Papers by Dr. Malik Khalafalla
Scientific Reports, Dec 8, 2023
This study aimed to assess the impact of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia on the g... more This study aimed to assess the impact of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia on the goldfish (Carassius auratus) growth, pigmentation, blood analysis, immunity, intestine and liver histomorphology, and expression of somatolactin (SL) and growth hormone (GH) genes. Artemia was enriched with spirulina and/or canthaxanthin for 24 h. Goldfish (N = 225, 1.10 ± 0.02 g) were tested in five experimental treatments, three replicates each: (T1) fish fed a commercial diet; (T2) fish fed a commercial diet and un-enriched Artemia (UEA); (T3) fish fed a commercial diet and spirulina-enriched Artemia (SEA); (T4) fish fed a commercial diet and canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia (CEA); and (T5) fish fed a commercial diet and spirulina and canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia (SCA) for 90 days. The results showed that the use of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin increased performance, β-carotene content and polyunsaturated fatty acids of Artemia. For goldfish, T5 showed the highest growth performance, β-carotene concentration and the lowest chromatic deformity. T5 also showed improved hematology profile, serum biochemical, and immunological parameters. Histomorphology of the intestine revealed an increase in villi length and goblet cells number in the anterior and middle intestine, with normal liver structure in T5. SL and GH gene expression in the liver and brain differed significantly among treatments with a significant increase in enriched Artemia treatments compared to T1 and T2. In conclusion, the use of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin improved performance of Artemia. Feeding goldfish spirulina and/or canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia improved performance, β-carotene content, pigmentation, health status and immune-physiological response. Ornamental fishkeeping is a popular interest for both young and old. It contributes to human well-being by teaching children responsibility, reducing adult stress, and assisting elderly with essential physical and psychological difficulties 1 . One of the most famous and highly valued ornamental fish is the goldfish, Carassius auratus that belongs to the Cyprinidae family 2,3 . Goldfish became very popular and numerous farms and hatcheries are now scattered in the Delta region of north Egypt 4 . Due to its natural beauty and its ability to grow in a diverse range of environmental conditions, goldfish became extremely desirable commercially among aquarium keepers . Moreover, goldfish are widely raised as aesthetic pets 6 . The goldfish is a popular tank species and a suitable laboratory animal 7 . Domestication and artificial breeding of goldfish may be dated back thousands of years in Asia 8 . Goldfish is characterized by an attractive red color which originates from high levels of carotenoids in the fish tissue and this color is responsible for customer acceptability and competitive price . In teleost's, six chromatophores have been identified: cyanophores, leucophores, iridophores, xanthophores, and melanophores stated that Color variations occur at different locations on the fish body due to the distribution of distinct
Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, May 12, 2024
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
ABSTRACT
Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2011
Twelve lactating Friesian cows at 2 nd to 5 th lactating season, with body weight of 500±15 kg we... more Twelve lactating Friesian cows at 2 nd to 5 th lactating season, with body weight of 500±15 kg were fed a basal ration consisting, on a dry matter (DM) basis, of 40% concentrate feed mixture + 40% fresh berseem + 20% rice straw supplemented with rumen-protected choline (RPC) in the form of choline chloride at levels of 0, 15 and 30 g/head/day. The cows were used 8 weeks after calving in a complete switchback design. The digestibility coefficients and nutritive values significantly increased (P<0.05) with RPC. Rumenprotected choline supplementation increased (P<0.05) the intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP), but decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P<0.05). The pH, TVFA and NH 3-N concentrations of rumen liquor was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by RPC supplementation. Rumen-protected choline supplementation led to increased actual milk yield by 1.32 and 2.24 kg/head/day or 8.75 and 14.85%, and 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) by 1.55 and 2.60 kg/head/day or 10.86 and 18.31% for 15 and 30 g RPC compared with un-supplemented RPC, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of fat and total solids (TS) and the yield of all milk constituents except ash increased significantly (P<0.05) with RPC supplementation. Rumen-protected choline supplementation decreased the quantities of DM, TDN and DCP per kg 4% FCM (P<0.05). The feed cost per kg 4% FCM decreased, but the average income of milk yield increased by 3.11 and 5.20 LE or 10.94 and 18.28% for 15 and 30 g RPC compared with un-supplemented RPC, respectively (P<0.05). It could be concluded that rumenprotected choline supplementation at 30 g/head/day to lactating Friesian cows improved digestibility, milk yield and composition, feed conversion, and economic efficiency.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Researches (Print), Jul 1, 2016
Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2010
Journal of Applied Phycology
Laminarin is a source of immunostimulants and antioxidative biomolecules involved in supporting t... more Laminarin is a source of immunostimulants and antioxidative biomolecules involved in supporting the performance and health of aquatic animals. Hence, this study investigated the growth performance, intestinal morphology, blood biomarkers, and immune response of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) fed dietary laminarin. For 60 days, mullets were fed diets supplemented with laminarin at 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg−1, then the growth performance was evaluated, and samples were collected. The FBW, WG, SGR, PER, and carcass lipid content were markedly increased, while the FCR was significantly lowered by dietary 600 and 800 mg kg−1. Further, the lipase and protease activities were significantly higher in mullets fed laminarin at 600 mg kg−1 than those fed 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg−1. The intestinal histopathological evaluation revealed that all layers of the intestinal villi and the intestinal wall appeared intact without any deteriorating changes. The intestinal mucosal lining of ant...
Fishes
The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not supplementing a diet with ethanolic ... more The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not supplementing a diet with ethanolic roselle calyces extract (ER) had any effect on the rate of growth, intestinal morphometry, total carotene in skin and muscle, blood profile, immunity status, and the expression response of red tilapia. The ER was added to four experimental diets at 0% (0 g kg−1), 0.5% (5 g kg−1), 1% (10 g kg−1), and 2% (20 g kg−1), which were designated as ER0 (control group), ER0.5, ER1, and ER2, respectively. The results show that ER1 induced higher weights (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and weight gain rate) and all ER groups had considerably (p < 0.05) decreased feed conversion rates (FCR) compared with the control diet. Histomorphometric examination of the intestinal villi absorptive capacity showed fish given ER, specifically ER1, had increased villus length, width, and goblet cells (p < 0.05). The best hematological and biochemical parameters (the antioxidant enzyme activi...
The ornamental fish industry faces a major challenge in enhancing the brilliant coloration desire... more The ornamental fish industry faces a major challenge in enhancing the brilliant coloration desired by consumers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the influence of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin enriched artemia on the efficacy of goldfish pigmentation. Growth, blood analysis, immunity, histology, and the expression of the genes for somatolactin (SL) and growth hormone (GH) of goldfish were also evaluated. Goldfish (N = 225, 1.10 ± 0.02g) were tested with five experimental treatments as follows: (T1) fish fed a basal diet; (T2) fish fed a basal diet and un-enriched artemia (UEA); (T3) fish fed a basal diet and spirulina enriched artemia (SEA); (T4) fish fed a basal diet and canthaxanthin enriched artemia (CEA); and (T5) fish fed a basal diet and spirulina and canthaxanthin enriched artemia (SCA). The experiment lasted for 90 days. The results showed that T5 had the highest carotene concentration (3.446 mg/g), lowest chromatic deformity, and better growth perf...
Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2008
SUMMARY his study was designed to determine the effect of practically replacing fish meal with Si... more SUMMARY his study was designed to determine the effect of practically replacing fish meal with Silkworm, Bombyx mori pupae meal (SWPM), as a non-conventional protein source, at levels (0, 33.33%, 66.66%, or 100% from fish meal) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and economical efficiency per fish of Nile tilapia fingerlings. A total number of 120 Nile tilapia fingerlings with average initial weight of 10g/fish were randomly distributed into four experimental groups triplicate and were fed daily at a rate of 3% of fish live body weight through 14 weeks experimental period, to study the effect of four diets contained 30% crude protein in average. Results indicated insignificant (P&gt;0.05) differences in the final body weight, weight gain, daily gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value between fish fed diets containing 33.33% or 66.66% of SWPM and control diet. However, Fish fed diets contained 100% level SWPM showed the lowest growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency as compared to those fed the other levels. Fish muscles area decreased when 100% of fish meal was replaced by silkworm pupae compared with the other diets. The proximately composition of whole fish body was not affected significantly among the all fish groups fed the experimental and control diets. It was concluded that diet containing 66.66% SWPM (from fish meal) was economically superior to the other tested diets. It reduced about 18.79% of feeding cost per unit of fish compared with control diets.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2022
Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B 1 toxi... more Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B 1 toxicity on the performances of Liza ramada . The control diet was without any additives, while the second and third diets were supplemented with aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The fourth diet was supplemented with Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL per kg diet, while the fifth with aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg and Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL per kg diet. The growth performance markedly increased ( p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356, while aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups showed a severe reduction. The red blood cells, hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and white blood cells were markedly increased in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while decreased ( p < 0.05) in fish fed aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The blood total protein and albumin were markedly increased ( p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while reduced in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were meaningfully increased in fish of the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg groups while decreased in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels were markedly decreased ( p < 0.05) in fish-fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while increased in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The highest levels of blood glucose and cortisol were seen in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg, while the lowest levels were observed in the fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group ( p < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly enhanced in the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group and severely declined in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups ( p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde level was markedly reduced in fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg diets while increased in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg ( p < 0.05). The control group had lower malondialdehyde levels than the aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg group and higher than the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B 1 toxicity ( p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed impaired intestines and livers in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 while Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 relieves the inflammation and protected the intestines and livers. In conclusion, dietary Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is recommended to relieve the impacts of aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal failure and oxidative stress in L. ramada .
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022
Ammonia exposure can be considered more stressful for aquatic animals when it coincides with high... more Ammonia exposure can be considered more stressful for aquatic animals when it coincides with high temperature. This study was conducted to detect the effects of ammonia exposure and heat stress and their interactions on the histological features of gills and liver tissues and the expression responses of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia. Thus, 180 fish were divided into four groups (triplicates), where the first and third groups were kept in clean water without total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) exposure. At the same time, the second and fourth groups were exposed to 5 mg TAN/L. After seven days, the water temperature was raised in the third (without ammonia toxicity) and fourth (exposed with 5 mg TAN/L) groups up to 32 °C and kept under these conditions for 24 h. While the first (without ammonia toxicity) and second (exposed with 5 mg TAN/L) groups were kept under optimum water temperature (27.28 °C) then gills and liver tissues were dissected. Marked upregulation of keap1 was seen in the gills of fish exposed to ammonia/heat stress. The expression of mRNA levels for nrf2, nqo-1, cat, and gpx genes were downregulated in all stressed groups, with the lowest was recorded in the ammonia/heat stress group. The transcription of ho-1 was upregulated in the ammonia and heat stress groups while downregulated in the ammonia/heat stress group. The transcription of the complement C3 gene was downregulated in the livers of heat stress and ammonia/heat stress groups, while the lysozyme gene was downregulated in the ammonia/heat stress group. The mRNA expression levels of nf-κB, il-1β, and tnf-α genes were higher in the ammonia group than in the heat stress group. The highest transcription level of nf-κB, il-1β, tnf-α, il-8, and hsp70 genes and the lowest C3 and lysozyme genes were observed in fish exposed to ammonia/heat stress. The co-exposure to ammonia with heat stress triggered degeneration of primary and secondary gill filaments with telangiectasia and vascular congestion of secondary epithelium while, the liver showed hepatic vascular congestion and visible necrotic changes with nuclear pyknosis. In conclusion, the combined exposure of ammonia and heat stress induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammation in Nile tilapia.
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering, 2022
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011
Biological degradation of torpedo grass, Panicum repens L. residues by Pleurotus ostreatus and su... more Biological degradation of torpedo grass, Panicum repens L. residues by Pleurotus ostreatus and suitability of using the highly digestible, protein-enriched, as a non conventional feedstuff in diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings were investigated. The optimal pH and temperature for growth Pleurotus ostreatus and its cellulase production were 6 and 25°C, respectively. The cellulase was induced in submerged culture with presence of the carboxymethyl cellulose and Torpedo grass residues in MSL, while the presence of additional carbon sources such as glucose, dextrose or a complex media (Potato Dextrose) suppressed enzyme production. The amount of reducing sugar present in the biodegraded biomass by cellulase after 30 min incubation time was 2.5 (U/ml/min) but was 2.1 (U/ml/min) by Pleurotus ostreatus after 14 days incubation time under optimum growth conditions. The solid substrate fermentation (SSF) was carried out at pH 6 and 25°C for 32 days. Protein contents of the biodegraded biomass increased from 7.52 to 8.91% and crude fiber contents decreased from 23.27 to 11.28. This biodegraded biomass was used as non conventional feedstuff in diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. The results showed that Nile tilapia fingerlings received diets containing 25% treated torpedo grass showed the best results in growth parameters, feed efficiency and economic efficiency.
目的 探讨早期有效控制炎性渗出对急性百草枯中毒患者存活率的影响.方法 对29例不同治疗方法 治疗的百草枯中毒患者的存活率进行回顾分析.结果 百草枯中毒剂量少于20 ml者存活率均达100%,20... more 目的 探讨早期有效控制炎性渗出对急性百草枯中毒患者存活率的影响.方法 对29例不同治疗方法 治疗的百草枯中毒患者的存活率进行回顾分析.结果 百草枯中毒剂量少于20 ml者存活率均达100%,20 ml以上中毒者,治疗方法 2组存活率较方法 1组明显提高,差异有统计学意义(X2=4.55,P<0.05).结论 早期有效控制炎性渗出能够提高急性百草枯中毒患者的存活率。
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Papers by Dr. Malik Khalafalla