Papers by Delphine Oudiette
Science Advances, 2021
A single minute of sleep onset is sufficient to boost the probability of insight by a factor of t... more A single minute of sleep onset is sufficient to boost the probability of insight by a factor of three compared to wake.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: When sounds associated with learning are presented again during slow-wave sleep... more STUDY OBJECTIVES: When sounds associated with learning are presented again during slow-wave sleep, targeted memory reactivation (TMR) can produce improvements in subsequent location recall. Here we used TMR to investigate memory consolidation during an afternoon nap as a function of prior learning.
PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy individuals (8 male, 19-23 y old).
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Participants learned to associate each of 50 common objects with a unique screen location. When each object appeared, its characteristic sound was played. After electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes were applied, location recall was assessed for each object, followed by a 90-min interval for sleep. During EEG-verified slow-wave sleep, half of the sounds were quietly presented over white noise. Recall was assessed 3 h after initial learning. A beneficial effect of TMR was found in the form of higher recall accuracy for cued objects compared to uncued objects when pre-sleep accuracy was used as an explanatory variable. An analysis of individual differences revealed that this benefit was greater for participants with higher pre-sleep recall accuracy. In an analysis for individual objects, cueing benefits were apparent as long as initial recall was not highly accurate. Sleep physiology analyses revealed that the cueing benefit correlated with delta power and fast spindle density.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings substantiate the use of targeted memory reactivation (TMR) methods for manipulating consolidation during sleep. TMR can selectively strengthen memory storage for object-location associations learned prior to sleep, except for those near-perfectly memorized. Neural measures found in conjunction with TMR-induced strengthening provide additional evidence about mechanisms of sleep consolidation.
Neuropsychologia, 2014
Natural languages contain countless regularities. Extraction of these patterns is an essential co... more Natural languages contain countless regularities. Extraction of these patterns is an essential component of language acquisition. Here we examined the hypothesis that memory processing during sleep contributes to this learning. We exposed participants to a hidden linguistic rule by presenting a large number of two-word phrases, each including a noun preceded by one of four novel words that functioned as an article (e.g., gi rhino). These novel words (ul, gi, ro and ne) were presented as obeying an explicit rule: two words signified that the noun referent was relatively near, and two that it was relatively far. Undisclosed to participants was the fact that the novel articles also predicted noun animacy, with two of the articles preceding animate referents and the other two preceding inanimate referents. Rule acquisition was tested implicitly using a task in which participants responded to each phrase according to whether the noun was animate or inanimate. Learning of the hidden rule ...
Sleep, 2009
Sleep terrors and sleepwalking are described as arousals from slow wave sleep with no or poor men... more Sleep terrors and sleepwalking are described as arousals from slow wave sleep with no or poor mental recollection. To characterize the mental content retrospectively associated with sleep terrors or sleepwalking. University Hospital. Controlled prospective cohort. Forty-three patients referred for severe sleepwalking/sleep terrors (age: 26 +/- 7 y, 46% men, 5 with sleep terrors only, 8 with sleepwalking only, and 30 with both), matched with 25 healthy control subjects. Thirty-eight of the 43 patients (88%) underwent an interview about the frequency, time, behaviors, and mental content associated with the episodes of sleepwalking and sleep terrors, whenever they occurred over a lifetime. The mental contents were classified for complexity (Orlinski score), and for characters, emotions, fortune/misfortune, and social interactions (Hall and Van de Castle categories). Patients and control subjects underwent an overnight video-polysomnogram. Seventy-one percent of the patients reported at...
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2013
Sleep Medicine, 2010
1. Sleep Med. 2010 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] Snoring, penile erection and loss of reflexive co... more 1. Sleep Med. 2010 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] Snoring, penile erection and loss of reflexive consciousness during REM sleep behavior disorder. Oudiette D,Leclair-Visonneau L, Arnulf I. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris ...
Sleep Medicine, 2009
A 40-year-old woman with no prior parasomnia developed an acute inflammatory rhombencephalitis wi... more A 40-year-old woman with no prior parasomnia developed an acute inflammatory rhombencephalitis with multiple cranial nerve palsies and cerebellar ataxia, followed by myelitis 6 months later, and by an intracranial thrombophlebitis 1 month after. Between and after these episodes, she had a persistent, mild right internuclear ophtalmoplegia, a mild cerebellar ataxia, and a severe REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) lasting for 2 years. She talked, sang and moved nightly while asleep, and injured her son (cosleeping with her) while asleep. In addition, she walked asleep nightly. During video-polysomnography, there were two arousals during slow wave sleep without abnormal behavior, while 44% of REM sleep was without chin muscle atonia with bilateral arm and leg movements. There were small hypointensities in the right pontine tegmentum and in the right dorsal medulla on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, suggesting post-inflammatory lesions that persisted between acute episodes. The RBD and sleepwalking did not improve with clonazepam, but improved with melatonin 9 mg/d. The unilateral small lesion of the pontine tegmentum could be responsible for the parasomnia overlap disorder as in other rare lesional cases.
Sleep Medicine, 2010
Parkinson&amp... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness. Upper airway dysfunction in PD may promote obstructive sleep apnea. However, the frequency and clinical relevance of sleep-disordered breathing in PD remains unclear. Sleep apnea symptoms, cardiovascular events and treatment were collected in 100 patients with PD (50 unselected, consecutive patients matched for age, sex and body mass index with 50 patients referred for sleepiness) and 50 in-hospital controls. The motor and cognitive status was evaluated in patients with PD. The 150 subjects underwent a video-polysomnography. Sleep apnea (defined as an apnea-hypopnea index greater than 5) was less frequent in the PD group (27% patients, including 6% with mild, 11% with moderate and 10% with severe sleep apnea) than in the control group (40% in-hospital controls, p<0.002). Sleep apnea was not associated with increased sleepiness, nocturia, depression, cognitive impairment and cardiovascular events in patients with PD. Sleep apnea was more frequent and severe in the most disabled patients. Patients with PD did not display sleep hypoventilation, stridor and abnormal central sleep apnea. In patients with REM sleep behavior disorders, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea occurred during REM sleep, although the chin muscle tone was maintained. Obstructive sleep apnea does not seem to be a clinically relevant issue in PD. Daytime sleepiness, nocturia and cognitive impairment are mostly caused by other, non-apneic mechanisms. The maintenance of chin muscle tone during REM sleep behavior disorder has no influence on the frequency of apneic events.
Neuron, 2013
Sleep has many inherent benefits, including an important role in memory consolidation. In this is... more Sleep has many inherent benefits, including an important role in memory consolidation. In this issue of Neuron, Ngo et al. (2013b) demonstrate that appropriately timed sounds delivered during sleep can invigorate electrophysiological oscillations conducive to memory stabilization.
Neurology, 2009
To document unusual, nonviolent behaviors during REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and evaluate t... more To document unusual, nonviolent behaviors during REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and evaluate their frequency in Parkinson disease (PD). Most behaviors previously described during RBD mimic attacks, suggesting they proceed from archaic defense generators in the brainstem. Feeding, drinking, sexual behaviors, urination, and defecation have not been documented yet in RBD. We collected 24 cases of nonviolent behaviors during idiopathic and symptomatic RBD (narcolepsy, dementia with Lewy bodies, PD), reported or observed in videopolysomnography. The frequency of violent and nonviolent behaviors during RBD was evaluated by face to face interview of patients and their cosleepers in a prospective series of 100 patients with PD. Incidental cases of nonviolent behaviors during RBD included masturbating-like behavior and coitus-like pelvic thrusting, mimicking eating and drinking, urinating and defecating, displaying pleasant behaviors (laughing, singing, dancing, whistling, smoking a fictive cigarette, clapping and gesturing "thumbs up"), greeting, flying, building a stair, dealing textiles, inspecting the army, searching a treasure, and giving lessons. Speeches were mumbled or contained logical sentences with normal prosody. In PD with RBD (n = 60), 18% of patients displayed nonviolent behaviors. In this series (but not in incidental cases), all RBD patients with nonviolent behaviors also showed violent behaviors. Although they are less frequent than violent behaviors, nonviolent behaviors during REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fill a large spectrum including learned speeches and culture-specific behaviors, suggesting they proceed from the cortex activation. Sexual behaviors during RBD may expose patients and cosleepers to forensic consequences.
Movement Disorders, 2012
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a common pattern in movements during REM ... more The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a common pattern in movements during REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We blindly compared video-monitored movements during RBD (n = 136 clips) and wakefulness/arousal (n = 53 clips) in patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 29) and without parkinsonism (idiopathic RBD, n = 31; narcolepsy, n = 5). The scorers accurately guessed the sleep/wake stage of 94% of video clips. Compared with wake movements, RBD movements were faster and more often repeated, jerky, and pseudohallucinatory, not self-centered, never associated with tremor, and rarely involved the environment in an appropriate manner. A specific posture of the hand (limp wrist with flexed digits) during grasping movements was evidenced during RBD in 48% of patients, reminiscent of hand-babbling in babies. These characteristics of movements were found in the 3 conditions (Parkinson's disease, idiopathic RBD, and primary narcolepsy), delineating a common motor signature of RBD.
Current Opinion in Neurology, 2008
Sleep problems are frequent and disabling in patients with Parkinson&... more Sleep problems are frequent and disabling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recent data provide major advances in the mechanisms and consequences of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, insomnia and narcolepsy-like daytime sleepiness. A large series confirms that rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders may precede parkinsonism or dementia (particuarly, but not exclusively, Lewy bodies dementia) for several years. In Parkinson's disease, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders expose patients to higher risks of dementia and hallucinations. Surprisingly, parkinsonism disappears during rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, suggesting basal ganglia are bypassed. The interest for structures controlling atonia during rapid eye movement sleep switches from the pedunculopontine nuclei to the locus subcoeruleus. The neuropathology of hypothalamus in Parkinson's disease indicates a massive hypocretin loss, probably underlying the narcolepsy phenotype. The benefit of the new, 24-h long acting ropinirole and transdermal rotigotine on sleep and sleepiness is modest. Eventually, the dopamine release in the mesocorticolimbic pathway is increased during rapid eye movement sleep, supporting its role in dopaminergic-induced vivid dreams. In clinical practice, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders should be looked at as heralding neurodegenerative diseases in patients with mild cognitive impairment and as a risk factor for dementia and hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Consciousness and Cognition, 2012
To test whether mental activities collected from non-REM sleep are influenced by REM sleep, we su... more To test whether mental activities collected from non-REM sleep are influenced by REM sleep, we suppressed REM sleep using clomipramine 50 mg (an antidepressant) or placebo in the evening, in a double blind cross-over design, in 11 healthy young men. Subjects were awakened every hour and asked about their mental activity. The marked (81%, range 39-98%) REM-sleep suppression induced by clomipramine did not substantially affect any aspects of dream recall (report length, complexity, bizarreness, pleasantness and self-perception of dream or thought-like mentation). Since long, complex and bizarre dreams persist even after suppressing REM sleep either partially or totally, it suggests that the generation of mental activity during sleep is independent of sleep stage.
Brain, 2010
Rapid eye movements and complex visual dreams are salient features of human rapid eye movement sl... more Rapid eye movements and complex visual dreams are salient features of human rapid eye movement sleep. However, it remains to be elucidated whether the eyes scan dream images, despite studies that have retrospectively compared the direction of rapid eye movements to the dream recall recorded after having awakened the sleeper. We used the model of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (when patients enact their dreams by persistence of muscle tone) to determine directly whether the eyes move in the same directions as the head and limbs. In 56 patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 17 healthy matched controls, the eye movements were monitored by electrooculography in four (right, left, up and down) directions, calibrated with a target and synchronized with video and sleep monitoring. The rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder-associated behaviours occurred 2.1 times more frequently during rapid eye movement sleep with than without rapid eye movements, and more often during or after rapid eye movements than before. Rapid eye movement density, index and complexity were similar in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and controls. When rapid eye movements accompanied goal-oriented motor behaviour during rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (e.g. grabbing a fictive object, hand greetings, climbing a ladder), which happened in 19 sequences, 82% were directed towards the action of the patient (same plane and direction). When restricted to the determinant rapid eye movements, the concordance increased to 90%. Rapid eye movements were absent in 38-42% of behaviours. This directional coherence between limbs, head and eye movements during rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder suggests that, when present, rapid eye movements imitate the scanning of the dream scene. Since the rapid eye movements are similar in subjects with and without rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, this concordance can be extended to normal rapid eye movement sleep.
Archives of Neurology, 2008
Sleep disorders including insomnia, movements during sleep, and daytime sleepiness are common but... more Sleep disorders including insomnia, movements during sleep, and daytime sleepiness are common but poorly studied in Huntington disease (HD). To evaluate the HD sleep-wake phenotype (including abnormal motor activity during sleep) in patients with various HD stages and the length of CAG repeats. Because a mild hypocretin deficiency has been found in the brains of some patients with HD (hereinafter referred to as HD patients), we also tested the HD patients for narcolepsy. Twenty-five HD patients (including 2 premanifest carriers) underwent clinical interview, nighttime video and sleep monitoring, and daytime multiple sleep latency tests. Their results were compared with those of patients with narcolepsy and control patients. The HD patients had frequent insomnia, earlier sleep onset, lower sleep efficiency, increased stage 1 sleep, delayed and shortened rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and increased periodic leg movements. Three HD patients (12%) had REM sleep behavior disorders. No sleep abnormality correlated with CAG repeat length. Reduced REM sleep duration (but not REM sleep behavior disorders) was present in premanifest carriers and patients with very mild HD and worsened with disease severity. In contrast to narcoleptic patients, HD patients had no cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, or sleep paralysis. Four HD patients had abnormally low (< 8 minutes) daytime sleep latencies, but none had multiple sleep-onset REM periods. The sleep phenotype of HD includes insomnia, advanced sleep phase, periodic leg movements, REM sleep behavior disorders, and reduced REM sleep but not narcolepsy. Reduced REM sleep may precede chorea. Mutant huntingtin may exert an effect on REM sleep and motor control during sleep.
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Papers by Delphine Oudiette
PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy individuals (8 male, 19-23 y old).
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Participants learned to associate each of 50 common objects with a unique screen location. When each object appeared, its characteristic sound was played. After electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes were applied, location recall was assessed for each object, followed by a 90-min interval for sleep. During EEG-verified slow-wave sleep, half of the sounds were quietly presented over white noise. Recall was assessed 3 h after initial learning. A beneficial effect of TMR was found in the form of higher recall accuracy for cued objects compared to uncued objects when pre-sleep accuracy was used as an explanatory variable. An analysis of individual differences revealed that this benefit was greater for participants with higher pre-sleep recall accuracy. In an analysis for individual objects, cueing benefits were apparent as long as initial recall was not highly accurate. Sleep physiology analyses revealed that the cueing benefit correlated with delta power and fast spindle density.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings substantiate the use of targeted memory reactivation (TMR) methods for manipulating consolidation during sleep. TMR can selectively strengthen memory storage for object-location associations learned prior to sleep, except for those near-perfectly memorized. Neural measures found in conjunction with TMR-induced strengthening provide additional evidence about mechanisms of sleep consolidation.
PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy individuals (8 male, 19-23 y old).
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Participants learned to associate each of 50 common objects with a unique screen location. When each object appeared, its characteristic sound was played. After electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes were applied, location recall was assessed for each object, followed by a 90-min interval for sleep. During EEG-verified slow-wave sleep, half of the sounds were quietly presented over white noise. Recall was assessed 3 h after initial learning. A beneficial effect of TMR was found in the form of higher recall accuracy for cued objects compared to uncued objects when pre-sleep accuracy was used as an explanatory variable. An analysis of individual differences revealed that this benefit was greater for participants with higher pre-sleep recall accuracy. In an analysis for individual objects, cueing benefits were apparent as long as initial recall was not highly accurate. Sleep physiology analyses revealed that the cueing benefit correlated with delta power and fast spindle density.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings substantiate the use of targeted memory reactivation (TMR) methods for manipulating consolidation during sleep. TMR can selectively strengthen memory storage for object-location associations learned prior to sleep, except for those near-perfectly memorized. Neural measures found in conjunction with TMR-induced strengthening provide additional evidence about mechanisms of sleep consolidation.