Papers by Dr.Ismaeil M A Mammani
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Apr 30, 2023
Introduction: Wound infection is one of the universal challenges for patients who visit the hospi... more Introduction: Wound infection is one of the universal challenges for patients who visit the hospital after trauma and undergo surgery and/or during their admission. Trauma could be due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), violence, or Falling from High (FFH). There is tangible evidence of the scope and the danger of hospital-acquired infections, which are far more common and deadly than many people comprehend. Methodology: 280 samples were collected from 140 injured persons, who attended the Emergency Teaching Hospital in Duhok, Iraq from September 2021 to April 2022. 140 samples were collected on the patients' arrival and 140 samples after admission and treatment. The isolated bacteria were manually diagnosed, and then VITEK®2 compact system was performed for confirmation. Results: 27 microbial species were identified. The common bacterial species detected on patients' arrival were Staphylococcus epidermidis 22 (19.6%), Escherichia coli 16 (14.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 14 (12.5%), Staphylococcus lentus 10 (8.9%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 6(5.4%). On the 2 nd samples, which were collected after patients' admission, the species were Staphylococcus aureus 35(31.3%), Escherichia coli 13(11.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 (10.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 10 (8.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia were 8 (7.1%) each. Conclusions: The bacteria that contaminate wounds at the accident time led to serious problems after the admission as they cause wound infection with inappropriate antibiotic administration. It is established that there are differences between the bacterial species detected before and after admission in this study with p = 0.004. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that some species that are isolated prior to the admission of patients turn hostile afterward.
The Internet journal of microbiology, Jan 14, 2020
Background: It is well known that the causative agent for endodontic disease is microbial growth,... more Background: It is well known that the causative agent for endodontic disease is microbial growth, and therefore, to prevent or eliminate apical periodontitis, a complete microbial eradication is essential. Many researches have demonstrated that eradication of microbial growth before obturation leads to a more promising outcome for endodontic therapy. Purpose: This in-vivo study is considered the first study to compare in-vivo the antibacterial efficacy of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 940 nm diode laser in the infected root canal in Duhok city. Method: The study included 200 patients with pulpitis; the diagnosis was based on clinical signs (examination, probing, percussion, palpation) and X-ray investigation. They were divided into 2 groups; group 1 (n = 100) for the irradiation with 940 nm diode laser, and group 2 (n = 100) for the irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. In each group, microbiological samples were taken on accessing the canal before treatments, and the second sample was taken after completion of the treatment. All microbiological samples were transferred immediately for microbiological analysis. Results: Hundred eighty-seven of the 200 patients (root canals) were included in the results since 13 patients showed no growth, and 299 bacterial isolates along with Candida albican were isolated and identified. Laser treatment eradicated the root canal of 70 patients, and 38 patients by the chemomechanical treatment. Significant differences were found in both treatments (One-way ANOVA, P˂0.05). The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates belongs to Enterococcus faecalis, followed by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Candida albican. Both treatments eradicated the root canal of 108 (54%) patients and a reduction of the microbial growth in 79 (39%) of the patients. Conclusion: Both treatments showed a significant difference in eradicating the isolated microorganisms statistically. The 940 nm diode laser was more effective than chemomechanical treatment, as the root canal of more patients were eradicated from root canal bacterial growth. However, combining both treatments will give more effective against the microorganisms present in the root canal.
The Internet journal of microbiology, Feb 25, 2019
This study aims to evaluate the bacterial reduction after conventional root canal treatment using... more This study aims to evaluate the bacterial reduction after conventional root canal treatment using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: The study criteria included 100 patients requiring root canal treatments due to pulpitis. The diagnosis was made based on objective clinical signs (examination, probing, percussion, palpation) and X-ray investigation. The clinical procedures were carried out under strict aseptic precautions. All patients were subjected to biomechanical preparation followed by irrigation using sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 5.25% which is considered the highest concentration without causing any toxic effect on the patient. All microbiological samples were taken immediately after the access preparation baseline (S1) and after the completion of the root canal instrumentation and disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (S2) and sent for microbiological analysis. Results: One hundred patients with infected root canal were selected for this in vivo study. All S1 samples were positive for microbial isolates, 71 samples harbored cultivable bacterial isolates, 22 were fungus (Candida albican), and 7 samples showed no growth so in total adding up to 151 isolates identified from 100 patients. Bacterial isolates before chemomechanical treatment showed the highest prevalence belonging to Enterococcus faecalis followed by Streptococci, Staphylococci and Candida albican. After the chemomechanical treatment with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite no cultivable bacteria were isolated from 38 patients root canals, and therefore the treatment managed to eradicate 54% of the 151 isolated bacterial species from the 71 infected root canals. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was effective in eradicating a high number of the bacterial isolates along with the fungus identified in infected root canals. This high concentration of sodium hypochlorite presented no toxic damage to the root canal or the area around it when handled with care.
Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, Jul 25, 2016
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Introduction: The use of herbal extracts is increasing because of the increase in bacterial resis... more Introduction: The use of herbal extracts is increasing because of the increase in bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Plantago major is frequently used in traditional medicine because of its medicinal properties. The aim of the current study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of an ethanolic extract of P. major leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn infections. Methodology: One hundred and twenty burn samples were collected from hospitalized patients at the Burn Hospital in Duhok city. The bacterium was identified using Gram stain, colony morphology, biochemical tests and selective differential media. Antibacterial activity of P. major leaves was assessed by using an ethanolic extract in serial dilutions of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 10 % and disc diffusion assay. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed by disk diffusion using Muller-Hinton agar medium. Results: Different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of P. major leaves exhibite...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2019
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in human worldwide. In pr... more Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in human worldwide. In present study, this bacterium was isolated from different animal products and human clinical samples. The isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility tests, serotyping, virulence genes and 16SrRNA sequencing. Out of 1362 investigated samples, Listeria monocytogenes were identified in 48(3.5%) of samples. Seven samples 1.1% were from human, while 41(5.7%) were from food samples. The majority of food isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalexin, doxycycline, ampicillin and vancomycin; while variable resistance to the other antibiotics was observed. Serotyping of food and human isolates found that 7 of human isolates and 28 of food isolates belonged to serogroup 1/2a (3a). While, 8 isolates from food samples belonged to the serogroup 4b. Five fresh red meat isolates belonged to the serogroup 1/2b. All food and human isolates contained virulence genes actA, hlyA, plcA and iap genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrRNA sequencing showed that the L. monocytogenes isolated from milk were not closely related to the meat and human isolates. This data suggests that the antibacterial resistant Listeria monocytogenes are widely spread within the animal products rather than the clinical samples. The most common serogroup within the isolated strains was 1/2a (3a). Surprisingly, all isolates found to be virulent strains depending on the virulence genes detection. Therefore, it is highly recommended to apply strict biosecurity measurements on food and food processing environment to avoid or to maintain the spread of the bacterial infection within the area.
Journal of US-China Medical Science, 2012
Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a group of randomly selected pre... more Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a group of randomly selected pregnant women, using the ELISA IgG and IgM assays. The study included 88 married women whose age range was 19-38 years. This study was conducted in the Microbiology lab at Azadi Teaching Hospital from February 2009 to Dec 2009 in Duhok city. Two endocervical swabs were taken from each woman, the first to be examined as wet preparation stain to find bacteria, RBCs, epithelial cells, monilia, Trichomonas vaginalis, the second swab was used to examine for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies by ELISA anti Chlamydia specific IgM, and anti Chlamydia specific IgG. The wet preparation examination of the swabs revealed Trichomonas vaginalis in 4 patients. Gram's stain revealed the presence of Gram positive Streptococci in 10 patients, Gram negative bacilli in 6 patients, and no bacteria was found in 45 patients. ELISA test to detect anti Chlamydia Antibodies (IgM), all the 88 examined women were negative. ELISA test to measure the anti Chlamydial antibodies (IgG) detect chronic infections and the results showed ten positive cases, 10/88 (11.3%). The age group of eight out of ten IgG positive cases is between 21-30 years old, for the remaining two cases is between 31-40 years old. Five of the IgG positive cases had history of ectopic pregnancies; another two had history of acute conjunctivitis in their newborn babies, while the remaining three had chronic infection and discharge. The results of this study revealed that the commercially available rapid test is of no value in detection of Chlamydia in endocervical swabs. The trend should be toward the substitution of this test by the direct immunoflourescence test. The nucleic acid amplification test which is highly sensitive should be used in future studies to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia infection.
Rawal Medical Journal, 2010
To evaluate the efficacy of the newly available endox endodontic system on isolated Enterococcus ... more To evaluate the efficacy of the newly available endox endodontic system on isolated Enterococcus faecalis from single rooted canals. Methods Two hundred and fifty extracted single rooted teeth were selected for this study. The root canals were prepared and shaped with sterile reamers (#15-35) and endox needle was introduced into the canal and microbiological samples were collected from each tooth using sterile paper points before and after the treatment for the isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecalis. Results Eighteen (7.2%) isolated strains of Enterococcus faecalis from 250 single rooted canals were treated with endox. In 10 (55.6%) cases, Enterococcus faecalis was eradicated, while in 8 (44.4%) cases it was resistant to endox. Conclusion Endox method was reasonably effective in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from infected single rooted canals. (Rawal Med J 2010;35:).
Science Journal of University of Zakho
Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacilli cause listeriosis, associated with high rates of... more Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacilli cause listeriosis, associated with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. A total of 1362 samples were investigated included 647 clinical samples and 715 from food. This study investigated the differences in the seasonal occurrence of L. monocytogenes in Kurdistan region-Iraq. L. monocytogeneswas found in 48 samples (3.52%) out of 1362 samples. There were 7/642(1.09%) human clinical samples diagnosed with cold and moderate weather (November, December 2016, and January, February, April 2017). While 41/715(5.73%) of L. monocytogenesisolates were found among food samples, meat samples (n=37) and dairy samples (n=4). A total of 37/476 (7.77%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates in meat samplesweredetected during warm weather (from July through October 2016). In addition, L. monocytogenesin dairy products was found to be by 4/239 (1.68%), were isolated during the moderate season (October, November 2016, and April, May 2017). The study...
Science Journal of University of Zakho
Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacilli cause listeriosis, associated with high rates of... more Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacilli cause listeriosis, associated with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. A total of 1362 samples were investigated included 647 clinical samples and 715 from food. This study investigated the differences in the seasonal occurrence of L. monocytogenes in Kurdistan region-Iraq. L. monocytogeneswas found in 48 samples (3.52%) out of 1362 samples. There were 7/642(1.09%) human clinical samples diagnosed with cold and moderate weather (November, December 2016, and January, February, April 2017). While 41/715(5.73%) of L. monocytogenesisolates were found among food samples, meat samples (n=37) and dairy samples (n=4). A total of 37/476 (7.77%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates in meat samplesweredetected during warm weather (from July through October 2016). In addition, L. monocytogenesin dairy products was found to be by 4/239 (1.68%), were isolated during the moderate season (October, November 2016, and April, May 2017). The study...
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Papers by Dr.Ismaeil M A Mammani