Papers by David Gallardo-Pujol
European psychiatry (Ed. Española)
ResumenLa evaluación de la agresividad y la predicción de la agresión se han convertido en un asu... more ResumenLa evaluación de la agresividad y la predicción de la agresión se han convertido en un asunto relevante de investigación y aplicado en psiquiatría y psicología. Ha habido muchos intentos de obtener una herramienta rápida y fiable para medir la agresión. Buss y Durkee emprendieron el camino y Bryant y Smith desarrollaron recientemente una herramienta con un enorme potencial, una prueba de rápida aplicación, fiable y válida. Comunicamos aquí una adaptación española de esta prueba y mostramos que la agresividad se puede medir rápidamente de manera simple, válida y fiable a través de poblaciones diferentes. Nos centramos en la capacidad discriminante de esta prueba para detectar a los individuos agresivos.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Introduction: Temperament dimensions may be related to executive functions (EF) and may be involv... more Introduction: Temperament dimensions may be related to executive functions (EF) and may be involved in the expression and maintenance of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to assess whether effortful control (EC) mediates the relationship between EF and inattentive symptoms, and whether Surgency (S) and Negative affectivity (NA) mediate the relationships between EF and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms in adolescents. Methods: Working individually, participants aged between 12 and 16 years (N = 118; 75 with ADHD) performed tests of cognitive EF (working memory, planning, flexibility, and inhibition), and parents and teachers completed a multi-informant assessment focusing on measures of ADHD symptoms and temperament dimensions (EC, S and NA). Results: There were significant differences between ADHD and control participants in EF and temperament dimensions. ADHD participants had lower scores than controls in working memory, planning...
Revista de Neurología
Resumen. Introducción. El comportamiento antisocial es un fenómeno amplio y complejo con profunda... more Resumen. Introducción. El comportamiento antisocial es un fenómeno amplio y complejo con profundas implicaciones en neurología y psiquiatría. Para poder enfrentarse a una tarea tan compleja como estudiar el desarrollo ontogenético del comportamiento antisocial hace falta comprobar la existencia de mecanismos fisiológicos relacionados con él y entender cómo los factores ambientales pueden modular su funcionamiento. Objetivo. Revisar los conocimientos que tenemos acerca del desarrollo del comportamiento antisocial, y de la interacción entre factores ambientales y genéticos. Desarrollo. Investigaciones recientes han puesto de relieve alteraciones cerebrales que están asociadas al comportamiento violento, tanto desde el punto de vista estructural como funcional o bioquímico. La investigación genética también ha realizado avances en este terreno, como la detección de algunos genes-como el de la monoaminooxidasa A (MAOA)-relacionados con el comportamiento antisocial. Sin embargo, no debemos olvidar los factores ambientales en el desarrollo de éste. Estudios recientes indican que aquellos individuos portadores de una versión poco funcional del gen MAOA y que reciben un grave maltrato son más proclives al comportamiento antisocial. La significación biológica de esta interacción es relevante, ya que ciertos mecanismos biológicos subyacentes pueden explicar la etiopatogenia del comportamiento antisocial, aunque sea a un nivel muy elemental. Conclusiones. Los estudios mostrados, a pesar de ser pioneros, tienen una gran limitación, y es que a pesar de las evidencias de que todas las variables presentadas están asociadas al comportamiento antisocial, no hay una evidencia causal directa sobre su efecto en éste último. Sin duda, el estudio futuro de los mecanismos psicobiológicos y la comprensión de su modulación ambiental ofrecerán dianas terapéuticas y de prevención para el abordaje del comportamiento antisocial en todas sus vertientes.
In this chapter, we summarize and evaluate experimental approaches to situational research with a... more In this chapter, we summarize and evaluate experimental approaches to situational research with an emphasis on virtual reality (VR). First, we outline different methods to partition variance in person and situation perception and highlight the advantages of experimental studies as a fixed-effect design. Next, we weigh the merits of some commonly employed methods to standardize situations in experimental settings. The core of the chapter is devoted to VR. After a brief historical and conceptual introduction, we discuss the value of VR as a research tool in terms of internal and external validity. Subsequently, we show how VR can aid the study of person-situation interactions using virtual replications of classical social psychology studies. Finally, we review recent studies that have pushed the boundaries of VR and enumerate the challenges yet to be overcome in the field. In sum, we aim to provide a succinct and encouraging primer on the use of VR for situation research.
Aims:To develop a Spanish version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) and evaluate its ... more Aims:To develop a Spanish version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) and evaluate its psychometric properties among a population in Spain.Methods:A Spanish version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) was developed by a Spanish and English speakers through translation and back-translation. The translated GASP was administered to a sample of Spanish general population. The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using standard statistical methods.Results:The translated version of the GASP scale was found to have outstanding domain coherence and language clarity. The tested scales have adequate reliability (>0.55). It is clear evidence of reliability given that the GASP is a scenario-based measure with only four items in each subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor solution by yielding adequate results. Conclusions:This study presents the first validation of the GASP questionnaire with Spanish general population. GASP instrumen...
Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2018
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is considered the gold standard in screening for ... more The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is considered the gold standard in screening for postpartum depression. Although the Spanish version has been widely used, its factorial structure has not yet been studied . A total of 1,204 women completed the EPDS 32 weeks after delivery. To avoid multiple testing, we split the sample into two halves, randomly drawing two subsamples of 602 participants each. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by an oblimin rotation with the first sub-sample. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using a Weighted Least Squares Means and Variance (WLSMV) estimation of the data. We explored different solutions between two and four factors. We compared the factors between two groups with depression and non-depression (evaluated with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) for the DSM-IV). The EFA indicated a three-factor model consisting of anxiety, depression and anhedonia. The results of the CFA confirmed th...
Cultural differences in aggression are still poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to... more Cultural differences in aggression are still poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to assess whether a tool for measuring aggression has the same meaning across cultures. Analyzing samples from Spain (n=262), US (n=344) and Hong-Kong (n=645), we used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate measurement invariance of the refined version of the Aggression-Questionnaire (Bryant & Smith, 2001). The measurement of aggression was more equivalent between the Chinese and Spanish versions than between these two and the American version. Aggression does not show invariance at the culture level. Cultural variables such as affective autonomy or individualism may influence the meaning of aggression. Aggressive behavior models can be improved by incorporating cultural variables.
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 2016
Among the potential range of irrational beliefs that could be used as predictors of physical and ... more Among the potential range of irrational beliefs that could be used as predictors of physical and mental health, catastrophizing is the process that has received most attention in chronic pain research. Other irrational processes such as demandingness, low frustration tolerance, and self-downing have rarely been studied. The goal of this study was to explore whether this wider range of beliefs is associated with health in chronic pain patients beyond catastrophizing. A total of 492 chronic pain patients completed a measure of irrational beliefs, a measure of physical and mental health, and a numerical rating scale designed to assess pain intensity and interference. Irrational processes were more strongly associated with mental than with physical health. Low frustration tolerance and self-downing were found to be significantly related to mental health even after controlling for the effect of catastrophizing. Processes other than catastrophizing appear to have potentially important relationships with the mental health of people with chronic pain. These results may offer new intervention targets for practitioners.
New Directions from Philosophy, Psychology, and Theology, 2015
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
The main aim of the present study is to offer an updated review of the international studies publ... more The main aim of the present study is to offer an updated review of the international studies published on personality disorders in child sexual abuse victims. The different papers were classified according to the most frequently found topics regarding this issue, with special focus on antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder. The studies reviewed provide inconclusive results, which demonstrate the need for longitudinal studies that could test the directionality of the relationship between child sexual abuse, personality traits, and personality disorders. The concept of resilience is emphasized in order to explain the interindividual differences that are found in victims of the same traumatic event.
![Research paper thumbnail of [The development of antisocial behavior: psychobiological and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69309051/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Revista de neurologia
Antisocial behavior is a complex phenomenon with strong implications in neurology and psychiatry.... more Antisocial behavior is a complex phenomenon with strong implications in neurology and psychiatry. In order to study the ontogenetic development of antisocial behavior, we must check for the existence of physiological mechanisms related to it, and to understand its environmentally-modulated functioning. To review the state-of-the-art of the development of antisocial behavior, and especially, of the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Recent research has highlighted certain brain alterations linked to violent behavior, either at structural, or functional or biochemical levels. Genetic research has also made some advances in this field, discovering some genes--i.e. monoamineoxidase A (MAOA)--related to antisocial behavior. However, the importance of environmental factors in its development must not be left behind. Recent studies have shown that individuals carrying a low transcriptional activity allele of the MAOA gene, and that also suffered severe maltreatment are ...
Journal of Personality, 2015
The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around ... more The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around the world. Local collaborators recruited 5,447 members of college communities in 20 countries, who provided data via a Web site in 14 languages. Using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ), participants described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7:00 p.m. Correlations among the average situational profiles of each country ranged from r = .73 to r 5.95; the typical situation was described as largely pleasant. Most similar were the United States/Canada; least similar were South Korea/Denmark. Japan had the most homogenous situational experience; South Korea, the least. The 15 RSQ items varying the most across countries described relatively negative aspects of situational experience; the 15 least varying items were more positive. Further analyses correlated RSQ items with national scores on six value dimensions, the Big Five traits, economic output, and population. Individualism, Neuroticism, Openness, and Gross Domestic Product yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance. Psychological research traditionally has paid more attention to the assessment of persons than of situations, a discrepancy that extends to cross-cultural psychology. The present study demonstrates how cultures vary in situational experience in psychologically meaningful ways. People around the world are in some respects different and in some respects the same (Kluckhohn & Murray, 1953, p. 53) and so, too, are the situations they experience (Brown, 1991). However, despite the widespread acknowledgement that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation, researchers have traditionally paid more attention to the assessment of attributes of the former than the latter (Bem & Funder, 1978; Funder, 2009; Sherman, Nave & Funder, 2010; Wagerman & Funder, 2009), and this difference extends to cross-cultural psychology. Numerous investigations have identified differences in the ways people differ psychologically across countries (Church, 2010) 1. These differences include social orientation, e.g., interdependent vs. independent styles of self-construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1998 ; Masuda & Nisbett, 2001); personality structure , e.g., the degree to which the "Big Five" traits account for individual differences in diverse cultures (Gurven, von Rueden, Massenkoff, & Kaplan, 2013; McCrae & Allik, 2002; McCrae & Costa, 1997); and the degree to which international differences in personality match national stereotypes (H reb ıčkov a & Author affiliations are listed in the Appendix. Data gathering was assisted by Joanne Fullerton, Danique van den Hanenberg, Sakiko Kumagai, and Elizabet Orekhova. Portions of the U.S. and Japanese data were utilized in an earlier paper (Funder, Guillaume, Kumagi, Kawamoto, & Sato, 2012), but all of the analyses reported here are new.
Journal of Health Psychology, 2014
Despite several models of coping have been proposed in chronic pain, research is not integrative ... more Despite several models of coping have been proposed in chronic pain, research is not integrative and has not yet identified a reliable set of beneficial coping strategies. We intend to offer a comprehensive view of coping using the social problem-solving model. Participants were 369 chronic pain patients (63.78% women; mean age 58.89 years; standard deviation = 15.12 years). Correlation analyses and the structural equation model for mental health revealed potentially beneficial and harmful problem-solving components. This integrative perspective on general coping could be used to promote changes in the way patients deal with stressful conditions other than pain.
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Papers by David Gallardo-Pujol