Significant economic and social differences in the living and working conditions of men and women... more Significant economic and social differences in the living and working conditions of men and women, structural changes in society actualize the need to research the prerequisites and consequences of the existence of gender inequality in the country. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the causes and nature of gender inequality in the long term. The object of the research is the sphere of education and science of certain countries of Europe and America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption of a relationship between gender inequality in the field of education and indicators of the country's social development (Human Development Index and level of education). Methodological tools of the conducted research are methods of trend and structural analysis. The information base of the research is data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Economic Forum, and the United Nations, the research period is 1950-2021. The results of the analysis of the Gender Equality Index during 1950-2000 in terms of its four dimensions (health, socioeconomic resources, gender disparity in households and gender disparity in politics) proved the presence of a significant gender gap in some countries of the world: the countries of Eastern and Western Europe are more developed compared to other regions of the world (South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa). According to the results of empirical calculations, the dependence between the level of human development and gender inequality has been proven: the higher the level of human development of the country, the lower the inequality in education. The study of gender inequality in the field of scientific research was carried out based on the analysis of publications in 50 international journals, book collections of Bengal Economic Association, Indian Economic Association and other professors of reputed institutions in India and abroad. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the publishing activity of women is lower than that of men: only 22.07% of publications in national and international journals, 23.65% of volumes of book collections and 27.90% of book chapters were published by women. The reasons for the low activity of women in the field of scientific research include: low opportunities for visiting the sites of scientific research institutions, field surveys or laboratory work; limited opportunities for training and advanced training at seminars and classes; lack of time to carry out research activities; discrimination based on personal interests and gender bias; much less interest in regular research due to social, psychological and physical reasons; excessive family load, etc.
Sri Lanka Journal of Economic Research, Nov 28, 2023
The paper examined the linear and non-linear trends of the share of the service sector as a perce... more The paper examined the linear and non-linear trends of the share of the service sector as a percentage of GDP in India during 1960-2021 using the Regression Analysis and the Hamilton Regression Filter Model. It also studied the relationship between the service sector share and FDI, trade, total debt service and Inflation in India during 1970-2021. The paper verified the convergence of net state value added in services of Indian states from 2004/05-2021/22. The paper found a significant upward linear trend, and in nonlinear cases, the share of the services showed cycles, cyclical trends and seasonal variations. The share of the service sector positively affects trade, total debt service, inflation of the economy and FDI. The net state value added in services showed significant Sigma convergence and insignificant Beta convergence from 2004/05-2021/22.
Zeb, Qiang and Sharif explored the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Unemployment in P... more Zeb, Qiang and Sharif explored the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Unemployment in Pakistan from 1995 to 2011 applying Multiple regression which revealed that Foreign Direct Investment plays a significant role in unemployment reduction in Pakistan [9]. Zdravković, DJukić and Bradić-Martinović examined the relationship between FDI inflows per capita and unemployment rates in 17 transitioning countries over the period 2000-2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 21, 2020
In this paper author studied the nexus between poverty and climate change analytically stating th... more In this paper author studied the nexus between poverty and climate change analytically stating that Nordhaus (2010), Hallegatte (2016) and Jacoby, Rabassa, and Skoufias (2011) models estimated the increase in poverty due to impact of climate change which affect more in disadvantaged people as health shock, food insecurity, unemployment, environmental refugee, and lower income. The paper showed linkages between GHG emission per capita and Gini coefficient, between CO 2 emission and productivity and linkages between forest resources, climate change and poverty. The paper also suggested some policy recommendations which were prescribed by international institutions and by the results from the projects. The paper emphasised the speedier implementation of REDD+, LULUCF, forest policies, emission reducing policies and to link MDG with SDG to achieve the Paris Agreement target.
The plan initiated by Japan for forming an Asian Monetary Fund in a mode of ASEAN+3 countries aft... more The plan initiated by Japan for forming an Asian Monetary Fund in a mode of ASEAN+3 countries after Asian financial crisis in 1997 was not realised due to opposition from USA, IMF and China and the plan was revamped through CMI multilateral currency swap and pacific nation's joining with US Dollar hegemony but at present it is confronting Chinese supremacy over the region. Thus, in this paper the author thought of forming a new Asian bloc consisting of SAARC, ASEAN, GCC, China, Japan and Korea for which a new framework of Asian Monetary Fund can be set up with a view to not only supplying additional liquidity in crisis period as well as for developmental finance but also can function for issuing a common currency of the new Asian bloc that is a currency basket which will be formed by currencies of China, Japan and Korea and the currencies of blocs viz SAARC, ASEAN and GCC where unit of account of currency will be measured by gold or silver and the exchange of currency unit of Asia is primarily fixed with Chinese Yuan. The exchange rates of all currencies in the basket will be calculated daily through floating exchange rate mechanism in Asian bloc and common currency will also be floated in SDR basket if CUA is included in SDR basket. The exchange rates will be maintained by Asian Monetary Fund through target zone of ±2.5% fluctuation. The plan also requires monetary and trade integration as well as political integration with the implementation of Asian stock exchange institute, Asian Parliament, Asian Security council, Asian Central Bank and Asian Clearing Union respectively. The common barriers like Sino-Japan rivalry, US dollar hegemony, non-cooperation from IMF, premature OCA criteria and low capital market internationalisation may delay the process of Asian Economic Integration towards formation of a new Asian Monetary Fund.
In this paper, author analyses the role of cryptocurrencies in the economy and showed the trends ... more In this paper, author analyses the role of cryptocurrencies in the economy and showed the trends of prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of US$ during 2017m1-2021m12 and also showed the trends of the market capitalization of Bitcoin during 2017m1-2021m12. All the trendlines are non-linear with cyclical behavior. Traditional regression model revealed that the market capitalization of Bitcoin is positively related with prices of Bitcoin and inflation rate and negatively related with price of Ethereum significantly from 2019m1 to 2021m12. Cointegration and VEC model suggested that the market capitalization of Bitcoin has long run causality with the prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum and inflation rate but the cointegrating equation has been proved diverging away from equilibrium. Bitcoin price and market capitalization have bi-directional short run causality and the price of Ethereum has short run causality to market capitalization of Bitcoin during the specified period. The volatility ...
The paper basically explains the nature and trends of FDI inflows in agriculture and subsectors o... more The paper basically explains the nature and trends of FDI inflows in agriculture and subsectors of agriculture in India under two broad ways. In the first case, the linear trend was examined utilising linear semi-log regression model. In the second case, the nature of cycle and the cyclical trend were found out by applying H.P. Filter model. The linear trend, cycle and cyclical trend of FDI inflows in India in agriculture during 2000-01-2017-18, agricultural services during 2001-02-2021-22, agricultural machinery, tea and coffee, food processing, sugar and fertilisers respectively during 2005-2018 have been computed. Yet, the paper included the nature of global FDI inflows in agriculture very briefly. The paper observed that the linear trends in FDI in agriculture, agriculture service, food processing have been increasing significantly in which their cycle and cyclical trends are significantly meaningful. On the other hand, the linear trends of FDI in tea and coffee and agricultural...
The Nexus between Russian Capital Market and Bitcoin Rouble Exchange Rate
Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Technology
The paper endeavour to explore the nexus between Bitcoin Rouble exchange rate and the Russian cap... more The paper endeavour to explore the nexus between Bitcoin Rouble exchange rate and the Russian capital market using cointegration and vector error correction analysis taking the capital market indicators namely US Dollar Rouble exchange rate, MOEX index, RTX index, Moscow exchange trade turn over and RUONIA of Russia using daily data from 1/11/2021 to 18/4/2022 as a consequence of post pandemic recovery and sets back from war between Russia and Ukraine. The paper found that the trend line of Bitcoin Rouble rate is cyclical with four phases whose Wavelet threshold signal curve is explosive oscillatory. There are no short run causalities from the indicators of capital market to the Bitcoin Rouble price but there is insignificant and converging cointegrating long run causalities from those indicators where the relation between Bitcoin Rouble and US Dollar Rouble rate and MOEX index are significantly negative and the relation with RTX index is significantly positive. It was evident that ...
Prestige International Journal of Management & IT - Sanchayan
This paper studied that growth of unemployment is decreasing at the rate of 0.677% per year durin... more This paper studied that growth of unemployment is decreasing at the rate of 0.677% per year during 1991-2014 insignificantly but its exponential declining growth rate is 0.033% which is significant. The unemployment growth rate series does not follow random walk and it has one downward structural break in 2010.The smooth cycle was obtained through Hodrick-Prescott Filter model.AR and ARIMA models of this series are nonstationary. On the nexus issue ,the study analysed that one percent increase in GDP growth rate led to 0.0579% decline in unemployment growth rate during 1991-2014 in India which is insignificant. The Okun's law is verified but found insignificant. Both have bidirectional causality but Johansen cointegration showed insignificant. The VAR and VEC models are stable but VAR is converging and VECM is diverging where coefficient of error correction in the change of unemployment growth rate is very slow and insignificant. The same observations were found in the nexus between the GDP per capita growth rate and unemployment growth rate in India during 1991-2014.
In this paper, author tried to establish econometric relation of US grants, credits and assistanc... more In this paper, author tried to establish econometric relation of US grants, credits and assistance to India with exports and imports of USA and India and gross national income of USA during Bretton Woods regime through cointegration and vector error correction model taking data from US Bureau of Economic Research and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The paper observed that US grants, credits and assistance to India during 1945-1970 had been growing at the rate of 39.61% per year significantly which had three upwards structural breaks with long run upward cyclical trend. US grants, credits and assistance to India during 1945-1970 had three significant cointegrating equations with exports and imports of USA and India and national income of USA. The vector error correction model is stable, non-stationary and non-normal having problem of autocorrelation. US grants and credits to India have short run causalities from India's imports and US gross national income.
Cyclical and seasonal patterns of India’s GDP growth rate through the eyes of Hamilton and Hodrick Prescott Filter models
Asia-Pacific Journal of Management and Technology, 2021
The paper endeavours to analyse the cyclical fluctuation, seasonal movement and trends of Indian ... more The paper endeavours to analyse the cyclical fluctuation, seasonal movement and trends of Indian GDP growth rate by applying both Hodrick-Prescott filter and Hamilton filter models taking St.Louisfred quarterly data from 2011Q4 to 2019Q4.The paper concludes that the seasonal adjustment and actual GDP growth rate of India have been merged with each other and they are identical in both the models. But the cyclical trend in H.P.Filter showed one upward humped but Hamilton filter showed cyclical fluctuations with two peaks and troughs and the seasonal variations are v shaped and highly volatile. Hamilton seasonal variations have been verified by applying residual test of correlogram which explained that autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions moved around both the sides significantly. Hamilton regression filter model is extended to forecasting ARIMA (1,0,0) model for 2030 which confirmed stationarity and stability. Even, the final trend cycle of GDP growth rate of India co...
Asia-Pacific Journal of Management and Technology, 2022
Strontium iron oxide is a candidate for many different energy applications, including solid oxide... more Strontium iron oxide is a candidate for many different energy applications, including solid oxide fuel cells, chemical looping, and thermochemical energy storage. Upon the redox reactions, SrFeOx cycles between two end forms: an oxygen deficient form SrFeO2.5 with a brownmillerite structure and an oxidized form SrFeO3-d with a perovskite structure. Two intermediate structures are reported from ex situ and in situ X-ray and neutron powder diffraction [1-3]. However, in real applications, submicron sized crystals are used and X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques are not able to access structural information on an individual submicron crystal. In situ 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) performed on a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is the only way to obtain single crystal data on all structural changes occurring during the actual redox reactions. Due to the single-tilt design of the environmental holders combined with the complexity of these structures, in-zone electron diffraction and high resolution imaging on random crystallites are unrealistic, but 3D ED does not require in zone orientation and could thus be successfully applied to gather structural data on the different phases. We performed in situ oxidation of a brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 crushed single crystal upon heating in an oxygen atmosphere in TEM using the sealed commercial holder. By acquiring 3D ED data at different steps of the reaction, we confirmed the formation of the perovskite SrFeO3- structure, which we were able to reduce back to brownmillerite in a hydrogen atmosphere. The obtained data allowed us to derive the structures formed at different reaction steps, including the intermediate phases, resulting in new information about their crystal structures and microstructures. In my talk, I will compare the results of in situ 3D ED with the published data from X-ray and neutron diffraction, discuss the limitations of the method, and the next steps in improving in situ 3D ED in gas environments.
Econometric Analysis of the Developing Countries' Trade Indicators
International journal of business & management research, Jun 30, 2018
<jats:p>In this paper, the author attempted to study the patterns of the export and import ... more <jats:p>In this paper, the author attempted to study the patterns of the export and import shares of the developing countries and found out the relation of export and import share with its determinants like growth rate, inflation rate, FDI, current account balance, REER, concentration index, and diversification index respectively during 1980-2016 where FDI, REER, and diversification index significantly influenced the export and import shares respectively. Both the export and import shares have upward structural breaks and smooth cyclical trends. Their VAR models are unstable and non-stationary.</jats:p>
Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capit... more Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capital accumulation that can be able to alleviate poverty. To what extent rural health care would manage and confront with covid-19 situation in the District of Nadia under West Bengal is the central area of this article. Both the public and private medical facilities had been faced with the situation of pandemic with poor infrastructure of rural health care systems through sub-divisional hospitals, PHC, CHC, HSC and other health care units in Nadia where both success stories and failures were simultaneously evident. The state government along with NRHM must attempt to upgrade and modernize the rural health care units spending higher health expenditure and recruiting more health professionals with doctors to fight against covid-19 type of pandemic and other emergencies.
Significant economic and social differences in the living and working conditions of men and women... more Significant economic and social differences in the living and working conditions of men and women, structural changes in society actualize the need to research the prerequisites and consequences of the existence of gender inequality in the country. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the causes and nature of gender inequality in the long term. The object of the research is the sphere of education and science of certain countries of Europe and America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption of a relationship between gender inequality in the field of education and indicators of the country's social development (Human Development Index and level of education). Methodological tools of the conducted research are methods of trend and structural analysis. The information base of the research is data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Economic Forum, and the United Nations, the research period is 1950-2021. The results of the analysis of the Gender Equality Index during 1950-2000 in terms of its four dimensions (health, socioeconomic resources, gender disparity in households and gender disparity in politics) proved the presence of a significant gender gap in some countries of the world: the countries of Eastern and Western Europe are more developed compared to other regions of the world (South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa). According to the results of empirical calculations, the dependence between the level of human development and gender inequality has been proven: the higher the level of human development of the country, the lower the inequality in education. The study of gender inequality in the field of scientific research was carried out based on the analysis of publications in 50 international journals, book collections of Bengal Economic Association, Indian Economic Association and other professors of reputed institutions in India and abroad. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the publishing activity of women is lower than that of men: only 22.07% of publications in national and international journals, 23.65% of volumes of book collections and 27.90% of book chapters were published by women. The reasons for the low activity of women in the field of scientific research include: low opportunities for visiting the sites of scientific research institutions, field surveys or laboratory work; limited opportunities for training and advanced training at seminars and classes; lack of time to carry out research activities; discrimination based on personal interests and gender bias; much less interest in regular research due to social, psychological and physical reasons; excessive family load, etc.
Sri Lanka Journal of Economic Research, Nov 28, 2023
The paper examined the linear and non-linear trends of the share of the service sector as a perce... more The paper examined the linear and non-linear trends of the share of the service sector as a percentage of GDP in India during 1960-2021 using the Regression Analysis and the Hamilton Regression Filter Model. It also studied the relationship between the service sector share and FDI, trade, total debt service and Inflation in India during 1970-2021. The paper verified the convergence of net state value added in services of Indian states from 2004/05-2021/22. The paper found a significant upward linear trend, and in nonlinear cases, the share of the services showed cycles, cyclical trends and seasonal variations. The share of the service sector positively affects trade, total debt service, inflation of the economy and FDI. The net state value added in services showed significant Sigma convergence and insignificant Beta convergence from 2004/05-2021/22.
Zeb, Qiang and Sharif explored the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Unemployment in P... more Zeb, Qiang and Sharif explored the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Unemployment in Pakistan from 1995 to 2011 applying Multiple regression which revealed that Foreign Direct Investment plays a significant role in unemployment reduction in Pakistan [9]. Zdravković, DJukić and Bradić-Martinović examined the relationship between FDI inflows per capita and unemployment rates in 17 transitioning countries over the period 2000-2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 21, 2020
In this paper author studied the nexus between poverty and climate change analytically stating th... more In this paper author studied the nexus between poverty and climate change analytically stating that Nordhaus (2010), Hallegatte (2016) and Jacoby, Rabassa, and Skoufias (2011) models estimated the increase in poverty due to impact of climate change which affect more in disadvantaged people as health shock, food insecurity, unemployment, environmental refugee, and lower income. The paper showed linkages between GHG emission per capita and Gini coefficient, between CO 2 emission and productivity and linkages between forest resources, climate change and poverty. The paper also suggested some policy recommendations which were prescribed by international institutions and by the results from the projects. The paper emphasised the speedier implementation of REDD+, LULUCF, forest policies, emission reducing policies and to link MDG with SDG to achieve the Paris Agreement target.
The plan initiated by Japan for forming an Asian Monetary Fund in a mode of ASEAN+3 countries aft... more The plan initiated by Japan for forming an Asian Monetary Fund in a mode of ASEAN+3 countries after Asian financial crisis in 1997 was not realised due to opposition from USA, IMF and China and the plan was revamped through CMI multilateral currency swap and pacific nation's joining with US Dollar hegemony but at present it is confronting Chinese supremacy over the region. Thus, in this paper the author thought of forming a new Asian bloc consisting of SAARC, ASEAN, GCC, China, Japan and Korea for which a new framework of Asian Monetary Fund can be set up with a view to not only supplying additional liquidity in crisis period as well as for developmental finance but also can function for issuing a common currency of the new Asian bloc that is a currency basket which will be formed by currencies of China, Japan and Korea and the currencies of blocs viz SAARC, ASEAN and GCC where unit of account of currency will be measured by gold or silver and the exchange of currency unit of Asia is primarily fixed with Chinese Yuan. The exchange rates of all currencies in the basket will be calculated daily through floating exchange rate mechanism in Asian bloc and common currency will also be floated in SDR basket if CUA is included in SDR basket. The exchange rates will be maintained by Asian Monetary Fund through target zone of ±2.5% fluctuation. The plan also requires monetary and trade integration as well as political integration with the implementation of Asian stock exchange institute, Asian Parliament, Asian Security council, Asian Central Bank and Asian Clearing Union respectively. The common barriers like Sino-Japan rivalry, US dollar hegemony, non-cooperation from IMF, premature OCA criteria and low capital market internationalisation may delay the process of Asian Economic Integration towards formation of a new Asian Monetary Fund.
In this paper, author analyses the role of cryptocurrencies in the economy and showed the trends ... more In this paper, author analyses the role of cryptocurrencies in the economy and showed the trends of prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of US$ during 2017m1-2021m12 and also showed the trends of the market capitalization of Bitcoin during 2017m1-2021m12. All the trendlines are non-linear with cyclical behavior. Traditional regression model revealed that the market capitalization of Bitcoin is positively related with prices of Bitcoin and inflation rate and negatively related with price of Ethereum significantly from 2019m1 to 2021m12. Cointegration and VEC model suggested that the market capitalization of Bitcoin has long run causality with the prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum and inflation rate but the cointegrating equation has been proved diverging away from equilibrium. Bitcoin price and market capitalization have bi-directional short run causality and the price of Ethereum has short run causality to market capitalization of Bitcoin during the specified period. The volatility ...
The paper basically explains the nature and trends of FDI inflows in agriculture and subsectors o... more The paper basically explains the nature and trends of FDI inflows in agriculture and subsectors of agriculture in India under two broad ways. In the first case, the linear trend was examined utilising linear semi-log regression model. In the second case, the nature of cycle and the cyclical trend were found out by applying H.P. Filter model. The linear trend, cycle and cyclical trend of FDI inflows in India in agriculture during 2000-01-2017-18, agricultural services during 2001-02-2021-22, agricultural machinery, tea and coffee, food processing, sugar and fertilisers respectively during 2005-2018 have been computed. Yet, the paper included the nature of global FDI inflows in agriculture very briefly. The paper observed that the linear trends in FDI in agriculture, agriculture service, food processing have been increasing significantly in which their cycle and cyclical trends are significantly meaningful. On the other hand, the linear trends of FDI in tea and coffee and agricultural...
The Nexus between Russian Capital Market and Bitcoin Rouble Exchange Rate
Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Technology
The paper endeavour to explore the nexus between Bitcoin Rouble exchange rate and the Russian cap... more The paper endeavour to explore the nexus between Bitcoin Rouble exchange rate and the Russian capital market using cointegration and vector error correction analysis taking the capital market indicators namely US Dollar Rouble exchange rate, MOEX index, RTX index, Moscow exchange trade turn over and RUONIA of Russia using daily data from 1/11/2021 to 18/4/2022 as a consequence of post pandemic recovery and sets back from war between Russia and Ukraine. The paper found that the trend line of Bitcoin Rouble rate is cyclical with four phases whose Wavelet threshold signal curve is explosive oscillatory. There are no short run causalities from the indicators of capital market to the Bitcoin Rouble price but there is insignificant and converging cointegrating long run causalities from those indicators where the relation between Bitcoin Rouble and US Dollar Rouble rate and MOEX index are significantly negative and the relation with RTX index is significantly positive. It was evident that ...
Prestige International Journal of Management & IT - Sanchayan
This paper studied that growth of unemployment is decreasing at the rate of 0.677% per year durin... more This paper studied that growth of unemployment is decreasing at the rate of 0.677% per year during 1991-2014 insignificantly but its exponential declining growth rate is 0.033% which is significant. The unemployment growth rate series does not follow random walk and it has one downward structural break in 2010.The smooth cycle was obtained through Hodrick-Prescott Filter model.AR and ARIMA models of this series are nonstationary. On the nexus issue ,the study analysed that one percent increase in GDP growth rate led to 0.0579% decline in unemployment growth rate during 1991-2014 in India which is insignificant. The Okun's law is verified but found insignificant. Both have bidirectional causality but Johansen cointegration showed insignificant. The VAR and VEC models are stable but VAR is converging and VECM is diverging where coefficient of error correction in the change of unemployment growth rate is very slow and insignificant. The same observations were found in the nexus between the GDP per capita growth rate and unemployment growth rate in India during 1991-2014.
In this paper, author tried to establish econometric relation of US grants, credits and assistanc... more In this paper, author tried to establish econometric relation of US grants, credits and assistance to India with exports and imports of USA and India and gross national income of USA during Bretton Woods regime through cointegration and vector error correction model taking data from US Bureau of Economic Research and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The paper observed that US grants, credits and assistance to India during 1945-1970 had been growing at the rate of 39.61% per year significantly which had three upwards structural breaks with long run upward cyclical trend. US grants, credits and assistance to India during 1945-1970 had three significant cointegrating equations with exports and imports of USA and India and national income of USA. The vector error correction model is stable, non-stationary and non-normal having problem of autocorrelation. US grants and credits to India have short run causalities from India's imports and US gross national income.
Cyclical and seasonal patterns of India’s GDP growth rate through the eyes of Hamilton and Hodrick Prescott Filter models
Asia-Pacific Journal of Management and Technology, 2021
The paper endeavours to analyse the cyclical fluctuation, seasonal movement and trends of Indian ... more The paper endeavours to analyse the cyclical fluctuation, seasonal movement and trends of Indian GDP growth rate by applying both Hodrick-Prescott filter and Hamilton filter models taking St.Louisfred quarterly data from 2011Q4 to 2019Q4.The paper concludes that the seasonal adjustment and actual GDP growth rate of India have been merged with each other and they are identical in both the models. But the cyclical trend in H.P.Filter showed one upward humped but Hamilton filter showed cyclical fluctuations with two peaks and troughs and the seasonal variations are v shaped and highly volatile. Hamilton seasonal variations have been verified by applying residual test of correlogram which explained that autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions moved around both the sides significantly. Hamilton regression filter model is extended to forecasting ARIMA (1,0,0) model for 2030 which confirmed stationarity and stability. Even, the final trend cycle of GDP growth rate of India co...
Asia-Pacific Journal of Management and Technology, 2022
Strontium iron oxide is a candidate for many different energy applications, including solid oxide... more Strontium iron oxide is a candidate for many different energy applications, including solid oxide fuel cells, chemical looping, and thermochemical energy storage. Upon the redox reactions, SrFeOx cycles between two end forms: an oxygen deficient form SrFeO2.5 with a brownmillerite structure and an oxidized form SrFeO3-d with a perovskite structure. Two intermediate structures are reported from ex situ and in situ X-ray and neutron powder diffraction [1-3]. However, in real applications, submicron sized crystals are used and X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques are not able to access structural information on an individual submicron crystal. In situ 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) performed on a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is the only way to obtain single crystal data on all structural changes occurring during the actual redox reactions. Due to the single-tilt design of the environmental holders combined with the complexity of these structures, in-zone electron diffraction and high resolution imaging on random crystallites are unrealistic, but 3D ED does not require in zone orientation and could thus be successfully applied to gather structural data on the different phases. We performed in situ oxidation of a brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 crushed single crystal upon heating in an oxygen atmosphere in TEM using the sealed commercial holder. By acquiring 3D ED data at different steps of the reaction, we confirmed the formation of the perovskite SrFeO3- structure, which we were able to reduce back to brownmillerite in a hydrogen atmosphere. The obtained data allowed us to derive the structures formed at different reaction steps, including the intermediate phases, resulting in new information about their crystal structures and microstructures. In my talk, I will compare the results of in situ 3D ED with the published data from X-ray and neutron diffraction, discuss the limitations of the method, and the next steps in improving in situ 3D ED in gas environments.
Econometric Analysis of the Developing Countries' Trade Indicators
International journal of business & management research, Jun 30, 2018
<jats:p>In this paper, the author attempted to study the patterns of the export and import ... more <jats:p>In this paper, the author attempted to study the patterns of the export and import shares of the developing countries and found out the relation of export and import share with its determinants like growth rate, inflation rate, FDI, current account balance, REER, concentration index, and diversification index respectively during 1980-2016 where FDI, REER, and diversification index significantly influenced the export and import shares respectively. Both the export and import shares have upward structural breaks and smooth cyclical trends. Their VAR models are unstable and non-stationary.</jats:p>
Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capit... more Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capital accumulation that can be able to alleviate poverty. To what extent rural health care would manage and confront with covid-19 situation in the District of Nadia under West Bengal is the central area of this article. Both the public and private medical facilities had been faced with the situation of pandemic with poor infrastructure of rural health care systems through sub-divisional hospitals, PHC, CHC, HSC and other health care units in Nadia where both success stories and failures were simultaneously evident. The state government along with NRHM must attempt to upgrade and modernize the rural health care units spending higher health expenditure and recruiting more health professionals with doctors to fight against covid-19 type of pandemic and other emergencies.
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Papers by Debesh Bhowmik