Papers by Dauda Muhammad Dauda
Paper contributes towards the clear visibility among combinatorial optimization and optimization ... more Paper contributes towards the clear visibility among combinatorial optimization and optimization techniques by exploring the detailed concept of analogous term according to suitability of optimal methods to concerned problem to be assigned as the objective of the case study. Myriads efforts have been made to focus the various methodologies useful in CO problems but do not give transparent outlook in the area of computer and operation research, but this paper makes reader comfortable to relate the method to the defined problem.
مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث, 2014
This paper details the design and fabrication of a burner system, operating on biogas, for use in... more This paper details the design and fabrication of a burner system, operating on biogas, for use in remote or rural regions of developing countries such as Nigeria. A desirable use for such a system in these areas is domestic cooking, and the burner has been designed with this need in mind, focusing on characteristics such as simplicity, cost effectiveness, efficiency and safety. Mild steel, brass and galvanized pipe sourced locally were selected for the construction. An empirical version of Bernoulli’s theorem was used to derive the flow rate of gas. The different components of the burner design were shown. Also discussed are the modifications necessary to meet the requirements of stable flame for the burner and the testing involved in determining the performance of the burner system.
Small engines, such as conventional two stroke engines used in marine outboards and personal wate... more Small engines, such as conventional two stroke engines used in marine outboards and personal watercraft (PWC), are high polluters relative to their engine size and usage. Porous structures based on zeolites show promising characteristics as washcoat materials on cordierite ceramics for tail pipe exhaust emission control. This study reports the characterization of commercial grades of zeolites (Ammonium form of ZSM-5, Zeolite Y and Mordenite) and several transition phases of these zeolites aiming at their use as environmental washcoat materials. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area and electron microscopy were used to characterize the zeolites. ZSM-5 shows high thermal and structural stability compared to the other zeolites investigated. As porogenic and increased active site agents, the transition phases showed a large quantity of meso-macro pores and a variation in the specific surface areas of the zeolites still large enough, which highlights their potential ...
A recycling aimed research was carried out to produce a new composite material and proffer sugges... more A recycling aimed research was carried out to produce a new composite material and proffer suggestion for the possible use of the newly developed composite material. The empty water sachet (commonly called pure water nylon in Nigeria), was used as a matrix, which was reinforced by carbonized palm kernel shell (CPKS) particulate and iron fillings. The percentage composition of iron fillings was maintained at 5 wt%, while that of palm kernel shell ash was varied from 5 wt%-20 wt% at an interval of 5 %. The composites were compounded and compressively moulded. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were tested for alongside three conventional car bumper samples, and the results obtained shows that the composite material could be used to produce a car bumper among other parts of automobile like dashboard due to their impact strength and low density. Impact strength-density ratio for the materials gave prime information on the possible application of the developed material. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to examine the distribution of the reinforcement within the matrix. After results analysis, materials with 5 wt% of CPKS and that with 10 wt% of CPKS were recommended for the car bumper production following their high impact strength-density ratio of 0.26 and 0.19 respectively, which are higher as compared to that of a conventional bumper material measured alongside the composite materials.
This paper on youth unemployment challenge as a potential source of insecurity in Nigeria is inte... more This paper on youth unemployment challenge as a potential source of insecurity in Nigeria is intended to highlight the problem at hand and also give possible policy alternatives that can alleviate it. The paper will also inform key policy makers and implementers about the interests of the young generation and highlight the rationale for including them in the country"s national development priorities. The paper concluded that youth unemployment and underemployment continue to impose heavy social and economic costs and result in the loss of opportunities for economic growth in Nigeria and Africa at large. The study recommended that government should formulate a policy that ensures that every financial institution operating in the country establishes a facility that can enable youth entrepreneurs to access business loans at low interest rates. There should be standard recruitment procedures embedded in a given Government policy.
The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 2014
The study assesses the effect of Boko Haram crisis on Economic activities in Yobe state. The terr... more The study assesses the effect of Boko Haram crisis on Economic activities in Yobe state. The terrorizing effect of the activities of the fundamentalist sect, Boko Haram on the socio-economic condition ofYobe states of Nigeria has become so devastating that some financial institutions and other business ventures have closed down in many areas, thereby causing relocation of non-indigenes to their own states. Itis based on the above that this paper seeks to find out the extent the Boko Haram insurgency has affected thesocioeconomic situation in Yobe state of Nigeria. During the course of the study, it was discovered that the insecurity situation in the state was so tense that even the indigenes have started to send their children and wards to the some parts of the country for their education. At the end, the paper proffered solutions to the problem.
This research aims to contribute to the development of a solution to the barriers that can create... more This research aims to contribute to the development of a solution to the barriers that can create a direct and indirect impact of various forms of plant and equipment procurement in Kaduna state Tertiary Institutions (2015) in relation to, need assessment, delay in completion, costs and non-conformance with specification by suppliers and installation related issues, likewise the involvement of professionals in procurement activities. Questioner’s, interview, stakeholder’s information and procurements records were used to generate data to ascertain the present barriers so as to identify strengths and weaknesses of the organizations, results were analyzed using various statistical tools to establish the existence of these barriers. The knowledge of the existence of these barriers was used to provide a solution for future reoccurrences.
Biogas was produced using cow dung and poultry droppings as substrates and its green house effect... more Biogas was produced using cow dung and poultry droppings as substrates and its green house effect during combustion was examined. The biogas plant was operated using these substrates (cattle dung and poultry droppings) as feedstock in the ratio of 1 part of dung and dropping to 2 parts of water at a retention time of 30 days. A total of 1.197m3 of biogas was produced from cow dung biomass within a period of 30 days. Average daily production was 0.04m3/day from an average of 1.167Kg of dung. Peak gas production was observed at day 17 with production of 0.075m3 of biogas. Total gas produced using poultry droppings as substrate was 1.659m3 equivalent to 0.06m3/day from an average of 1.167Kg of Poultry droppings. Peak gas volume of 0.092m3 was observed at day 20. The results show that Poultry droppings has higher gas yield than cow dung. Furthermore, flue gas analysis was carried out to establish the emissions of the burners. The results show that solid biomass fuels are typically burne...
In this paper, we present the results of finite element analysis (FEA) performed to investigate n... more In this paper, we present the results of finite element analysis (FEA) performed to investigate nature of stress and their distribution at optimum point along the two turning tables of a micro-controller based versatile machine tool desktop learning module. Commercial Autodesk Inventor was used to create both three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D models as well as performing simulation. Dynamics simulation generated the motion load expected to act on the tables when used for real-life operation which were in turn used to perform FEA. The motion of the dc servo motor driving the tables and other parts of the module is designed to be controlled by programmable chips. Before creating FEA simulation for the tables, numerical divergence were prevented by varying the mesh settings to obtain the settings at which the results of the analyses converges which was obtained at 0.03 average element size and 0.04 minimum element size. Finite element analysis carried out on the tables shows that alumini...
Applied Clay Science, 2021
Abstract In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) microparticles obtained from animal bones were synth... more Abstract In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) microparticles obtained from animal bones were synthesized, and for the first time, HAp was reinforced with beneficiated kaolin using the sol-gel route to improve the mechano-biological properties of the bioceramic materials. The non-reinforced HAp as well as the reinforced samples (K-HAp) were sintered at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to consolidate the mixture and detailed physico-chemical and mechanical characterizations was conducted. In-vitro experiments in phosphate buffer saline and simulated body fluid were used to confirm the degradability and compatibility of the HAp-derived bioceramic materials, respectively. XRD signatures showed that a dominant phase of hydroxyapatite was formed at all sintering temperatures (900, 1000, 1100 °C). The calcium to phosphate ratio (Ca/P) of the K-HAp-900 sample was approximately 1.67, which is the Ca/P ratio for stoichiometric hydroxyapatite prepared from synthetic sources. The active surface areas of the produced kaolin reinforced bioceramic materials: K-HAp 900–1100,were 0.9770, 0.2159 and 0.8659 m2/g, respectively, while the obtained micropore volumes were 0.000397, 0.001287, and 0.000334 cm3/g, respectively. At 900, 1000 and 1100 °C, compressive strengths (after applying the compaction pressure) with a value of 5.67, 6.33 and 7.66 MPa were obtained for the kaolin reinforced bioceramic materials, respectively. The mechanical measurement data further confirms that the reinforced bioceramic materials are suitable for human trabecular bone as the proposed scaffolds were endowed with an improved mechanical strength matching the bearable range of trabecular bone (2–12 MPa). In-vitro experiments showed the degradability and compatibility of the scaffolds. A relative neutral pH was maintained for sample K-HAp 900, and this sample also showed inhibitory potentials for bacterial strain (E. Coli).
Applied Clay Science, 2020
In this study, the crack behaviour of porous kaolin based ceramics was experimentally investigate... more In this study, the crack behaviour of porous kaolin based ceramics was experimentally investigated. The samples (ceramic bodies) were fabricated with the inclusion of pore formers in determined proportions and subjected to heat treatment. Next, the apparent porosity of the samples was measured using the water immersion method. The values confirmed the increased porosity (up to 47%) for the samples with embedded pores. We speculated that the open pores on the surface of the samples which were quite evident, especially with styrofoam as pore formers, may also have penetrated through, hence the enhanced porosity values for the samples. Acoustic emission (AE) activity which reveals the formation of microcracks in the ceramics due to the different thermal expansion coefficients in the cooling stage was recorded for the samples. The first signals of AE counts appeared at 800°C, where the compressive stresses between the different phases (particles with different coefficients of thermal expansion) led to an appearance of microcracks. By introducing porosity to the samples, the AE signals were less pronounced. This was evident for the samples with sawdust as pore formers, and it was inferred that in this sample, microcracking was suppressed. As a validation protocol for AE measurements, mechanical measurements on the produced samples were conducted through the indentation technique to obtain the fracture toughness of the samples. The results conformed to the observation made during AE measurements. The samples embedded with sawdust as porogens produced the highest fracture toughness of 4.77 MPa.m 1/2 by reason of the suppression of microcracking after heat treatment.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from catfish bones (CB) and non-separated anima... more In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from catfish bones (CB) and non-separated animal bones (NB). The bioceramic samples were prepared by a facile synthesis route and the representative scaffolds were prepared by cold compaction and sintered at 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C. To evaluate the properties of the produced HAp, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were carried out. The evaluation of the hardness of the representative bio-derived scaffolds was experimentally conducted while the fracture toughness and brittleness index were obtained by calculation using the hardness test parameters. The experimental data showed that as temperature increased up to 1000°C for CB, there was a consequential increase in hardness, while for NB, hardness values reduced throughout the sintering regimes. These gradients in mechanical measurements are ascribed to phase changes during heat treatment.
Results in Physics, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 2020
This study describes an investigation into the physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical proper... more This study describes an investigation into the physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of coir (coconut fiber) and coconut husk particulates reinforced polymer composites which were prepared by the hot press method. The impact of coir loading on the physical and mechanical properties of the composites was examined in more detail. It was observed that the values of rigidity, flexural strength and hardness were raised up to 7.1 MN/m 2 , 17.0 MPa and 92.5 MN/m 2 , with increase in coir length. Impact energy reduced proportionately with increment in fiber length (from 0.78 J at no fiber inclusions to 0.42 J at 30 mm fiber length). With the increment of fiber length from zero to 10 mm, a reduction in density and increment in water absorption properties was observed. These properties (density and water absorption) remained with increase in fiber length for a given structure of matrix/filler. The surface morphology of composite with longest fiber length (30 mm) was investigated. Fiber pullout and little voids on composite surfaces were seen. Fundamentally, these regions can encourage the matrix impregnation onto the fiber. At the highest fiber loading and at highest frequency (10 Hz) used during the dynamic mechanical examination, the tan d peak gets widened, underlining the enhanced fiber/matrix grip. Also, extra and noticeable peaks were seen at higher frequency conditions in the tan d curves, because of the interlayer phenomenon.
MRS Advances, 2020
In this study, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Pangasius hypophthal... more In this study, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) bones. First, the as-received catfish bones were de-proteinized in open air, and then converted to HAp by a solid state heat treatment method at a temperature of 900 °C for a holding time of 2 h in a muffle furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that HAp with high crystallinity of 99.9% was formed matching the structural properties of flouro-apatite with crystallite sizes of approximately 37.1 nm. The morphology of the HAp prepared showed irregularly shaped particles and revealed the appearance of open pores with a less agglomerated structure and a Ca/P ratio of about 1.58. The specific mechanical properties: hardness, compressive strength and fracture toughness of the catfish derived scaffolds were recorded as 480 MPa, 1.92 MPa, and 5.72 Mpa.m1/2, respectively. The fracture toughness of the HAp derived scaffolds suggests that the produced biomaterial is promising for b...
Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, 2018
The research aims to study and optimize the formulation of materials required for advanced cerami... more The research aims to study and optimize the formulation of materials required for advanced ceramic production using response surface methodology (RSM). In this research effort, the five (5) process independent variables studied with their corresponding levels are: Antang corundum powder, A (92.2 – 100 %W); polyvinyl alcohol, B (0 – 5 %W); CaO, C (0 – 2.3 %W); MgO, D (0 – 0.5 %W); and the sintering temperature, E (1200 – 1500 °C). The mechanical property responses determined were density, ρ, compressive strength, C/S, flexural strength, F/S; which are key characteristics of ceramics for armour applications. The optimized density, compressive strength and flexural strength of the sintered Antang corundum are 3.45 g/cm3 g, 1982 MPa and 295 MPa respectively; while the respective RSM prediction values are 3.45 g/cm3 g, 1982 MPa and 295 MPa. On comparing the determined optimum mechanical responses of the sintered Antang ceramic with the maximum RSM prediction values, there is high level o...
Results in Physics, 2017
The preparation and characterization of kaolin based ceramic membranes using styrofoam (STY) and ... more The preparation and characterization of kaolin based ceramic membranes using styrofoam (STY) and sawdust (SD) as pore formers have been prepared by mechano-chemical synthesis using pressureless sintering technique with porogen content between (0-20) wt% by die pressing. Pellets were fired at 1150°C and soaking time of 4 h. The membranes cast as circular disks were subjected to characterization studies to evaluate the effect of the sintering temperature and pore former content on porosity, density, water absorption and mechanical strength. Obtained membranes show effective porosity with maximum at about 43 and 47% respectively for membranes formulated with styrofoam and sawdust porogens but with a slightly low mechanical strength that does not exceed 19 MPa. The resultant ceramic bodies show a fine porous structure which is mainly caused by the volatilization of the porogens. The fabricated membrane exhibited high N 2 gas flux, hence, these membranes can be considered as efficient for potential application for gas separation by reason of the results shown in the gas flux tests.
Applied Clay Science, 2017
The objective of this study was to prepare low-cost macroporous ceramic membranes using natural k... more The objective of this study was to prepare low-cost macroporous ceramic membranes using natural kaolin obtained from deposits in Nigeria and Ghana, and powdery high density polyethelene (PHDPE) as porogen agent. The ceramic membranes have been prepared with porogen content wt% between (0 and 20)% by die pressing. Pellets were fired at 1150°C and soaking time of 4 h. The raw materials were characterized using TG/DTA, particle size distribution (PSD) and Zeta potential. The membranes cast as circular disks were subjected for characterization studies using XRD and SEM analysis. In a bid to correlate the physico-mechanical properties visà-vis pore former content, the effect of the sintering temperature and pore former (PHDPE) content on porosity, density, water absorption and mechanical strength were evaluated. The membrane corrosion resistance was found to be unaltered with experimental conditions. Obtained membranes showed good porosity with maximum at about 62% with a mechanical strength that does not exceed 18 MPa. These membranes can be considered as efficient regarding the results shown in the gas permeation tests at different sintering temperatures. A PHDPE percentage of 20% and a sintering temperature of 1150°C were chosen as the optimum for gas permeation based on enlarged pore diameter of sintered membranes.
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2017
In the present investigation, Al-X wt-% Mg 2 Si (X = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) in situ composites are ... more In the present investigation, Al-X wt-% Mg 2 Si (X = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) in situ composites are successfully synthesised by one-step gravity casting technique. Commercially pure Al, Mg and Si are used as raw materials. Microstructural evaluation and correlation of micro-and bulk hardness properties have been studied on developing composites. The composites consist of mainly three phases: matrix (α-Al), reinforcing (primary Mg 2 Si) and binary eutectic (Al-Mg 2 Si) phase. Primary Mg 2 Si particles are formed by pseudo-eutectic transformation during solidification and surrounded by matrix and binary eutectic phase. It is found that Mg 2 Si concentration has a significant impact on morphology and volume per cent of the above-mentioned phases. Primary Mg 2 Si particles' size and volume per cent increase with increasing wt-% of Mg 2 Si. Volume per cent of individual phases and Mg 2 Si concentration have great impact on hardness properties of composites. Bulk hardness increases with increasing wt-% of Mg 2 Si concentration, but microhardness of primary Mg 2 Si particle decreases slightly. Mg 2 Si concentration also has significant impact on micro-hardness of individual phases.
Nigerian Journal of Technology, 2015
Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this s... more Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this study, two designs of Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this study, two designs of Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this study, two designs of Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this study, two designs of
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Papers by Dauda Muhammad Dauda