Papers by Dr. Junaid Kapadia
South Asian Research Journal of Oral and Dental Sciences
Background: A global review on oral health by the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized that... more Background: A global review on oral health by the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized that despite great improvements in the oral health of populations in several countries, global problems still persist. Dental caries and periodontal disease have historically been considered the most important global oral health burdens. This is particularly so among underprivileged groups in both developing and developed countries. The application of natural products for the control of oral diseases is considered as an interesting alternative to synthetic antimicrobials due to their lower negative impact, and for the effort to overcome primary or secondary resistance to the drug during therapy. Objective: To review the current evidence on the antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts on dental caries and plaque microorganisms. Materials and Methods: A literature search was made for 6 months in PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, LILACS/BBO, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, SCIENCE DIREC...
Covid 19 and Periodontal Disease Interlink- A Review
Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, May 25, 2021
Effect of Glucosamine-Chondroitin Sulfate , Tramadol , and Sodium Hyaluronic Acid on Expression of Cytokine Levels in Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2019
Aim: Present study was planned to assess the impact of various root canal irrigants on the adhesi... more Aim: Present study was planned to assess the impact of various root canal irrigants on the adhesion of different Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) strains to the dentinal surface. Materials and methods: A total of 80 freshly extracted first and second molars were used in the present study. Preparation of dentin discs was done followed by a random division into four study groups and one control group. Four study groups included; 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) , 2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), 2.5 % NaOCl + saline + 2 percent CHX and 2.5 % NaOCl + 17 % ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) + 2.5 % NaOCl group respectively. In the control group (E), sterilized dentin discs were incubated with sterile TSB solution. Division of all the groups into two subgroups were done depending upon the type of strain of E. faecalis used. Incubation of all the specimens was done followed by assessment with XTT assay and measurement of Optical density (OD). All the results were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Among the groups containing gelatinase producing strains; maximum score was exhibited by 2.5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution followed by 2.5 % NaOCl + 17 % Ethylene Diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) + 2.5 % NaOCl group (group D). On comparing the OD values among various study groups incubated with Gelatinase producing strain, significant results were obtained. Gelatinase-producing E. faecalis showed a significantly higher amount of adherence to dentin, in comparison to the gelatinase-deficient E. faecalis strains. Conclusion: Lesser quantity of bacteria is recovered from specimens in whom CHX was added to the irrigation protocol.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018
Aim: To evaluate the presence of metal ions and deoxyribonucleic acid damage on the cells of bucc... more Aim: To evaluate the presence of metal ions and deoxyribonucleic acid damage on the cells of buccal mucosa in subjects scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: Eighty patients scheduled to undergo orthodontic treatment were included in the present study. Samples were collected from buccal mucosa of the subjects at five different intervals: before the starting of the fixed appliance therapy, 5 months after the insertion of the appliance, 10 months after insertion of the appliance, 15 months after insertion of the appliance and 20 months after insertion of the appliance. Flow cytometry was further used for assessment of apoptosis. Comet assay was used for evaluating the metal ions associated deoxyribonucleic acid ((DNA) damage of buccal epithelial cells. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for measuring the nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) levels in the cells of the buccal mucosa. Analysis of data was done by SPSS software version 16.0. Results: A significant increase in the Ni, Cr and Zn concentration during orthodontic treatment was observed. A progressive non-significant decrease in the percentage of viable cells from a baseline value to the end of the treatment was observed. A significant increase in the head diameter, DNA in tail and tail length, starting from the pretreatment value to the end of orthodontic treatment, was also observed. Conclusion: Timely checking of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and nuclear changes should be done for detecting earlier adverse changes. Clinical significance: In patients wearing orthodontic appliances, no clinical impact occurs by wearing fixed appliances.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018
Aim: To comparatively evaluate the status of fluoride in the body with thyroid activity in the pe... more Aim: To comparatively evaluate the status of fluoride in the body with thyroid activity in the pediatric population of endemic fluorosis areas. The present study also attempted to elucidate whether any correlation exists between fluoride and thyroid hormone derangement with delayed tooth eruption. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 pediatric subjects were included in the present study. All the patients were divided into two broad groups; groups A and B. Group A included 200 subjects who belonged to the endemic fluorosis area while Group B included remaining 200 subjects, who belonged to the fluorosis non-endemic area. Group B subjects were taken as control. Group A subjects were further divided into two study groups as follows: Group A1: 100 Paediatric subjects with dental fluorosis, and Group A 2: A total of one hundred pediatric subjects without dental fluorosis. Dean's index of fluorosis was calculated in all the patients. Blood samples were collected and were sent to a laboratory for assessment of thyroid hormone levels. All the results were subjected to statistical analysis by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), water fluoride levels, urine fluoride levels and serum fluoride levels of subjects in group 1 were found to be significantly higher than that of subjects of group 2. Delayed tooth eruption was absent in subjects of group B while it was present in 100 subjects of group A. Thyroid hormone level derangement was seen in 54 percent subjects of group B, while it was seen in 67.5% subjects of group A. Conclusion: Positive correlation exists between fluorosis and thyroid functional activity. However; the tooth eruption pattern is independent up on the thyroid hormone derangement. Clinical significance: Delayed tooth eruption and alteration in thyroid hormone levels can occur in subjects of the endemic fluoride areas. Therefore, adequate measures should be taken for controlling such adverse effects.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018
Aim: Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine-chondroitin combination, tramadol, and sodium hyalur... more Aim: Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine-chondroitin combination, tramadol, and sodium hyaluronic acid in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and its impact on the expression of various cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and PGE2. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 60 patients (males-30, females-30) suffering from internal derangement such as disc displacement with reduction of TMJ. The patients were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I received a combination of 1.5g of glucosamine and 1.2 g of chondroitin sulfate per day and group II received 50 mg tramadol HCL peroral. Group III received sodium hyaluronate 10 mg/mL, 2 mL injection syringe on each joint. Pain (VAS) scale and maximum mouth opening (MMO) was measured. The level of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels were measured using Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was an improvement in maximum mouth opening in all three groups (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in pain in all groups. IL-1 ß, TNF-α, and PGE2 leve ls showed reduction while IL-6 showed an increase in value in group II and III. Conclusion: The efficacy of glucosamine chondroitin sulfate , tramadol and hyaluronic acid in TMJ disorders has been found to be effective. Clinical significance: IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels indicate the risk of TMJ disorders. Thus earlier assessment of their levels helps in diagnosis, and better management may be done.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2017
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by productio... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by production of little or no insulin and/or concomitant resistance to the metabolic action of insulin on target tissues. Hyperglycaemia is the immediate metabolic consequence of diabetes mellitus resulting in widespread multiorgan damage ranging from micro to macro vascular complications [1]. India is likely to face epidemic of DM in elderly population. The global prevalence of diabetes is 8.3% in adult population. Worldwide the number of people with diabetes is expected to escalate upto 551.9 million by 2030, corresponding to 9.9% of adult population [2]. Type 2 DM is the fifth most common condition and sixth leading cause of mortality amongst the elderly. Asian Indians are at a greater risk of developing diabetes. India is world's second most populous country with significant number of patients with Type 2 DM than any other nation [2]. According to WHO, developing countries comprise of 70% of diabetic population, among which 50.8 million people suffering from diabetes are residing in India. In India, approximately 57.2 million and 101.2 million people are expected to be noticed by the year 2025 and 2030 respectively [2,3]. Thus, India could be considered as the diabetic capital of the world. Diabetes, over long period, is associated with poor oral health which is characterised by periodontal, gingival and other oral problems. These problems are mostly related to poorly controlled metabolic glucose level [4]. Changed oral environment may lead to cariogenic and gingival lesions. Many other problems are associated with increased glucose level, they are, tooth loss, altered taste, periapical abcess, proneness to bacterial, viral and fungal infections, salivary gland disorder etc., [5,6].
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Papers by Dr. Junaid Kapadia