Structural equation modelling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a var... more Structural equation modelling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a variety of disciplines, including educational management. Recent research advocates the use of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) as an attractive tool in action research. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine how PLS-SEM has been applied in action research with the aim of investigating the effect of teacher’s leadership styles (transformational and transaction) and student’s motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) on student engagement for implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in classrooms as well as explore the mediating role of motivational factors of student between the relationship of teacher’s leadership styles and student engagement. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self-administrated questionnaire among the students of some selected schools in Bangladesh. The transactional leadership style of teachers influences student engagement, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation while the transformational leadership style of teachers influences the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the student. Both motivational factors mediated the relationship between leadership styles and student engagement. This study contributes to the literature by providing teachers with the updated guidelines for action research by using PLS-SEM. The study also suggests the way for increasing student engagement for CLT implementation in classrooms.
International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship (IJBT)
The study underscores the paramount importance of meticulous population selection and sampling st... more The study underscores the paramount importance of meticulous population selection and sampling strategy in research design. Providing researchers with a comprehensive overview of population considerations and sampling methods, it offers a valuable resource for enhancing the robustness and applicability of research outcomes across diverse disciplines. Researchers discuss the unit of analysis, unit of observation, population of interest, target population, sampling framework, and sampling methods in light of employee work engagement in Malaysia. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling (single-stage, double-stage, and multi-stage), phase sampling (two-phase and multiphase), convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and volunteer sampling have been discussed for selecting the appropriate sampling method for the research titled Revisiting of JD-R Theory and the effect of leadership style and meani...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 3, 2021
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals was... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in this kind of journal. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing the process with a high rate of fee. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. One Scopus indexed journal has been selected for reviewing their articles and investigating the publication process. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing fake journals.
This study revisits the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory based on the Malaysian context with t... more This study revisits the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory based on the Malaysian context with the attachment of workaholism as a personal demand. A total of 199 respondents' data was collected by online self-administered questionnaire longitudinally (T1 and T2, with a six-month lag) and largely cross-sectionally (questionnaires for job crafting and self-undermining were attached in T2 only). Path-coefficient analysis through PLS-SEM was performed to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that the JD-R theory is equally valid for Malaysian employees to increase their work engagement, as in the literature for Western cultures. Future studies can be conducted based on a multi-country and longitudinal basis.
This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating effect of motivational factor... more This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating effect of motivational factors between the relationship of leadership styles and employee engagement in the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. The study is used Herzberg's two-factor theory and full range leadership theory. Using the deductive approach and quantitative technique, the study has collected data from 387 employees of the RMG industry via a closedended researcher-administered questionnaire. The findings show that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, as well as transactional leadership style, have a significant effect on employee engagement in the RMG industry. Motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) mediate the relationship between the relationship of leadership styles (transformational and transactional) and employee engagement. It is suggested that the industry should focus on transactional leadership style and motivational factors for filling the ambitious target in the future.
The goal of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of motivational factors between th... more The goal of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of motivational factors between the relationship of leadership styles and employee engagement in the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. Herzberg's two-factor and Full-range leadership theories were employed in the research. The study used a closed ended researcher-administered questionnaire to collect data from 387 employees in the RMG industry, using a deductive approach and quantitative technique. The findings demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors, as well as transformational and transactional leadership styles, have a significant impact on employee engagement in the RMG industry. Intrinsic motivation moderates the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and employee engagement while, Extrinsic motivation only moderates the relationship between transactional leadership style and employee engagement. For the ambitious objective of 2025, it is advised that the industry should focus on suitable leadership styles and motivating factors.
<p>The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibili... more <p>The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility practices of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), Bangladesh and to know the client's knowledge, feedback, awareness and eagerness towards the CSR activities while choosing a bank. This study also investigates the level of present and expected CSR contribution of this bank. A cross- sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self administered questionnaire and data were collected from 100 clients at South Surma branch. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the findings revealed that CSR activities played an important role for clients to choose a bank. Most of the clients were aware of CSR program and they had positive reaction to CSR practices of DBBL. Clients also suggested to expand CSR practices and they were willing to contribute for social activities financially. The results show the policy implications for business community, citizen, customers, investors, managers and other stakeholders.</p>
The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative w... more The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior as well as the internal locus of control's moderating role and psychological empowerment between the relationships of them. We collected data from 422 respondents who are related to family business in Malaysia. Path coefficient analysis was employed to test the hypotheses and SPSS software was used for analyzing descriptive data. The results showed that transformational leadership style, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control have affirmative relationship and significant impact on innovative work behavior. Finally, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control were not found to have moderating effect between innovative work behavior and the style of transformational leadership.
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of ru... more The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone jo... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in these journals. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing process with a high rate of fee while the name and ISSN of clone journals are identical to the original journals. Purposive sampling technique as well as document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. Two clone versions and two fraud journals of the SCOPUS indexing journals have been selected for reviewing their articles. Based on the discussion of this study, researchers found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ clone journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing on fake journals.
Making the logic behind the theory clear and understandable to the users is the most difficult pa... more Making the logic behind the theory clear and understandable to the users is the most difficult part of theory construction study in applied disciplines. Even though different approaches of theory building argue for diverse theory building research methodologies, theory development is essentially general. This study supports JD-R as a theory by outlining methodologies often employed in theory construction on past research. JD-R model consists of conservation of resources theory, two-factor theory of Herzberg, job characteristics model, job demand-control model and effort–reward imbalance model. According to this model, job resources will minimize the undesirable impact of job demands on exhaustion. The early model was expanded to incorporate performance measurements. Cynicism predicts performance, whereas cynicism associated to colleague rated extra role and exhaustion related to in role performance. Then the revised model attempted to describe both a negative (burnout) and a positive psychological state (work engagement). Later, personal Resources and Job Crafting have been integrated with this model for the application to predict job burnout, organizational commitment, work enjoyment, connectedness, and work engagement. The JD-R model has developed into a theory because of numerous investigations, original ideas, and meta-analyses that have been conducted on it by following the steps of conceptualization, operationalization, implementation, confirmation or denial, and ongoing refining and improvement. Personal Demand and Leadership style can be attached in JD-R theory in future.
Italian journal of psychology and occupational health, 2022
Introduction: This study investigates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors... more Introduction: This study investigates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on employee engagement in the RMG industry in Bangladesh Methods: Based on Herzberg's Two Factor theory, this study has followed a quantitative approach to develop the hypotheses. The questionnaire has been adapted from the previous studies to conduct this study with seven Likert measurement scales. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data cross-sectionally from a total of 500 respondents. Finally, the data have been analyzed by SPSS 29 for respondents' demographic profiles and smart PLS 4 to test the hypotheses. Results: Extrinsic motivational factors (0.402) and intrinsic motivational factors (0.296) have a large and medium effect size (f square) on employee engagement, respectively. In contrast, extrinsic motivational factors have a significant effect on employee engagement (b=0.536, t=6.365, p<0.000); and intrinsic motivational factors have a significant effect on employee engagement (b=0.503, t=4.528, p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors significantly influence employee engagement. However, extrinsic motivational factors affect employee engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors. For example, authority, relationship with supervisor, variety, job security, advancement, salary, ability utilization, achievement, responsibility, recognition, and growth positively affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh. On the other hand, relationships with peers, working conditions, company policy and procedure, Job itself, creativity, independence, and moral values do not affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh.
This study inspects the effects of motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) and leadership ... more This study inspects the effects of motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) and leadership styles (transformational and transactional) on worker engagement in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. The paper is based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The study adopted a quantitative technique and used SPSS to analyse the data assembled from a valid sample of 387 workers in Bangladesh’s ready-made garments industry. The findings show that extrinsic motivational factors positively correlate with worker engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors. Consequently, transformational leadership is positively associated with worker engagement more than transactional leadership among the workers in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. In conclusion, it is suggested that the industry should focus more on the transformational leadership style compared to the transactional leadership style and workers have to be motivated to increase productivity in this specific industry.
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals was... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in this kind of journal. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing the process with a high rate of fee. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. One Scopus indexed journal has been selected for reviewing their articles and investigating the publication process. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing fake journals.
Structural equation modelling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a var... more Structural equation modelling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a variety of disciplines, including educational management. Recent research advocates the use of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) as an attractive tool in action research. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine how PLS-SEM has been applied in action research with the aim of investigating the effect of teacher’s leadership styles (transformational and transaction) and student’s motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) on student engagement for implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in classrooms as well as explore the mediating role of motivational factors of student between the relationship of teacher’s leadership styles and student engagement. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self-administrated questionnaire among the students of some selected schools in Bangladesh. The transactional leadership style of teachers influences student engagement, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation while the transformational leadership style of teachers influences the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the student. Both motivational factors mediated the relationship between leadership styles and student engagement. This study contributes to the literature by providing teachers with the updated guidelines for action research by using PLS-SEM. The study also suggests the way for increasing student engagement for CLT implementation in classrooms.
International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship (IJBT)
The study underscores the paramount importance of meticulous population selection and sampling st... more The study underscores the paramount importance of meticulous population selection and sampling strategy in research design. Providing researchers with a comprehensive overview of population considerations and sampling methods, it offers a valuable resource for enhancing the robustness and applicability of research outcomes across diverse disciplines. Researchers discuss the unit of analysis, unit of observation, population of interest, target population, sampling framework, and sampling methods in light of employee work engagement in Malaysia. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling (single-stage, double-stage, and multi-stage), phase sampling (two-phase and multiphase), convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and volunteer sampling have been discussed for selecting the appropriate sampling method for the research titled Revisiting of JD-R Theory and the effect of leadership style and meani...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 3, 2021
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals was... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in this kind of journal. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing the process with a high rate of fee. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. One Scopus indexed journal has been selected for reviewing their articles and investigating the publication process. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing fake journals.
This study revisits the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory based on the Malaysian context with t... more This study revisits the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory based on the Malaysian context with the attachment of workaholism as a personal demand. A total of 199 respondents' data was collected by online self-administered questionnaire longitudinally (T1 and T2, with a six-month lag) and largely cross-sectionally (questionnaires for job crafting and self-undermining were attached in T2 only). Path-coefficient analysis through PLS-SEM was performed to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that the JD-R theory is equally valid for Malaysian employees to increase their work engagement, as in the literature for Western cultures. Future studies can be conducted based on a multi-country and longitudinal basis.
This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating effect of motivational factor... more This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating effect of motivational factors between the relationship of leadership styles and employee engagement in the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. The study is used Herzberg's two-factor theory and full range leadership theory. Using the deductive approach and quantitative technique, the study has collected data from 387 employees of the RMG industry via a closedended researcher-administered questionnaire. The findings show that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, as well as transactional leadership style, have a significant effect on employee engagement in the RMG industry. Motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) mediate the relationship between the relationship of leadership styles (transformational and transactional) and employee engagement. It is suggested that the industry should focus on transactional leadership style and motivational factors for filling the ambitious target in the future.
The goal of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of motivational factors between th... more The goal of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of motivational factors between the relationship of leadership styles and employee engagement in the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. Herzberg's two-factor and Full-range leadership theories were employed in the research. The study used a closed ended researcher-administered questionnaire to collect data from 387 employees in the RMG industry, using a deductive approach and quantitative technique. The findings demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors, as well as transformational and transactional leadership styles, have a significant impact on employee engagement in the RMG industry. Intrinsic motivation moderates the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and employee engagement while, Extrinsic motivation only moderates the relationship between transactional leadership style and employee engagement. For the ambitious objective of 2025, it is advised that the industry should focus on suitable leadership styles and motivating factors.
<p>The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibili... more <p>The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility practices of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), Bangladesh and to know the client's knowledge, feedback, awareness and eagerness towards the CSR activities while choosing a bank. This study also investigates the level of present and expected CSR contribution of this bank. A cross- sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self administered questionnaire and data were collected from 100 clients at South Surma branch. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the findings revealed that CSR activities played an important role for clients to choose a bank. Most of the clients were aware of CSR program and they had positive reaction to CSR practices of DBBL. Clients also suggested to expand CSR practices and they were willing to contribute for social activities financially. The results show the policy implications for business community, citizen, customers, investors, managers and other stakeholders.</p>
The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative w... more The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior as well as the internal locus of control's moderating role and psychological empowerment between the relationships of them. We collected data from 422 respondents who are related to family business in Malaysia. Path coefficient analysis was employed to test the hypotheses and SPSS software was used for analyzing descriptive data. The results showed that transformational leadership style, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control have affirmative relationship and significant impact on innovative work behavior. Finally, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control were not found to have moderating effect between innovative work behavior and the style of transformational leadership.
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of ru... more The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone jo... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in these journals. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing process with a high rate of fee while the name and ISSN of clone journals are identical to the original journals. Purposive sampling technique as well as document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. Two clone versions and two fraud journals of the SCOPUS indexing journals have been selected for reviewing their articles. Based on the discussion of this study, researchers found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ clone journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing on fake journals.
Making the logic behind the theory clear and understandable to the users is the most difficult pa... more Making the logic behind the theory clear and understandable to the users is the most difficult part of theory construction study in applied disciplines. Even though different approaches of theory building argue for diverse theory building research methodologies, theory development is essentially general. This study supports JD-R as a theory by outlining methodologies often employed in theory construction on past research. JD-R model consists of conservation of resources theory, two-factor theory of Herzberg, job characteristics model, job demand-control model and effort–reward imbalance model. According to this model, job resources will minimize the undesirable impact of job demands on exhaustion. The early model was expanded to incorporate performance measurements. Cynicism predicts performance, whereas cynicism associated to colleague rated extra role and exhaustion related to in role performance. Then the revised model attempted to describe both a negative (burnout) and a positive psychological state (work engagement). Later, personal Resources and Job Crafting have been integrated with this model for the application to predict job burnout, organizational commitment, work enjoyment, connectedness, and work engagement. The JD-R model has developed into a theory because of numerous investigations, original ideas, and meta-analyses that have been conducted on it by following the steps of conceptualization, operationalization, implementation, confirmation or denial, and ongoing refining and improvement. Personal Demand and Leadership style can be attached in JD-R theory in future.
Italian journal of psychology and occupational health, 2022
Introduction: This study investigates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors... more Introduction: This study investigates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on employee engagement in the RMG industry in Bangladesh Methods: Based on Herzberg's Two Factor theory, this study has followed a quantitative approach to develop the hypotheses. The questionnaire has been adapted from the previous studies to conduct this study with seven Likert measurement scales. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data cross-sectionally from a total of 500 respondents. Finally, the data have been analyzed by SPSS 29 for respondents' demographic profiles and smart PLS 4 to test the hypotheses. Results: Extrinsic motivational factors (0.402) and intrinsic motivational factors (0.296) have a large and medium effect size (f square) on employee engagement, respectively. In contrast, extrinsic motivational factors have a significant effect on employee engagement (b=0.536, t=6.365, p<0.000); and intrinsic motivational factors have a significant effect on employee engagement (b=0.503, t=4.528, p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors significantly influence employee engagement. However, extrinsic motivational factors affect employee engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors. For example, authority, relationship with supervisor, variety, job security, advancement, salary, ability utilization, achievement, responsibility, recognition, and growth positively affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh. On the other hand, relationships with peers, working conditions, company policy and procedure, Job itself, creativity, independence, and moral values do not affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh.
This study inspects the effects of motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) and leadership ... more This study inspects the effects of motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) and leadership styles (transformational and transactional) on worker engagement in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. The paper is based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The study adopted a quantitative technique and used SPSS to analyse the data assembled from a valid sample of 387 workers in Bangladesh’s ready-made garments industry. The findings show that extrinsic motivational factors positively correlate with worker engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors. Consequently, transformational leadership is positively associated with worker engagement more than transactional leadership among the workers in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. In conclusion, it is suggested that the industry should focus more on the transformational leadership style compared to the transactional leadership style and workers have to be motivated to increase productivity in this specific industry.
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals was... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in this kind of journal. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing the process with a high rate of fee. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. One Scopus indexed journal has been selected for reviewing their articles and investigating the publication process. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing fake journals.
The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone jo... more The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in these journals. Fraud journals publish the articles without the reviewing process with a high rate of fee while the name and ISSN of clone journals are identical to the original journals. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method had been used to conduct this research. Two clone versions and two fraud journals of the Scopus indexing journals had been selected for reviewing their articles. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ clone journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing on fake journals.
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Papers by Dalowar Hossan
construction study in applied disciplines. Even though different approaches of theory building argue for
diverse theory building research methodologies, theory development is essentially general. This study
supports JD-R as a theory by outlining methodologies often employed in theory construction on past
research. JD-R model consists of conservation of resources theory, two-factor theory of Herzberg, job
characteristics model, job demand-control model and effort–reward imbalance model. According to this
model, job resources will minimize the undesirable impact of job demands on exhaustion. The early model
was expanded to incorporate performance measurements. Cynicism predicts performance, whereas
cynicism associated to colleague rated extra role and exhaustion related to in role performance. Then the
revised model attempted to describe both a negative (burnout) and a positive psychological state (work
engagement). Later, personal Resources and Job Crafting have been integrated with this model for the
application to predict job burnout, organizational commitment, work enjoyment, connectedness, and work
engagement. The JD-R model has developed into a theory because of numerous investigations, original
ideas, and meta-analyses that have been conducted on it by following the steps of conceptualization,
operationalization, implementation, confirmation or denial, and ongoing refining and improvement.
Personal Demand and Leadership style can be attached in JD-R theory in future.
employee engagement. However, extrinsic motivational factors affect employee engagement more
than intrinsic motivational factors. For example, authority, relationship with supervisor, variety, job
security, advancement, salary, ability utilization, achievement, responsibility, recognition, and
growth positively affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh. On the other hand, relationships with peers, working conditions, company policy and procedure, Job itself, creativity,
independence, and moral values do not affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh.
transactional) on worker engagement in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. The paper is based on
Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The study adopted a quantitative technique and used SPSS to analyse the data
assembled from a valid sample of 387 workers in Bangladesh’s ready-made garments industry. The findings show that
extrinsic motivational factors positively correlate with worker engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors.
Consequently, transformational leadership is positively associated with worker engagement more than transactional
leadership among the workers in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. In conclusion, it is suggested that the
industry should focus more on the transformational leadership style compared to the transactional leadership style and
workers have to be motivated to increase productivity in this specific industry.
construction study in applied disciplines. Even though different approaches of theory building argue for
diverse theory building research methodologies, theory development is essentially general. This study
supports JD-R as a theory by outlining methodologies often employed in theory construction on past
research. JD-R model consists of conservation of resources theory, two-factor theory of Herzberg, job
characteristics model, job demand-control model and effort–reward imbalance model. According to this
model, job resources will minimize the undesirable impact of job demands on exhaustion. The early model
was expanded to incorporate performance measurements. Cynicism predicts performance, whereas
cynicism associated to colleague rated extra role and exhaustion related to in role performance. Then the
revised model attempted to describe both a negative (burnout) and a positive psychological state (work
engagement). Later, personal Resources and Job Crafting have been integrated with this model for the
application to predict job burnout, organizational commitment, work enjoyment, connectedness, and work
engagement. The JD-R model has developed into a theory because of numerous investigations, original
ideas, and meta-analyses that have been conducted on it by following the steps of conceptualization,
operationalization, implementation, confirmation or denial, and ongoing refining and improvement.
Personal Demand and Leadership style can be attached in JD-R theory in future.
employee engagement. However, extrinsic motivational factors affect employee engagement more
than intrinsic motivational factors. For example, authority, relationship with supervisor, variety, job
security, advancement, salary, ability utilization, achievement, responsibility, recognition, and
growth positively affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh. On the other hand, relationships with peers, working conditions, company policy and procedure, Job itself, creativity,
independence, and moral values do not affect employee engagement in RMG in Bangladesh.
transactional) on worker engagement in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. The paper is based on
Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The study adopted a quantitative technique and used SPSS to analyse the data
assembled from a valid sample of 387 workers in Bangladesh’s ready-made garments industry. The findings show that
extrinsic motivational factors positively correlate with worker engagement more than intrinsic motivational factors.
Consequently, transformational leadership is positively associated with worker engagement more than transactional
leadership among the workers in the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. In conclusion, it is suggested that the
industry should focus more on the transformational leadership style compared to the transactional leadership style and
workers have to be motivated to increase productivity in this specific industry.