TiO2/AgBr composites were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic strategy. Various instruments such a... more TiO2/AgBr composites were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic strategy. Various instruments such as SEM, EDX, XRD, and FT‐IR were exploited to investigate their characteristics. Antifungal activities of the as‐obtained samples were assessed through the inactivation of Fusarium graminearum in the spore suspension method and mycelial growth inhibition of F. graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the microdilution method. The results represented that the TiO2/AgBr samples possess higher antifungal activities on F. graminearum spores than the pure TiO2. The sample with 20 wt% silver bromide represented the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of F. graminearum so that all fungal spores were degraded in the initial times of the treatment process. The inactivation of fungal spores after 60 min was 35.2%, 97.8%, 98.9%, and 98.7%, in respect, for 5, 10, 20, and 30 weight percent of AgBr in the binary nanocomposites, while the inhibition rate was 13.4% for the pure TiO2. With increasing ultrasound irradiation time for more than 30 min, the inactivation rate constant decreased. It was also found that the antifungal activity of the nanocomposites without calcination was higher than those of the calcined materials. Considering the antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi and advantages such as simple synthesis and eco‐friendly nature, it seems that TiO2/AgBr nanocomposites can be used instead of synthetic chemicals after additional field investigations and mass production.
Powdery mildew is an important disease in the fields and greenhouse-grown tomatoes in the world. ... more Powdery mildew is an important disease in the fields and greenhouse-grown tomatoes in the world. Leveillula taurica has been reported as only tomato powdery mildew causal agent in Iran. During study on Erysiphaceae in Ardabil province, tomato leaves with powdery mildew symptoms in one greenhouse in Ardabil city were collected and isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics. Moreover, total DNA was extracted with Chelex 5% method and the ITS region of rDNA were amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. According to morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus identified as Pseudoidium neolycopersici. Thus, this species reported for the first time as powdery mildew on Lycopersicon esculentum in Iran. P. neolycopersici is one of important causal agents of tomato powdery mildew in the world and its occurrence is a new treat on tomato culture in Iran.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)-gelatin ... more This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)-gelatin (GelA)/cinnamon essential oil (CEO) emulsion coatings containing various CEO concentrations (1200, 1800, and 2400 μL/L) in retarding ripening and senescence of ‘Red Delicious’ apples during cold storage (60 days at 4 °C). Coatings decreased the weight loss (WL) (~3.6%), as compared to uncoated fruit (~4.8%). A direct relationship between CEO concentration and respiration rate/ethylene production was also disclosed. Flesh firmness was higher for coated samples, with better results detected especially when the highest amount of CEO was applied (36.48 N for the 2400 μL/L delivered dose vs. 32.60 N for the 1200 μL/L one). These findings were corroborated by additional tests on the surface color, total acidity, soluble solids content, pH, ascorbic acid, and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). This study demonstrated the capability of BCNCs-GelA/CEO systems to dramatic...
This work assessed the antimicrobial potential of natural essential oils (EOs) from cinnamon (CEO... more This work assessed the antimicrobial potential of natural essential oils (EOs) from cinnamon (CEO), zataria (ZEO), and satureja (SEO), applied natively or as coatings against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea during both in vitro and in vivo (on apple fruits) experiments. The induced inhibitory effect towards fungal growth, as a function of both EO type and concentration (75–1200 μL/L), was preliminarily investigated to select the most suitable EO for producing bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)/fish gelatin (GelA)-based emulsions. CEO and ZEO exhibited the best performances against P. expansum and B. cinerea, respectively. None of the pristine EOs completely inhibited the fungal growth and “disease severity”, properly quantified via size measurements of lesions formed on fruit surfaces. As compared to pristine CEO, coating emulsions with variable CEO concentration (75–2400 µL/L) curbed lesion spreading on apples, owing to the controlled CEO release during a 21-day tem...
In order to evaluate some of genetic variability of eight wheat genotypes for resistance to FHB d... more In order to evaluate some of genetic variability of eight wheat genotypes for resistance to FHB disease of wheat, 93-94 in vitro and in vivo research study of Faculty Agriculture of Mohaghegh Ardabili University were realized. Evaluation agronomic and physiological traits and disease resistance of Fusarium head blight on the factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in both disease and normal conditions. Agronomic traits such as plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and grain number per spike and physiological characteristics of proline (micrograms per gram of fresh weight), protein (mg per gram of fresh tissue), sugar (micrograms per gram of fresh weight) and catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (changes in absorption in mg protein per minute) were measured and recorded. In addition to the genetic variability of agronomic traits and physiological SDS-PAGE using protein markers also were examined. The results of the data analysis and compar...
For assess the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and... more For assess the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and its relation to protein markers, a research was done on the 38 genotype of lentils in greenhouse and laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 1393. Analysis of studied traits was done as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Notes was done in the fourth and eighth weeks after inoculation that the average mortality of plants in the eighth week was more than the fourth week. This means that in the fourth week, eight genotypes of 38 genotypes were known as very resistant with seedling mortality rate of less than 1%, but in the eighth week, the very resistant genotypes fell to 3 genotypes (ILL7531, L 1278-2580 and PI 299127-358-RINV-63-64), indicated the expansion of disease in later stages of the seedling growth. The average comparision of studied traits by using LSD test (p=0.01) indicated that they are in different demographic groups. According to the res...
The present research was conducted to study the effects of seed vigor and bio-priming with Tricho... more The present research was conducted to study the effects of seed vigor and bio-priming with Trichoderma on salt tolerance capability of soybean seedling in Seed Physiology and Technology lab facility and green house complex of faculty of Agricultural Siences in year 2014. In this regard, the factorial experiment was laid out based on RCB design with four replications. The experimental factors included two levels of seed vigour (control and deterioration), bio-priming (control and bio-priming with Trichoderma) and three levels of salinity stress (0, 3 and 6 dS.m-1). Soybean seeds (cv. Williams) were prepared from oilseeds research institute of Ardabil. Some primary tests were carried out to create two seed lots with different vigour status, optimize bio-priming method and determine different levels of salinity using several salts. The results showed that percentage of seedling emergence significantly increased through soybean seed bio-priming. The differnet seed vigour levels and sali...
To evaluate the effects of bio-priming by Trichoderma harzianum on copper tolerance of barley see... more To evaluate the effects of bio-priming by Trichoderma harzianum on copper tolerance of barley seedlings, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, with three replications in Research Farm and Seed Technology Lab of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in year 2016. Experimental factors included pre-treatment (non-priming, hydro-priming, bio-priming, external use of Trichoderma) and concentrations of copper (0.29, 2.9, 29, 290 µM). Commercial Trichoderma was used in this experiment. In the main experiment after seed pre-treatments, barley seeds were sown in plastic pots. After seed planting, the different copper concentrations (as CuCl2) were applied along with hoagland-arnon nutrient solution. For copper stress, CuCl2 was added in Hogland-Arnon nutrient solution. Results revealed that root lenght was significantly reduced at 29 and 290 μM concentrations of copper and shoot length and chlorophyll at 290...
In order to assessing the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of... more In order to assessing the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and its relation to protein markers, a research was programmed using 38 genotypes of lentil in Greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Analysis of studied traits was performed as a factorial experiment with two levels for Factor A (conditions without disease and conditions for disease) and 38 levels (genotypes) for Factor B based on completely randomized design with three replications. Our data showed that the average mortality of plants in the eighth week was more than the fourth week dpi. The mean comparison of studied traits by using LSD test (p=0.01) indicated that they are in different demographic groups. According to the results of cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into three groups, which were differed in the average mortality rate. Analysis of water and salt-soluble proteins showed that the average genetic variation for all loci is 0.5 and the average of Shannon inde...
The Erysiphaceae are obligatory parasitic fungi that cause powdery mildew disease of green space ... more The Erysiphaceae are obligatory parasitic fungi that cause powdery mildew disease of green space plants. During this study, powdery mildew fungi were collected and identified from different localities of Ardabil landscape, Iran. Erysiphe rayssiae (on Spartium junceum), Erysiphe robiniae var. robiniae (on Robinia pseudoacacia) and Euoidium cf. agerati (on Ageratum houstonianum) are new records for mycobiota of Iran. Jasminum sp. is reported as Matrix nova for Erysiphe syringae-japonicae. Also this is the first record of Golovinomyces montagnei on Cirsium arvense and Golovinomyces orontii on Antirrhinum majus in Iran. The taxa including Erysiphe astragali on Astragalus sp., Erysiphe crucifearum on Brassica elongata, Erysiphe polygoni on Rumex sp., Golovinomyces cichoracearum on Cichorium intybus and Golovinomyces sordidus on Plantago sp. are newly found in Ardabil province. Furthermore, some specimens belonging to Podosphaera fusca s.l. were assessed. According to the new species conc...
Fusarium Head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum known as a destructive disease of whea... more Fusarium Head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum known as a destructive disease of wheat has a significant impact not only on global wheat production, but also on food safety because of grain contamination with mycotoxins during infection, a serious threat to the human and animals’ health. To achieve to non-chemical control of FHB, the study of molecular mechanism of resistance to FHB in wheat varieties is important. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of FHB on spike proteome pattern, six bread and durum wheat cultivars were inoculated in a greenhouse with F. graminearum. In addition to measuring the morphological traits, 14 days after inoculation, changes in their proteome pattern were investigated. Two-dimensional electrophoresis technique was used to study the response of wheat spike to Fusarium. Protein extraction was performed by TCAacetone method and two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed in the first dimension by strip gel method and in the ...
The utilization of plant essential oils (EOs) and nanomaterials due to their safety compared with... more The utilization of plant essential oils (EOs) and nanomaterials due to their safety compared with synthetic chemicals has been considered in the management of plant diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of Zataria multiflora, Nepeta haussknechtii, Artemisia sieberi, and Citrus aurantifolia EOs in pure and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocapsulated formulations were evaluated on the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani to find a suitable alternative for synthetic chemicals. The crystal structure and morphological properties of the fabricated nanomaterials were assessed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The textural features of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and the presence of elements in the samples was studied with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. The mycelial growth inhibitory (MGI) was performed in the laboratory by mixing with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at concentra...
There are many methods to detect plant pests and diseases, but they are primarily time-consuming ... more There are many methods to detect plant pests and diseases, but they are primarily time-consuming and costly. Computer vision techniques can recognize the pest- and disease-damaged fruits and provide clues to identify and treat the diseases and pests in their early stages. This study aimed to identify common pests, including the apple capsid (Plesiocoris rugicollis)/AC, apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella)/ACM, Pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri)/PLB, and one physiological disease-apple russeting/AR in two cultivars, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious, using the digital image processing and sparse coding method. The Sparse coding method is used to reduce the storage of the elements of images so that the matrix can be processed faster. There have been numerous studies on the identification of apple fruit diseases and pests. However, most of the previous studies focused only on diagnosing a pest or disease, not on computational volume reduction and rapid detection. This research focused o...
Fusarium is one of the most important and destructive phytopathogenic fungi on a wide range of ho... more Fusarium is one of the most important and destructive phytopathogenic fungi on a wide range of host plants. In the present study, to achieve a suitable alternative for high-risk synthetic chemicals, the antifungal effects of ZnO and ZnO-EO (Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil loaded on ZnO) materials were investigated against six isolates of Fusarium. The chemical composition of Z. multiflora essential oil (EO) was explored by GC-MS, in which thymol and carvacrol were the main components. The physio-chemical properties of fabricated materials were studied by SEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, EDX, XRD, and DLS analyses. The mycelial growth inhibitory (MGI) of ZnO and ZnO-EO materials were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, F. oxysporum f.sp. lentis, F. graminearum, F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, and F. brasilicum in the laboratory conditions. The results showed that ZnO-EO nanocomposite had a fungistatic effect against all tested fungi except F. oxysporum f.sp. lentis a...
TiO2/AgBr composites were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic strategy. Various instruments such a... more TiO2/AgBr composites were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic strategy. Various instruments such as SEM, EDX, XRD, and FT‐IR were exploited to investigate their characteristics. Antifungal activities of the as‐obtained samples were assessed through the inactivation of Fusarium graminearum in the spore suspension method and mycelial growth inhibition of F. graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the microdilution method. The results represented that the TiO2/AgBr samples possess higher antifungal activities on F. graminearum spores than the pure TiO2. The sample with 20 wt% silver bromide represented the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of F. graminearum so that all fungal spores were degraded in the initial times of the treatment process. The inactivation of fungal spores after 60 min was 35.2%, 97.8%, 98.9%, and 98.7%, in respect, for 5, 10, 20, and 30 weight percent of AgBr in the binary nanocomposites, while the inhibition rate was 13.4% for the pure TiO2. With increasing ultrasound irradiation time for more than 30 min, the inactivation rate constant decreased. It was also found that the antifungal activity of the nanocomposites without calcination was higher than those of the calcined materials. Considering the antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi and advantages such as simple synthesis and eco‐friendly nature, it seems that TiO2/AgBr nanocomposites can be used instead of synthetic chemicals after additional field investigations and mass production.
Powdery mildew is an important disease in the fields and greenhouse-grown tomatoes in the world. ... more Powdery mildew is an important disease in the fields and greenhouse-grown tomatoes in the world. Leveillula taurica has been reported as only tomato powdery mildew causal agent in Iran. During study on Erysiphaceae in Ardabil province, tomato leaves with powdery mildew symptoms in one greenhouse in Ardabil city were collected and isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics. Moreover, total DNA was extracted with Chelex 5% method and the ITS region of rDNA were amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. According to morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus identified as Pseudoidium neolycopersici. Thus, this species reported for the first time as powdery mildew on Lycopersicon esculentum in Iran. P. neolycopersici is one of important causal agents of tomato powdery mildew in the world and its occurrence is a new treat on tomato culture in Iran.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)-gelatin ... more This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)-gelatin (GelA)/cinnamon essential oil (CEO) emulsion coatings containing various CEO concentrations (1200, 1800, and 2400 μL/L) in retarding ripening and senescence of ‘Red Delicious’ apples during cold storage (60 days at 4 °C). Coatings decreased the weight loss (WL) (~3.6%), as compared to uncoated fruit (~4.8%). A direct relationship between CEO concentration and respiration rate/ethylene production was also disclosed. Flesh firmness was higher for coated samples, with better results detected especially when the highest amount of CEO was applied (36.48 N for the 2400 μL/L delivered dose vs. 32.60 N for the 1200 μL/L one). These findings were corroborated by additional tests on the surface color, total acidity, soluble solids content, pH, ascorbic acid, and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). This study demonstrated the capability of BCNCs-GelA/CEO systems to dramatic...
This work assessed the antimicrobial potential of natural essential oils (EOs) from cinnamon (CEO... more This work assessed the antimicrobial potential of natural essential oils (EOs) from cinnamon (CEO), zataria (ZEO), and satureja (SEO), applied natively or as coatings against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea during both in vitro and in vivo (on apple fruits) experiments. The induced inhibitory effect towards fungal growth, as a function of both EO type and concentration (75–1200 μL/L), was preliminarily investigated to select the most suitable EO for producing bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs)/fish gelatin (GelA)-based emulsions. CEO and ZEO exhibited the best performances against P. expansum and B. cinerea, respectively. None of the pristine EOs completely inhibited the fungal growth and “disease severity”, properly quantified via size measurements of lesions formed on fruit surfaces. As compared to pristine CEO, coating emulsions with variable CEO concentration (75–2400 µL/L) curbed lesion spreading on apples, owing to the controlled CEO release during a 21-day tem...
In order to evaluate some of genetic variability of eight wheat genotypes for resistance to FHB d... more In order to evaluate some of genetic variability of eight wheat genotypes for resistance to FHB disease of wheat, 93-94 in vitro and in vivo research study of Faculty Agriculture of Mohaghegh Ardabili University were realized. Evaluation agronomic and physiological traits and disease resistance of Fusarium head blight on the factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in both disease and normal conditions. Agronomic traits such as plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and grain number per spike and physiological characteristics of proline (micrograms per gram of fresh weight), protein (mg per gram of fresh tissue), sugar (micrograms per gram of fresh weight) and catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (changes in absorption in mg protein per minute) were measured and recorded. In addition to the genetic variability of agronomic traits and physiological SDS-PAGE using protein markers also were examined. The results of the data analysis and compar...
For assess the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and... more For assess the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and its relation to protein markers, a research was done on the 38 genotype of lentils in greenhouse and laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 1393. Analysis of studied traits was done as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Notes was done in the fourth and eighth weeks after inoculation that the average mortality of plants in the eighth week was more than the fourth week. This means that in the fourth week, eight genotypes of 38 genotypes were known as very resistant with seedling mortality rate of less than 1%, but in the eighth week, the very resistant genotypes fell to 3 genotypes (ILL7531, L 1278-2580 and PI 299127-358-RINV-63-64), indicated the expansion of disease in later stages of the seedling growth. The average comparision of studied traits by using LSD test (p=0.01) indicated that they are in different demographic groups. According to the res...
The present research was conducted to study the effects of seed vigor and bio-priming with Tricho... more The present research was conducted to study the effects of seed vigor and bio-priming with Trichoderma on salt tolerance capability of soybean seedling in Seed Physiology and Technology lab facility and green house complex of faculty of Agricultural Siences in year 2014. In this regard, the factorial experiment was laid out based on RCB design with four replications. The experimental factors included two levels of seed vigour (control and deterioration), bio-priming (control and bio-priming with Trichoderma) and three levels of salinity stress (0, 3 and 6 dS.m-1). Soybean seeds (cv. Williams) were prepared from oilseeds research institute of Ardabil. Some primary tests were carried out to create two seed lots with different vigour status, optimize bio-priming method and determine different levels of salinity using several salts. The results showed that percentage of seedling emergence significantly increased through soybean seed bio-priming. The differnet seed vigour levels and sali...
To evaluate the effects of bio-priming by Trichoderma harzianum on copper tolerance of barley see... more To evaluate the effects of bio-priming by Trichoderma harzianum on copper tolerance of barley seedlings, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, with three replications in Research Farm and Seed Technology Lab of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in year 2016. Experimental factors included pre-treatment (non-priming, hydro-priming, bio-priming, external use of Trichoderma) and concentrations of copper (0.29, 2.9, 29, 290 µM). Commercial Trichoderma was used in this experiment. In the main experiment after seed pre-treatments, barley seeds were sown in plastic pots. After seed planting, the different copper concentrations (as CuCl2) were applied along with hoagland-arnon nutrient solution. For copper stress, CuCl2 was added in Hogland-Arnon nutrient solution. Results revealed that root lenght was significantly reduced at 29 and 290 μM concentrations of copper and shoot length and chlorophyll at 290...
In order to assessing the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of... more In order to assessing the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lentis in different genotypes of lentil and its relation to protein markers, a research was programmed using 38 genotypes of lentil in Greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Analysis of studied traits was performed as a factorial experiment with two levels for Factor A (conditions without disease and conditions for disease) and 38 levels (genotypes) for Factor B based on completely randomized design with three replications. Our data showed that the average mortality of plants in the eighth week was more than the fourth week dpi. The mean comparison of studied traits by using LSD test (p=0.01) indicated that they are in different demographic groups. According to the results of cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into three groups, which were differed in the average mortality rate. Analysis of water and salt-soluble proteins showed that the average genetic variation for all loci is 0.5 and the average of Shannon inde...
The Erysiphaceae are obligatory parasitic fungi that cause powdery mildew disease of green space ... more The Erysiphaceae are obligatory parasitic fungi that cause powdery mildew disease of green space plants. During this study, powdery mildew fungi were collected and identified from different localities of Ardabil landscape, Iran. Erysiphe rayssiae (on Spartium junceum), Erysiphe robiniae var. robiniae (on Robinia pseudoacacia) and Euoidium cf. agerati (on Ageratum houstonianum) are new records for mycobiota of Iran. Jasminum sp. is reported as Matrix nova for Erysiphe syringae-japonicae. Also this is the first record of Golovinomyces montagnei on Cirsium arvense and Golovinomyces orontii on Antirrhinum majus in Iran. The taxa including Erysiphe astragali on Astragalus sp., Erysiphe crucifearum on Brassica elongata, Erysiphe polygoni on Rumex sp., Golovinomyces cichoracearum on Cichorium intybus and Golovinomyces sordidus on Plantago sp. are newly found in Ardabil province. Furthermore, some specimens belonging to Podosphaera fusca s.l. were assessed. According to the new species conc...
Fusarium Head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum known as a destructive disease of whea... more Fusarium Head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum known as a destructive disease of wheat has a significant impact not only on global wheat production, but also on food safety because of grain contamination with mycotoxins during infection, a serious threat to the human and animals’ health. To achieve to non-chemical control of FHB, the study of molecular mechanism of resistance to FHB in wheat varieties is important. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of FHB on spike proteome pattern, six bread and durum wheat cultivars were inoculated in a greenhouse with F. graminearum. In addition to measuring the morphological traits, 14 days after inoculation, changes in their proteome pattern were investigated. Two-dimensional electrophoresis technique was used to study the response of wheat spike to Fusarium. Protein extraction was performed by TCAacetone method and two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed in the first dimension by strip gel method and in the ...
The utilization of plant essential oils (EOs) and nanomaterials due to their safety compared with... more The utilization of plant essential oils (EOs) and nanomaterials due to their safety compared with synthetic chemicals has been considered in the management of plant diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of Zataria multiflora, Nepeta haussknechtii, Artemisia sieberi, and Citrus aurantifolia EOs in pure and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocapsulated formulations were evaluated on the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani to find a suitable alternative for synthetic chemicals. The crystal structure and morphological properties of the fabricated nanomaterials were assessed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The textural features of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and the presence of elements in the samples was studied with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. The mycelial growth inhibitory (MGI) was performed in the laboratory by mixing with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at concentra...
There are many methods to detect plant pests and diseases, but they are primarily time-consuming ... more There are many methods to detect plant pests and diseases, but they are primarily time-consuming and costly. Computer vision techniques can recognize the pest- and disease-damaged fruits and provide clues to identify and treat the diseases and pests in their early stages. This study aimed to identify common pests, including the apple capsid (Plesiocoris rugicollis)/AC, apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella)/ACM, Pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri)/PLB, and one physiological disease-apple russeting/AR in two cultivars, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious, using the digital image processing and sparse coding method. The Sparse coding method is used to reduce the storage of the elements of images so that the matrix can be processed faster. There have been numerous studies on the identification of apple fruit diseases and pests. However, most of the previous studies focused only on diagnosing a pest or disease, not on computational volume reduction and rapid detection. This research focused o...
Fusarium is one of the most important and destructive phytopathogenic fungi on a wide range of ho... more Fusarium is one of the most important and destructive phytopathogenic fungi on a wide range of host plants. In the present study, to achieve a suitable alternative for high-risk synthetic chemicals, the antifungal effects of ZnO and ZnO-EO (Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil loaded on ZnO) materials were investigated against six isolates of Fusarium. The chemical composition of Z. multiflora essential oil (EO) was explored by GC-MS, in which thymol and carvacrol were the main components. The physio-chemical properties of fabricated materials were studied by SEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, EDX, XRD, and DLS analyses. The mycelial growth inhibitory (MGI) of ZnO and ZnO-EO materials were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, F. oxysporum f.sp. lentis, F. graminearum, F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, and F. brasilicum in the laboratory conditions. The results showed that ZnO-EO nanocomposite had a fungistatic effect against all tested fungi except F. oxysporum f.sp. lentis a...
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