Papers by Divya Bharti Rai
Pharmaceutics
The third most common cancer worldwide is colon cancer (CC). Every year, there more cases are rep... more The third most common cancer worldwide is colon cancer (CC). Every year, there more cases are reported, yet there are not enough effective treatments. This emphasizes the need for new drug delivery strategies to increase the success rate and reduce side effects. Recently, a lot of trials have been done for developing natural and synthetic medicines for CC, among which the nanoparticle-based approach is the most trending. Dendrimers are one of the most utilized nanomaterials that are accessible and offer several benefits in the chemotherapy-based treatment of CC by improving the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of drugs. They are highly branched polymers, making it simple to conjugate and encapsulate medicines. Dendrimers have nanoscale features that enable the differentiation of inherent metabolic disparities between cancer cells and healthy cells, enabling the passive targeting of CC. Moreover, dendrimer surfaces can be easily functionalized to improve the specificity and...
Nanotechnology in Modern Animal Biotechnology, 2019
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock dow... more Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Dendrimers, 2020
Abstract Gene delivery is an inclusive step of gene therapy. Gene therapy can be defined as the t... more Abstract Gene delivery is an inclusive step of gene therapy. Gene therapy can be defined as the technique for treating the genetic disorders by the transmitting the genetic material into the defective cells of the patient. Gene transfection should be specifically targeted and highly efficient; and it is achieved either by viral or non-viral methods. Although the viral vectors are efficient, the strategy is nonspecific, carcinogenic and immunogenic in vivo. On the contrary, non-viral gene carriers such as dendrimers exhibit higher safety and control providing great potential for gene therapy. Dendrimer complexes with nucleic acid to form dendriplex. Spherical architecture and polyvalency make dendrimer a suitable platform for gene delivery. Dendrimer helps in complexing gene along with providing stability and higher transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Dendrimer condenses nucleic acids into small nanoparticles by ionic interactions and prevents the therapeutic gene from endosomal and nuclear degradation. This chapter illustrates the various aspects of delivery of gene using dendrimer as a carrier.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Dendrimers, 2020
Abstract Disease diagnosis can provide crucial information for clinical decisions that influence ... more Abstract Disease diagnosis can provide crucial information for clinical decisions that influence outcome in serious disorders. However, these diagnosis methods possess specific disadvantages with respect to sensitivity and specificity to contrast agents, tissue contrast, spatial resolution, accumulation and tissue penetration. The use of nanocarriers such as dendrimers within diagnostic systems for therapeutic or imaging agents can improve the pharmacological properties of commonly used imaging agents. Hyperbranched dendrimers permit rational manipulation of contrasting agents to optimize its physical characteristics, biodistribution, targeting, controlled release and elimination. In this systems, bioimaging agents can be either encapsulated in the dendrimer core or attached to polymer surface via covalent linkage. Dendrimer-based systems have many advantages over the conventional contrast agents, such as a prolonged blood circulation time, facile surface functionalization, an extended imaging time, the desired biocompatibility, and enhanced imaging parameters. This chapter illustrates the various advantages of using dendrimer for imaging purpose in various diagnostic and theranostic modalities.
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Methods in Microbiology, 2019
Abstract Nanotechnology has emerged as a tool for developing advanced therapies to control and co... more Abstract Nanotechnology has emerged as a tool for developing advanced therapies to control and combat infections. Antibiotic resistance and side effects are the latest challenges for development and application of available antimicrobials. Biocompatible nanomaterials confer potential strategies for preventing drug-resistance in microbes, basically by improving the therapeutic effect of current antimicrobial drugs. Nanotechnology-based carriers referred to as nanovehicles (NVs), have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra-small and controllable size, large surface area to volume ratio, high reactivity, and functionalize structure. The antimicrobial nanovehicles can facilitate and specifically target the antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming the above limitations of conventional antimicrobial therapy. In this book chapter, we describe the limitations of current antimicrobial therapy, advances in the delivery of antimicrobial drugs using nanovehicles and clinically approved nanomedicines for the treatment of microbial infections.
Current Drug Metabolism, 2019
Background: In the last few years, the use of modified Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) for theranosti... more Background: In the last few years, the use of modified Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) for theranostics (therapeutic and diagnosis) applications is a new and rapidly growing area in pharmacy and medical fields. Owing to this, their specific physicochemical behaviors like high stability, drug loading, surface area to volume ratio, with low toxicity and immunogenicity are mainly responsible to be considered those as smart nanomaterials. Objective: This review describes the different dimensions of carbon-based nanocarriers including 0-D fullerene, 1-D Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), and 2-D graphene and Graphene Oxide (GO) and their surface modification with different biocompatible and biodegradable molecules via covalent or non-covalent functionalization. The major focus of this article is on the different theranostics applications of CNMs like targeted drugs and genes delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioimaging, and biosensing. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs could be enh...
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Papers by Divya Bharti Rai