The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) is one of Asia's leading not-for-profit polic... more The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) is one of Asia's leading not-for-profit policy research institutions. The Council uses data, integrated analysis, and strategic outreach to explain-and changethe use, reuse, and misuse of resources. The Council addresses pressing global challenges through an integrated and internationally focused approach. It prides itself on the independence of its high-quality research, develops partnerships with public and private institutions, and engages with the wider public. The Council's illustrious Board comprises Mr Jamshyd Godrej (Chairperson),
As our era is moving toward the modern era and technology is becoming it's Important part of ... more As our era is moving toward the modern era and technology is becoming it's Important part of it and light transmitting Concrete is also coming out as a modern concrete. Due to its properties it is different from the normal Concrete as it is also known as by the other name transparent Concrete and translucent Concrete. By adding optical fibre ( layering optical fibre in concrete) can be some especial properties of transferring light from one end to other hand, it absorb artificial and natural light which help to save the power consumption of illumination. On The beauty hand we can use light transmitting concrete as a divide wall interior of living halls, celling decoration, for Company logo without using any power consumption etc. on the environmental effect. It also use in the construction of green buildings and effect on the less use of artificial lights in the building including sky scrape too. So basically light transmitting concrete is going to save the artificial light and ...
2020 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal Processing and Cyber Security (iSSSC), 2020
Light has dual nature (particle and wave). Solar PV technology exploits particle nature of light ... more Light has dual nature (particle and wave). Solar PV technology exploits particle nature of light and converts light to electricity by charge separation method. The lower efficiency of PV system is hindering their wide-spread commercial use. Optical rectenna exploits wave nature of light and not limited to the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. Carbon nanotubes are the quasi one-dimensional structure and possess exceptional thermo-mechanical and optical properties. They show antenna like properties and can be used in an optical rectenna due to their excellent properties. In this article, recent improvement in the design and efficiency of CNT optical rectenna is discussed.
2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2016
In this paper, a simplified technique is proposed which enables the user to nullify offset whenev... more In this paper, a simplified technique is proposed which enables the user to nullify offset whenever power is switched on of the circuit and also based on the requirement of the user. In this method strain sensor is the part of the resistive bridge which is used as Quarter Bridge. The voltage excitation to the bridge is provided by a voltage reference. The output of the bridge reaches precision sensor signal amplifier through over-voltage protection circuit. Dynamic range and bridge offset adjustment both can be achieved in the circuit as per requirement. High precision Analog to Digital Converter digitizes data. The output is then captured on the monitoring computer to verify the results.
The rapid growth of network utilization raises a new concept as wireless sensor networks (WSN). S... more The rapid growth of network utilization raises a new concept as wireless sensor networks (WSN). Sensor networks consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensor to monitor physical or environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, sound pressure etc.) to develop area monitoring, air quality monitoring, and forest fire detection kind of applications. The major design constraint with WSN is resources utilization. Subsequently, work need to perform clustering and routing using node’s information for data transmission. The work propose a novel multi cluster policy to reduce energy consumption during clustering process and overcome routing overhead on routing nodes. The proposed policy also avoids frequent election process during clustering by developing seniority table. The approach also investigates network traffic and nodes energy condition before head selection to develop dynamic clustering policy. Furthermore, work also proposed that, any variation in the network can be intimated thr...
Due to computation-intensive nature of LDPC decoders, a lot of research is going towards efficient ... more Due to computation-intensive nature of LDPC decoders, a lot of research is going towards efficient implementation of their original algorithm (SPA). As "Min-Sum" approximation is basically an overestimation of SPA, this thesis investigates more accurate, yet area efficient, approximations of SPA, to select an optimum one. In a general comparison between main approximation methods (e.g. LUT, PWL, CRI), PWL showed the most area-efficiency. Studying different mathematical formats of SPA, Soft-XOR based format with forward-backward scheme was chosen for hard- ware implementation. Its core function (Soft-XOR) was implemented with CRI approximation, which achieved the highest efficiency, compare to other approxi- mations. Using this core function, a flexible, pipe-lined, Soft-XOR based CNU (the computational unit of LDPC decoders) with forward-backward architecture was developed in 18nm CMOS. The implemented CNU’s area and speed can eas- ily be changed in instantiation. A SPA decoder base...
Price forecasting has become one of the key factors for competition in the deregulated electricit... more Price forecasting has become one of the key factors for competition in the deregulated electricity market and it is necessary to know future electricity prices for generating companies as their profitability depends on them. The precision of the price forecasting model is essential in bidding strategies. The major problem with the models based on artificial neural networks is that they usually need a large number of training data and neurons. To overcome these issues, a new structure using generalized neurons (GN) is being adopted which require smaller data set for training which makes it very useful for price forecasting for places where historical data available is not sufficient to use ANN. In the proposed work, a hybrid model using generalized neuron is used for comparing the performance using different cost functions.
2017 IEEE 7th International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2017
In this article, we create a capsule of a lecture video using visual quality techniques which is ... more In this article, we create a capsule of a lecture video using visual quality techniques which is a abstract of the lecture video. We first perform temporal segmentation to divide the video into number of shots. The activities of a lecture video can be divided into three categories: slide show, talking head, writing hand. We have developed a different and new approach for determining the quality of non-content and content frames crucial in the lecture video. Different features of the frame histogram are exploited to derive a quality factor for the detected frames. Hence we are able to extract high quality frames with high information content as well as few non content frames (talking head frames) for video clip selection. Finally in recreation of media to produce the capsule of the video, we select a video segments around these selected non content and content frames. Using this technique we are able to obtain a preview of the video which can be viewed in lesser time, hence it is beneficial to the viewers.
Regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl indoles, benzofurans and benzosultams via sequential base-me... more Regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl indoles, benzofurans and benzosultams via sequential base-mediated formal vinylic substitution and intramolecular Heck coupling reaction is described.
Efficient mining of association rules on a transaction dataset is an interesting and a challengin... more Efficient mining of association rules on a transaction dataset is an interesting and a challenging problem. The state-of-the-art MASP algorithm is dependent on the order of items in the transaction. We propose OOIMASP algorithm, which has two novel properties-1) order independence and 2) it takes into consideration the origin of items to calculate unbiased support and unbiased confidence values. Order dependence is one of the drawbacks of MASP. OOIMASP addresses this issue by rearranging the items in transactions using a greedy frequency based approach. We compare the performance of our system with MASP on five synthetic data sets and three public data sets. The results show that our proposed approach outperforms the MASP in both the comparison metrics, i.e., the number of association rules generated and the length of the longest association rule. Both these metrics are important to evaluate the performance of an algorithm. On an average, OOIMASP algorithm generates 632% longer rules and 457% more association rules than MASP algorithm. The disadvantage of the proposed algorithm is, it requires more computational resources in terms of time, approximately 5 times more than MASP. We claim that the extra information extracted using our method compensates for the increase in time complexity as compared to MASP. The proposed method produces multiple trees which can be very useful in the visual analysis of data.
INTRODUCTION: Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a platform technology under develo... more INTRODUCTION: Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a platform technology under development for the treatment of various cancers. PIT is a drug + device combination that utilizes monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a dye (IRDye 700DX) that are activated with nonthermal red light illumination to induce rapid cell death by necrosis. Binding of the antibody-dye conjugate to cancer cells followed by photoactivation with nonthermal red light elicits rapid necrosis of the cancer cells bound to the antibody conjugate, providing very high cancer cell specificity. Given the rapid cell necrosis induced by PIT treatment, we hypothesized that PIT also induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a step to activate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, whether PIT results in ICD of targeted cancer cells and activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. METHODS: Human cancer cells (A431 and FaDu cells) were targeted by PIT, and evaluated for ICD markers in vitro. Human dendritic cells exposed to supernatants of PIT-killed cancer cells were evaluated for activation markers and cytokine production. An immunocompetent mouse model for PIT was also developed to determine intratumoral immune activation after treatment with PIT. RESULTS: After photoactivation, PIT-targeted human cancer cells upregulated cell surface ICD markers Hsp70, Hsp90, and calreticulin, as well as release of intracellular HMGB1. Human dendritic cells exposed to PIT-killed cell supernatants exhibited markers of immune activation (CD86 and MHCII), and secreted proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IP-10, IL-1β, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, and IL-8. In an immunocompetent mouse model, tumors treated by PIT displayed increased percentage of intratumoral CD11c+ dendritic cells with activation markers MHCIIhigh, CD80, and PD-L1. In addition, intratumoral natural killer cells from PIT treated tumors displayed increased cytotoxic activity (CD3-DX5+CD69+ and CD3-DX5+CD107a+), as well as an increased population of total CD3+ CD8+ T cells, compared to non-PIT treated tumors. CONCLUSION: Cancer cells killed by PIT undergo ICD, which results in the activation of intratumoral innate and adaptive immune response in a preclinical mouse model. Combination studies with PIT and immune modulators are warranted to explore potential synergistic anticancer effects. Citation Format: Michelle A. Hsu, Stephanie M. Okamura, Daniele M. Bergeron, Deepak Yadav, Jerry J. Fong, Roger Heim, Miguel Garcia-Guzman. Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy elicits immunogenic cell death and activates the innate and adaptive immune response in the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3734.
Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, 2018
Objective: To assess the outcome of thyroid surgeries at Patan HospitalMaterials and Methods: It ... more Objective: To assess the outcome of thyroid surgeries at Patan HospitalMaterials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of in-patient records of patients undergoing thyroid surgeries for various indications from April 2013 to January 2015 at Patan Hospital, Lalitpur.Results: During the period of 21 months, 75 patients underwent thyroid surgeries. Majority of patients underwent hemithyroidectomy (35) followed by total thyroidectomy (28), subtotal thyroidectomy (7) and completion thyroidectomy (5). Out of 28 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT), 11 underwent central compartment clearance (CCC), 5 underwent CCC and lateral neck dissection. Among 5 patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy, CCC was performed in all cases and in one patient lateral neck dissection was also performed. A total of 13 patients developed unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLN), among them 5 had permanent palsy. Tracheostomy had to be done in immediate postoperative period for stridor fo...
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2016
Structure determination of RNA-protein complexes is essential for our understanding of the multip... more Structure determination of RNA-protein complexes is essential for our understanding of the multiple layers of RNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Over the past 20years, NMR spectroscopy became a key tool for structural studies of RNA-protein interactions. Here, we review the progress being made in NMR structure determination of large ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We discuss approaches for the design of RNA-protein complexes for NMR structural studies, established and emerging isotope and segmental labeling schemes suitable for large RNPs and how to gain distance restraints from NOEs, PREs and EPR and orientational information from RDCs and SAXS/SANS in such systems. The new combination of NMR measurements with MD simulations and its potential will also be discussed. Application and combination of these various methods for structure determination of large RNPs will be illustrated with three large RNA-protein complexes (>40kDa) and other interesting complexes determined in the past six and a half years.
Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing ... more Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/ vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/ VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured-15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at 38°C over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.
Insecticidal application was initiated at the economic threshold level (3 larvae M−1 linear row) ... more Insecticidal application was initiated at the economic threshold level (3 larvae M−1 linear row) and the subsequent application at pod initiation. The larval population was recorded before and after spraying at different intervals of 3, 8 and 14 day after treatment. The larval mortality varied at different intervals after treatment at both the sprayings. However, the highest larval mortality was noticed in Lambda cyhalothrin @ 50 a.i. ha−1 at 3 DAT and it was also the highest in case of Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 at 8 and 14 days after the insecticidal application. Based on two year studies, the highest yield in Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 which was in parity with Ha NPV-350 LE ha−1. On the basis of overall performance of these ecofriendly pesticide Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 or lambda cyhabthrin 50 g a.i. ha−1 may be applied for controlling the gram pod borer in chick pea.
The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) is one of Asia's leading not-for-profit polic... more The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) is one of Asia's leading not-for-profit policy research institutions. The Council uses data, integrated analysis, and strategic outreach to explain-and changethe use, reuse, and misuse of resources. The Council addresses pressing global challenges through an integrated and internationally focused approach. It prides itself on the independence of its high-quality research, develops partnerships with public and private institutions, and engages with the wider public. The Council's illustrious Board comprises Mr Jamshyd Godrej (Chairperson),
As our era is moving toward the modern era and technology is becoming it's Important part of ... more As our era is moving toward the modern era and technology is becoming it's Important part of it and light transmitting Concrete is also coming out as a modern concrete. Due to its properties it is different from the normal Concrete as it is also known as by the other name transparent Concrete and translucent Concrete. By adding optical fibre ( layering optical fibre in concrete) can be some especial properties of transferring light from one end to other hand, it absorb artificial and natural light which help to save the power consumption of illumination. On The beauty hand we can use light transmitting concrete as a divide wall interior of living halls, celling decoration, for Company logo without using any power consumption etc. on the environmental effect. It also use in the construction of green buildings and effect on the less use of artificial lights in the building including sky scrape too. So basically light transmitting concrete is going to save the artificial light and ...
2020 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal Processing and Cyber Security (iSSSC), 2020
Light has dual nature (particle and wave). Solar PV technology exploits particle nature of light ... more Light has dual nature (particle and wave). Solar PV technology exploits particle nature of light and converts light to electricity by charge separation method. The lower efficiency of PV system is hindering their wide-spread commercial use. Optical rectenna exploits wave nature of light and not limited to the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. Carbon nanotubes are the quasi one-dimensional structure and possess exceptional thermo-mechanical and optical properties. They show antenna like properties and can be used in an optical rectenna due to their excellent properties. In this article, recent improvement in the design and efficiency of CNT optical rectenna is discussed.
2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2016
In this paper, a simplified technique is proposed which enables the user to nullify offset whenev... more In this paper, a simplified technique is proposed which enables the user to nullify offset whenever power is switched on of the circuit and also based on the requirement of the user. In this method strain sensor is the part of the resistive bridge which is used as Quarter Bridge. The voltage excitation to the bridge is provided by a voltage reference. The output of the bridge reaches precision sensor signal amplifier through over-voltage protection circuit. Dynamic range and bridge offset adjustment both can be achieved in the circuit as per requirement. High precision Analog to Digital Converter digitizes data. The output is then captured on the monitoring computer to verify the results.
The rapid growth of network utilization raises a new concept as wireless sensor networks (WSN). S... more The rapid growth of network utilization raises a new concept as wireless sensor networks (WSN). Sensor networks consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensor to monitor physical or environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, sound pressure etc.) to develop area monitoring, air quality monitoring, and forest fire detection kind of applications. The major design constraint with WSN is resources utilization. Subsequently, work need to perform clustering and routing using node’s information for data transmission. The work propose a novel multi cluster policy to reduce energy consumption during clustering process and overcome routing overhead on routing nodes. The proposed policy also avoids frequent election process during clustering by developing seniority table. The approach also investigates network traffic and nodes energy condition before head selection to develop dynamic clustering policy. Furthermore, work also proposed that, any variation in the network can be intimated thr...
Due to computation-intensive nature of LDPC decoders, a lot of research is going towards efficient ... more Due to computation-intensive nature of LDPC decoders, a lot of research is going towards efficient implementation of their original algorithm (SPA). As "Min-Sum" approximation is basically an overestimation of SPA, this thesis investigates more accurate, yet area efficient, approximations of SPA, to select an optimum one. In a general comparison between main approximation methods (e.g. LUT, PWL, CRI), PWL showed the most area-efficiency. Studying different mathematical formats of SPA, Soft-XOR based format with forward-backward scheme was chosen for hard- ware implementation. Its core function (Soft-XOR) was implemented with CRI approximation, which achieved the highest efficiency, compare to other approxi- mations. Using this core function, a flexible, pipe-lined, Soft-XOR based CNU (the computational unit of LDPC decoders) with forward-backward architecture was developed in 18nm CMOS. The implemented CNU’s area and speed can eas- ily be changed in instantiation. A SPA decoder base...
Price forecasting has become one of the key factors for competition in the deregulated electricit... more Price forecasting has become one of the key factors for competition in the deregulated electricity market and it is necessary to know future electricity prices for generating companies as their profitability depends on them. The precision of the price forecasting model is essential in bidding strategies. The major problem with the models based on artificial neural networks is that they usually need a large number of training data and neurons. To overcome these issues, a new structure using generalized neurons (GN) is being adopted which require smaller data set for training which makes it very useful for price forecasting for places where historical data available is not sufficient to use ANN. In the proposed work, a hybrid model using generalized neuron is used for comparing the performance using different cost functions.
2017 IEEE 7th International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2017
In this article, we create a capsule of a lecture video using visual quality techniques which is ... more In this article, we create a capsule of a lecture video using visual quality techniques which is a abstract of the lecture video. We first perform temporal segmentation to divide the video into number of shots. The activities of a lecture video can be divided into three categories: slide show, talking head, writing hand. We have developed a different and new approach for determining the quality of non-content and content frames crucial in the lecture video. Different features of the frame histogram are exploited to derive a quality factor for the detected frames. Hence we are able to extract high quality frames with high information content as well as few non content frames (talking head frames) for video clip selection. Finally in recreation of media to produce the capsule of the video, we select a video segments around these selected non content and content frames. Using this technique we are able to obtain a preview of the video which can be viewed in lesser time, hence it is beneficial to the viewers.
Regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl indoles, benzofurans and benzosultams via sequential base-me... more Regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl indoles, benzofurans and benzosultams via sequential base-mediated formal vinylic substitution and intramolecular Heck coupling reaction is described.
Efficient mining of association rules on a transaction dataset is an interesting and a challengin... more Efficient mining of association rules on a transaction dataset is an interesting and a challenging problem. The state-of-the-art MASP algorithm is dependent on the order of items in the transaction. We propose OOIMASP algorithm, which has two novel properties-1) order independence and 2) it takes into consideration the origin of items to calculate unbiased support and unbiased confidence values. Order dependence is one of the drawbacks of MASP. OOIMASP addresses this issue by rearranging the items in transactions using a greedy frequency based approach. We compare the performance of our system with MASP on five synthetic data sets and three public data sets. The results show that our proposed approach outperforms the MASP in both the comparison metrics, i.e., the number of association rules generated and the length of the longest association rule. Both these metrics are important to evaluate the performance of an algorithm. On an average, OOIMASP algorithm generates 632% longer rules and 457% more association rules than MASP algorithm. The disadvantage of the proposed algorithm is, it requires more computational resources in terms of time, approximately 5 times more than MASP. We claim that the extra information extracted using our method compensates for the increase in time complexity as compared to MASP. The proposed method produces multiple trees which can be very useful in the visual analysis of data.
INTRODUCTION: Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a platform technology under develo... more INTRODUCTION: Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a platform technology under development for the treatment of various cancers. PIT is a drug + device combination that utilizes monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a dye (IRDye 700DX) that are activated with nonthermal red light illumination to induce rapid cell death by necrosis. Binding of the antibody-dye conjugate to cancer cells followed by photoactivation with nonthermal red light elicits rapid necrosis of the cancer cells bound to the antibody conjugate, providing very high cancer cell specificity. Given the rapid cell necrosis induced by PIT treatment, we hypothesized that PIT also induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a step to activate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, whether PIT results in ICD of targeted cancer cells and activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. METHODS: Human cancer cells (A431 and FaDu cells) were targeted by PIT, and evaluated for ICD markers in vitro. Human dendritic cells exposed to supernatants of PIT-killed cancer cells were evaluated for activation markers and cytokine production. An immunocompetent mouse model for PIT was also developed to determine intratumoral immune activation after treatment with PIT. RESULTS: After photoactivation, PIT-targeted human cancer cells upregulated cell surface ICD markers Hsp70, Hsp90, and calreticulin, as well as release of intracellular HMGB1. Human dendritic cells exposed to PIT-killed cell supernatants exhibited markers of immune activation (CD86 and MHCII), and secreted proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IP-10, IL-1β, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, and IL-8. In an immunocompetent mouse model, tumors treated by PIT displayed increased percentage of intratumoral CD11c+ dendritic cells with activation markers MHCIIhigh, CD80, and PD-L1. In addition, intratumoral natural killer cells from PIT treated tumors displayed increased cytotoxic activity (CD3-DX5+CD69+ and CD3-DX5+CD107a+), as well as an increased population of total CD3+ CD8+ T cells, compared to non-PIT treated tumors. CONCLUSION: Cancer cells killed by PIT undergo ICD, which results in the activation of intratumoral innate and adaptive immune response in a preclinical mouse model. Combination studies with PIT and immune modulators are warranted to explore potential synergistic anticancer effects. Citation Format: Michelle A. Hsu, Stephanie M. Okamura, Daniele M. Bergeron, Deepak Yadav, Jerry J. Fong, Roger Heim, Miguel Garcia-Guzman. Cancer cell-targeted photoimmunotherapy elicits immunogenic cell death and activates the innate and adaptive immune response in the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3734.
Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, 2018
Objective: To assess the outcome of thyroid surgeries at Patan HospitalMaterials and Methods: It ... more Objective: To assess the outcome of thyroid surgeries at Patan HospitalMaterials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of in-patient records of patients undergoing thyroid surgeries for various indications from April 2013 to January 2015 at Patan Hospital, Lalitpur.Results: During the period of 21 months, 75 patients underwent thyroid surgeries. Majority of patients underwent hemithyroidectomy (35) followed by total thyroidectomy (28), subtotal thyroidectomy (7) and completion thyroidectomy (5). Out of 28 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT), 11 underwent central compartment clearance (CCC), 5 underwent CCC and lateral neck dissection. Among 5 patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy, CCC was performed in all cases and in one patient lateral neck dissection was also performed. A total of 13 patients developed unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLN), among them 5 had permanent palsy. Tracheostomy had to be done in immediate postoperative period for stridor fo...
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2016
Structure determination of RNA-protein complexes is essential for our understanding of the multip... more Structure determination of RNA-protein complexes is essential for our understanding of the multiple layers of RNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Over the past 20years, NMR spectroscopy became a key tool for structural studies of RNA-protein interactions. Here, we review the progress being made in NMR structure determination of large ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We discuss approaches for the design of RNA-protein complexes for NMR structural studies, established and emerging isotope and segmental labeling schemes suitable for large RNPs and how to gain distance restraints from NOEs, PREs and EPR and orientational information from RDCs and SAXS/SANS in such systems. The new combination of NMR measurements with MD simulations and its potential will also be discussed. Application and combination of these various methods for structure determination of large RNPs will be illustrated with three large RNA-protein complexes (>40kDa) and other interesting complexes determined in the past six and a half years.
Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing ... more Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/ vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/ VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured-15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at 38°C over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.
Insecticidal application was initiated at the economic threshold level (3 larvae M−1 linear row) ... more Insecticidal application was initiated at the economic threshold level (3 larvae M−1 linear row) and the subsequent application at pod initiation. The larval population was recorded before and after spraying at different intervals of 3, 8 and 14 day after treatment. The larval mortality varied at different intervals after treatment at both the sprayings. However, the highest larval mortality was noticed in Lambda cyhalothrin @ 50 a.i. ha−1 at 3 DAT and it was also the highest in case of Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 at 8 and 14 days after the insecticidal application. Based on two year studies, the highest yield in Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 which was in parity with Ha NPV-350 LE ha−1. On the basis of overall performance of these ecofriendly pesticide Ha NPV-450 LE ha−1 or lambda cyhabthrin 50 g a.i. ha−1 may be applied for controlling the gram pod borer in chick pea.
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Papers by Deepak Yadav