Papers by Dr. Tekalign Tadesse
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to estimate the prevalence... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to estimate the prevalence of lung worm infection in small ruminants in selected kebele and surrounding village of Eteya in Arsi zone Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine prevalence, risk factors and identifying species of lungworm in small ruminants. Simple random sampling technique was followed to select sampling frame. Fecal samples from sheep and goats of all age groups and both sexes were examined by modified Baermann technique for the extraction of larvae (L1). Fecal examination was conducted in 400 (87 goat and 313 sheep. The overall prevalence of 43% was found by fecal examination. Dictyocaulus filarial, Protostrongylus rufescens, Muellerius capillaris and mixed parasitism were identified by faecal examination with total prevalence of 14.8%, 3.3%, 16.3% and 8.8%, respectively. The higher prevalence was observed in female (46%) than male (35.1%). In female (OR =1.908, CI= 1.093 3.331) had higher odds of in...
Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences
Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance and a situation where a microorganism has deve... more Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance and a situation where a microorganism has developed or acquired the ability to
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to estimate the prevalence... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to estimate the prevalence of lung worm infection in small ruminants in selected kebele and surrounding village of Eteya in Arsi zone Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine prevalence, risk factors and identifying species of lungworm in small ruminants. Simple random sampling technique was followed to select sampling frame. Fecal samples from sheep and goats of all age groups and both sexes were examined by modified Baermann technique for the extraction of larvae (L1). Fecal examination was conducted in 400 (87 goat and 313 sheep. The overall prevalence of 43% was found by fecal examination. Dictyocaulus filarial, Protostrongylus rufescens, Muellerius capillaris and mixed parasitism were identified by faecal examination with total prevalence of 14.8%, 3.3%, 16.3% and 8.8%, respectively. The higher prevalence was observed in female (46%) than male (35.1%). In female (OR =1.908, CI= 1.093 3.331) had higher odds of infection prevalence than males. In age group, higher prevalence was observed in less than one year old (51%) than in age group 13 years old (42.1%) and in age group greater than 3 years old (21.1%). Animals less than one years (OR = 6.049, 95%CI = 3.175, 11.523), age group between 1-3 (OR = 3.584, 95% CI = 1.592, 8.068). The age of the animal was highly significant (p<0.05) and body condition in poor (OR = 7.995, 95%CI = 4.272, 14.965), medium (OR = 1.811, 95%CI = 1.061, 3.092), had higher odds of infection prevalence than animals in corresponding groups. The body condition also highly significant (p< 0.05). It can be summarized that small ruminant lung worm infection is problem of a significant magnitude in and around Eteya town.
Camelpox is an economically important, notifiable skin disease of camelids and could be used as a... more Camelpox is an economically important, notifiable skin disease of camelids and could be used as a potential bio-warfare agent. The disease is caused by the camel pox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Young calves and pregnant females are more susceptible. Tentative diagnosis of camel pox can be made based on clinical signs and pox lesion, but it may confuse with other viral diseases like contagious etyma and papillomatosis. Hence, specific, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques would be useful in identification, thereby early implementations of therapeutic and preventives measures to curb these diseases prevalence. Treatment is often directed to minimizing secondary infections by topical application or parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and vitamins. The zoonotic importance of the disease should be further studied as humans today are highly susceptible to smallpox a very related and devastating virus eradicated from the globe. This review address an overview on the epidemiology, Zoonotic impacts, diagnostic approaches and the preventive measures on camel pox.
A cross-sectional study aimed to determining the prevalence bovine hydatidosis and estimating the... more A cross-sectional study aimed to determining the prevalence bovine hydatidosis and estimating the financial loss due to cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in cattle slaughtered at Abyssinia export abattoir was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. Routine ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection was conducted on 600 randomly selected animals. Out of these cattle examined, 124(20.7%) were found to harbor visible hydatid cysts. The prevalence of the disease was no statistically significant difference among breed, sex, body condition score and age groups (p>0.05). However, it was not statistically significant (P>0.05) distribution of the disease was, 22.8% in medium and 19.8% in good body conditioned. The prevalence of hydatidosis in relation to age 18.9% in (<5 years) and 21.7% in (> 5 years) animals. Regarding organ distribution, infections of the liver, kidney, lung and heart were 10.5%, 0.83%, 8.83 % and 0.5% respectively. Of the total 156 hydatid cysts counted 38(24.4%) were fertile, 37(23.7) were sterile and 81(51.9) were calcified. Of the 38 fertile cysts subjected for viability test 19(50%) were viable while 19(50%) were non-viable. Moreover, assessment of annual economic loss due to bovine hydatidosis at Abyssinia export abattoir from offal condemnation and carcass weight loss was estimated at 1,598,836.2, Ethiopian Birr. Bovine hydatidosis is an important disease that causes great economic losses due to organ condemnation and weight loss in the study area. Improvement of awareness of the communities about the transmission mechanism and economic importance of the parasite and hence reducing the incidence and economic loss incurred by the disease via control program that involves due attention on veterinary activities.
Dairy Cooperatives in Ethiopia are playing an active role in the fields of banking, input and out... more Dairy Cooperatives in Ethiopia are playing an active role in the fields of banking, input and output marketing, agro-processing, and many other social and economic activities; inherent advantages in tackling the problems of poverty alleviation, food security and job creation. Despite their many potential advantages, dairy cooperatives, however, are prone to face a number of important challenges, such as lack of awareness, lack of differentiated products, poor productivity of the dairy sector, lack of milk processing facilities, inadequate access to credit service, and inadequate support and weak regulation and supervision of the government are the main one. Moreover, the role of dairy cooperatives on the farmers' livelihoods which can be used as an instrument for policy formulation in the dairy cooperative (breeding, marketing, innovation and other segments of the sector) have not been reviewed earlier and well-documented. Therefore, the driving force for initiating this study is that very little is known about the current status of Dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia on the one hand and the recognition of dairy cooperatives plays in the socioeconomic development on the other. Hence, this paper reviews the current status and challenges of dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia and its implication for the growth and sustainability. Agriculture is the foundation for Ethiopian economy, and the overall economic growth of the country is highly linked to the success of the agriculture sector. Accordingly, agriculture accounts for about 43% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 90% of export, and 85% of employment [21]. As agriculture continues to be an important sector to the Ethiopian economy, the cooperative sub-sector providing vital support services and play a crucial role for the transformation of the agriculture sector. It is visible at all stages of the agricultural production, chain-production, processing, marketing and credit. It play an active role in the fields of banking, input provision, agro-processing, storage, in facilitating input and output marketing, dairy, and many other social and economic activities. Cooperative can also play an important role in the provision financial intermediation (saving and credit services) in areas where both the state and the private sector have failed [17].
We are in the world of Explosive human population, expanding agricultural systems, intensificatio... more We are in the world of Explosive human population, expanding agricultural systems, intensification of livestock, changing macro and micro climate, increased global trade and urbanization which contributed to increased interactions between animals, humans and wildlife species, leading to the emergence and re-emergence of many zoonoses. Emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic diseases negatively affect a human and animal population. To tackle this problem, One Health approach has a great role, it needs strong collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary communication to prevent epidemic or epizootic diseases and to maintain ecosystem integrity thereby improving and defending optimal health of globe. Despite this potential, failure to work collaboratively, lack of awareness, absence of a standardized frame work to capture the concept of disciplines and other problems with difficulty of wildlife management had negative impact on one health implementation. By solving the challenges of one health approach; it is possible to make it more powerful tool to protect defend living things and the environment from diseases around the globe, therefore all concerned body should participate in the one health activity to achieve the future expected of one health approach.
Today, transgenic animals represent one of the most potent and exciting research tools in the bio... more Today, transgenic animals represent one of the most potent and exciting research tools in the biological sciences. A transgenic animal is an animal into whose genome foreign Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) has been transferred for the purpose of studying and manipulating that DNA. The establishment of stable transgenic animals implies that the foreign DNA is present in gametes or one cell embryos to allow its transmission to progeny. To reach this goal, the foreign gene can be transferred using different methods according to animal species. Several methods have been used for the production of transgenic animals like Microinjection of fertilized ovum, Embryonic stem (ES) cells mediated gene transfer and Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The study of human diseases is greatly facilitated by the generation of transgenic animals mimicking health disorders or allowing the evaluation of new pharmaceuticals. 1. Introduction Over the last three decades biotechnology has advanced to a level where it is generally feasible to make particular changes to the genome, and therefore to the expressed characteristics of living organisms. The product of such a change is called a transgenic or a genetically modified organism. A transgenic animal is an animal whose genome has been altered by the inclusion of foreign genetic material. The purpose of adding a new gene to an organism's genome is to have the organism produce a protein or set of proteins that it did not produce before the gene was added or manipulated (Aine and Meghan, 2005). Improvement of animal production by transgenesis is still in infancy and despite its intensive use, animal transgenesis is still suffering from technical limitations. The generation of transgenesis has recently become easier or possible for different species thanks to the use of transposons or retrovirus, to incubation of sperm which DNA followed by fertilization by intracellular sperm injection or not and to the use of the cloning technique using somatic cells in which genes has been added or in activated. All these techniques are expected to offer experimenters new and more precise models to study gene function even in large animals. Improvement of breeding by transgenesis has become more reasonable including through the precise allele replacement in farm animals (Louis, 2002). Transgenic animals represent unique models that are custom tailored to address specific biological questions. Hence, the ability to introduce functional genes into animals provides a very powerful tool for dissecting complex biological processes and systems. This has made it possible to explore the regulation of gene expression as well as the regulation of cellular and physiological processes. Significant uses of live transgenic mammals are in the arenas of agricultural, biological, biotechnological from transgenic animals to humans and biomedical sciences including production of pharmaceuticals and in the field of organ transfer (Wall and Seidel, 1992). Therefore the objectives of this review paper are: To highlight the application of transgenic animals in biomedicine To review available literatures on the methods of producing transgenic animal To assess and describe the feature prospect regarding transgenic animals.
This study was conducted in Gimbi district, West Wollega zone to understand the traditional handl... more This study was conducted in Gimbi district, West Wollega zone to understand the traditional handling, processing and utilization of milk and milk products. 128 households were selected based on ownership of dairy cows, milk processing, handling, and utilization practice. Accordingly, Lantana trifolia (Kusaayee), Ocimum sanctum (Basoobilaa), Olea Africana (Qoraasuma) and Deinboll (Dabaqqa) were the most commonly cleaning and smoking plant species in the district. Yoghurt-like fermented/sour milk, traditional butter, traditional ghee, cottage cheese (Ayib), buttermilk and whey were the major milk products produced in the district. Women preserve butter by mixing with spices such as Zingiber officinale (Jinjibila), Allium sativum (Qulubbii adii), Ocimum (Siqaqibee) and Trigonella foenum (Sunqoo). Out of the total daily milk produced, most of it was processed (70.5%), 8% was sold while the left was consumed within the household (21.5%). Among milk and milk products produced, only butter was supplied to local markets. Lack of cooling facilities; low volume of milk production; unimproved milk processing materials and limited knowledge on handling and processing of milk and milk products were the major constraints. Recognizing the importance milk and milk products to the producing household nutrition, health and income, development interventions are required to boost production, improve the quality of the products and efficiency of the traditional milk processing equipment.
Developments in biotechnology would provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, hum... more Developments in biotechnology would provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, human medicine, and animal conservation. Nuclear cloning involves the production of animals that are genetically identical to the donor cells used in a technique known as nuclear transfer. However, at present it is an inefficient process in farm animal and small number of the embryos transferred to the reproductive tracts of recipient mother result in healthy, long-term surviving clones. Recent cloning research also reveals high failure rates, premature deaths, and dysfunctioning of internal organs. Food products from healthy clones, i.e. meat or milk, did not differ from products from healthy conventionally bred animals. Even though the food products of cloned animals showed no differences with conventional offspring or products, throughout the world, there is significant public opposition to the introduction of meat and milk from cloned animals and their progeny into the food supply. Cloning also threatens the welfare of surrogate mothers, the underlying health of the animals and the next generation, the consequential effect on food safety are critical aspects that require investigation to gain regulatory and consumer acceptance. Data on clones of farmed species for food production other than cattle and pigs have remained limited and do not allow for assessment of food safety or animal health and welfare aspects.
Bovine tuberculosis has been widely distributed throughout the world and it has been a cause for ... more Bovine tuberculosis has been widely distributed throughout the world and it has been a cause for great economic loss in animal production and productivity. In a large number of countries bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease among cattle, other domesticated animals, and certain wildlife reservoirs. Transmission to humans constitutes a public health problem, and conditions such as culture of consuming raw milk, keeping cattle in close proximity to the owner house and immune suppressive disease can exacerbate the disease. Bovine tuberculosis is characterized by formation of granulomas in tissue especially the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, intestines and kidneys. Infection in cattle is usually diagnosed in the live animal on the basis of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, necropsy, histopathological and bacteriological techniques. Rapid nucleic acid methodologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction, may also be used although these are demanding techniques and should only be used when appropriately validated. Due to the grave consequences of Mycobacterium bovis infection on animal and human health, it is necessary to introduce rigorous control measures to reduce the risk of the disease in human and animal populations. The introduction of proper food hygiene practices and stronger inter sectorial collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions is vital to the control of the disease. Since it is chronic bacterial disease which requires a rigorous and lengthy anti-bacterial treatment which is costly to treat, prevention of the disease is better than curing the diseased one.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gedeb Asasa district of West Arsi zone, Ethiopia from ... more A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gedeb Asasa district of West Arsi zone, Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017 to identify and determine prevalence of small ruminant lungworm species and assess potential risk factors. A total of 400 fecal samples were randomly collected from 288 sheep and 112 goats in the study area and collected samples were cultured and first stage larvae (L1) were isolated using modified Baerman technique. Isolated first stage larvae (L1) were examined and identified morphologically using microscope. The present study recorded an overall prevalence of 44.8%. The prevalence of lungworm infection by animal species was determined to be (45.5%) and (42.9%) for sheep and goat, respectively. The study identified three lungworm nematode species of small ruminants: Dictyocaulus filaria, Muelleris capillaris, Protostronylus rufescens along with mixed infection by coprological larval morphology identification system with respective prevalence of 17%, 14.5%, 5.3% and 8% applying descriptive statistics. Statistically, higher lungworm infection rate in female (48.8%) recorded compared to male (37.5%), in young (53.3%) compared to adult (36.3%) in animals with poor body condition (66.9%) followed by medium (37.5%) and good body condition (31.9%) animals and non- dewormed animals (49.2%) compared to dewormed ones (37.2%). To determine the existence of association between the disease and risk factors (sex, animal origin, animal species, age, body condition, anthelmintic treatment), Chi-Square statistics was employed and only four (sex, age, body condition, anthelmintic treatment) were found to have association with the disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the existence of statistically significant impact (P<0.005) of the four factors (sex, age, body condition, anthelmintic treatment) on small ruminants lungworm infection dynamics.
The study was conducted to evaluate effects of feeding different levels of red haricot bean scree... more The study was conducted to evaluate effects of feeding different levels of red haricot bean screening (RHBS) on dry matter intake, body weight gain, egg production, egg quality and feed conversion ratio of white leghorn chicken. A total of 225 (195 hens + 30 cocks) at age of 30 weeks with initial body weight of1104.7±16.35 gram were randomly distributed in to 15 pens each with 13 hens and 2 cocks. The pens were randomly allocated to five treatment diets in completely randomized design. The five treatment diets used in the present study were containing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of RHBS for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Crude protein and metabolizable energy content of RHBS was 29.01% and 3276Kcal/Kg. Dry matter intake (92.5, 95.03, 91.03, 90.09 and 89.7 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, was significantly (P<0.05) different which is high in T2 and low in T5. Hen day egg production (51.82, 54.67, 48.25, 46.7 and 41.45 and hen house egg production (50.45, 54.67, 48.25, 45.49 and 41.45 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively were significantly (P<0.05) different which was high T2 and low in T5. feed conversion ratio 3.51, 3.48, 3.71, 3.83 and 4.37 and egg mass 26.35, 27.28, 24.53, 23.47 and 20.49 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively were statistically (P<0.05) different among the treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among treatments on average daily body weight gain per bird, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, albumen quality, yolk weight, yolk diameter, yolk height. Yolk color and index were significantly (P<0.05) different which were high in T5 and low in T1. Therefore, increasing proportions of RHBS above 50% in the layer ration improve yellowness and index of egg yolk, but affect feed conversion ratio, egg mass and egg production negatively.
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Papers by Dr. Tekalign Tadesse