tools: Ethical...
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2018
Cyberspace inhabitants live under threat of a complex data privacy protection problem in a techno... more Cyberspace inhabitants live under threat of a complex data privacy protection problem in a technology-dependent information-intensive phenomenon grown out of a vicious circle. The front-line Information security professionals are among the first to bear the brunt and are in dire need of guidance for enforcing effectively the policies and standards and mitigating the adverse consequences of data privacy breaches since the policy statements are invariably dated due to the rapid advances of the technology, limited to cope with techno-socio threats, inadequate to deal with the well-equipped and cunning cybercriminals, and vague and less than user-friendly, or simply difficult to absorb and follow. A framework that comprises the newly developed hexa-dimension code of practice based on the 6-dimension metric (represented by the LESTEF model) and an operationalization scheme are proposed, where the code in which the gist of the adopted policies is incorporated promises to be a handy refere...
... closely with Interactive computer Learning Anxiety and Observational Computer Learning Anxiet... more ... closely with Interactive computer Learning Anxiety and Observational Computer Learning Anxiety (respectively). ... education students to have an extremely good knowledge of the English language. ... of use and hours per week) correlate with positive attitudes towards computers ...
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Papers by Dr Wanbil Lee