International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This thesis looks at the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in manag... more This thesis looks at the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in managing waqf in Malaysia for the period 2007 to 2013. Two stages of analysis are pertinent to the efficiency study of the SIRCs. In the first stage, the measurement of the technical efficiency of the SIRCs uses two basic models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); the Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model. For the purpose of measuring the efficiency, this study uses three inputs and two outputs selected based on the intermediation approach
13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Nowadays, mobile devices are important devices especially in business sectors and has led to the ... more Nowadays, mobile devices are important devices especially in business sectors and has led to the development of mobile commerce to engage in online transactions (Zheng, Men, Yang, & Gong, 2019). Mobile commerce has unique features compared to the e-commerce such as ubiquity, interactivity, localization services, and usage patterns (Wang, Ou, & Chen, 2019) In addition, M-commerce has important implications for service providers to construct effective services through key factors of m-commerce adoption in order to satisfy customers (Hsu & Yeh, 2018). According to Khalifa and Shen (2008), m-commerce covers a large number of services, including mobile financial services (m-banking, m-payment, and m-brokering), mobile shopping (m-retailing, m-ticketing, and m-auctions) and mobile entertainment (m-gaming, m-music, m-video, and m-betting). In Malaysia, m-commerce is still at the early stage and there is a limited number of studies on m-commerce in Malaysia (Krishna et al., 2017). Neverthel...
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of the Waqf institutions organized by the S... more The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of the Waqf institutions organized by the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In Malaysia, the SIRCs are responsible to manage Waqf assets entrusted to them. As of recent, there are quite a number of studies looking into the performance of the SIRCs in managing the Waqf. Therefore, there are three types of DEA model applied in this study; technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). The data consists of 13 Waqf Institutions for the period of 2007 to 2013. The results of this study suggest that only 1 of the Waqf institutions is fully efficient and the other 12 institutions are inefficient when the analysis is done on a full sample of the 13 SIRCs. Further analysis on the technical efficiency components also reveals that inefficiency of the Waqf Institutions is mainly caused by managerial inefficiency rather than scale inefficiency.
The rising need of higher education has led to the introduction of Quality Standard Assurance reg... more The rising need of higher education has led to the introduction of Quality Standard Assurance regulation by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) forcing universities to seriously commit themselves in providing high quality education to their students. Higher education institutions (HEI) are required to regularly review the quality of education and services rendered to their students. In the past, there was no special study focusing on the quality of education taking into account evaluations particularly from students’ perspective. Therefore, this study is attempted to assess quality performance on the basis of educational program resources in selected Malaysia’s Northern public universities. Researchers focused on variables such as general facilities, library system and education program in relation to the study. Generally, this study attempted to examine in what ways do these variables (general facilities, library system and education program) contribute to the quality performance o...
Since the inception of the microcredit programmes, various studies have been carried out to asses... more Since the inception of the microcredit programmes, various studies have been carried out to assess their impacts. Earlier studies seemed to focus on the impact of microcredit programmes on the participants' income, and consequently on poverty. However, recent impact studies of microcredit programme have looked into the participants' well-being instead of their income to measure their quality of life. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the impact of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM)'s microcredit programmes on the participants' quality of life using a more comprehensive measure. Different from earlier research, this study takes on a different perspective by examining aspects of personal attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour in assessing the impact that the microcredit programmes have on the participants' quality of life. In this study, the hypotheses are tested using a crosssectional dat...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2020
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, location, and size ... more This study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, location, and size of organization with the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in managing waqf in Malaysia for the period 2007 to 2013. The measurement of the technical efficiency of the SIRCs uses two basic models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). For the purpose of measuring the efficiency, this study uses three inputs and two outputs selected based on the intermediation approach. Based on efficiency scores, further investigation is made into the factors that are influential to the efficiency level of the SIRCs by evaluating the relationship between location, size of organization and governance mechanisms as measured by board size, board independence and board meeting against efficiency by using the panel data analysis. The findings show only one SIRC is fully efficient and the other twelve SIRCs are inefficient when analysis is done on a full sample of the thirteen SIRCs. Further analysis on the technical efficiency components also reveals that the SIRCs inefficiency mostly caused by managerial inefficiency, not scale inefficiency. Finally, the findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between all efficiency scores with location and the board size signifying that the SIRC Penang almost achieve full efficiency in their management of the waqf. Meanwhile, size of organization and board independence are significant with scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency respectively showing that large size organization are more efficient in their production process and the more outsiders in the board of directors, the less efficient is the SIRCs.
Islamic finance sector has been around for many years. In Malaysia, it started since 1963 with th... more Islamic finance sector has been around for many years. In Malaysia, it started since 1963 with the establishment of Pilgrim Management and Fund Board (Lembaga Tabung Haji). Since then, its development is intensified through establishment of various institutions and legislations. Globally, Islamic finance has gained popularity especially after the 2008 financial crisis. It is seen by many countries as resistant to many financial collapses that happen to countries using conventional financial system. There are many forums conducted to discuss issues on Islamic finance. One prominent forum known as World International Economic Forum (WIEF) first in session in 2005 is a platform to discuss Islamic finance issue with participation of third world and developed countries. Recently, an Islamic Financial Intelligence Summit 2013 attended by the Royal Highness Raja Nazrin Shah also in session to discuss the future of Islamic finance industry. Raja Nazrin Shah stresses the importance of establishing linkage between the industry and its socio-economic obligations in putting the real meaning to Islam. One good way to achieve this is via new mechanism in managing and developing waqf institution in Malaysia. He believes that application of new mechanism in developing waqf in Malaysia will further strengthen its position as a top player in the Islamic finance industry. Therefore, this paper specifically will touch on the application of a relatively new waqf mechanism, namely corporate waqf as a way to strengthen Islamic finance industry in Malaysia. To start, a brief outlook on Islamic finance along with its history in the context of Malaysia’s scenario is presented. Moving on, the introduction of waqf and some innovative mechanisms with a focus on corporate waqf will also be detailed.
Islamic trust, specifically waqf is one instrument to improve the welfare of Islamic society, nam... more Islamic trust, specifically waqf is one instrument to improve the welfare of Islamic society, namely the ummah. Its importance is widespread among all Muslim countries with each country has different method in implementing it. For the past decades, the issues pertaining to waqf have become the most talk about agenda among the fiqh scholars, administrators and academicians. With its vast application, it is not an easy task to utilize the concept of waqf within the society. There are so many problems arising from lack of knowledge among the practitioners along with lack of knowledge among the Islamic society themselves. The combination of these two scenarios has contributed to mismanagement and corruption in many waqf institutions. Malaysia, as one of the well-known Muslim countries, is no exception when it comes to managing its waqf institutions. There are a lot of efforts to improve the waqf system in Malaysia in terms of management and administration of it. Even there are studies-although limited and mostly conceptual- done into the waqf management system in Malaysia; some findings are deemed to be useful and some are yet to be proven in their application to the waqf system. Therefore, this paper will add to the literature of waqf management by going into the application of corporate waqf which seem to be a success in reforming Malaysia’s waqf system. An insight into the meaning of waqf, its characteristic, management structure and issues will also be laid down in this paper.
International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This thesis looks at the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in manag... more This thesis looks at the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in managing waqf in Malaysia for the period 2007 to 2013. Two stages of analysis are pertinent to the efficiency study of the SIRCs. In the first stage, the measurement of the technical efficiency of the SIRCs uses two basic models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); the Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model. For the purpose of measuring the efficiency, this study uses three inputs and two outputs selected based on the intermediation approach
13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Nowadays, mobile devices are important devices especially in business sectors and has led to the ... more Nowadays, mobile devices are important devices especially in business sectors and has led to the development of mobile commerce to engage in online transactions (Zheng, Men, Yang, & Gong, 2019). Mobile commerce has unique features compared to the e-commerce such as ubiquity, interactivity, localization services, and usage patterns (Wang, Ou, & Chen, 2019) In addition, M-commerce has important implications for service providers to construct effective services through key factors of m-commerce adoption in order to satisfy customers (Hsu & Yeh, 2018). According to Khalifa and Shen (2008), m-commerce covers a large number of services, including mobile financial services (m-banking, m-payment, and m-brokering), mobile shopping (m-retailing, m-ticketing, and m-auctions) and mobile entertainment (m-gaming, m-music, m-video, and m-betting). In Malaysia, m-commerce is still at the early stage and there is a limited number of studies on m-commerce in Malaysia (Krishna et al., 2017). Neverthel...
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of the Waqf institutions organized by the S... more The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of the Waqf institutions organized by the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In Malaysia, the SIRCs are responsible to manage Waqf assets entrusted to them. As of recent, there are quite a number of studies looking into the performance of the SIRCs in managing the Waqf. Therefore, there are three types of DEA model applied in this study; technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). The data consists of 13 Waqf Institutions for the period of 2007 to 2013. The results of this study suggest that only 1 of the Waqf institutions is fully efficient and the other 12 institutions are inefficient when the analysis is done on a full sample of the 13 SIRCs. Further analysis on the technical efficiency components also reveals that inefficiency of the Waqf Institutions is mainly caused by managerial inefficiency rather than scale inefficiency.
The rising need of higher education has led to the introduction of Quality Standard Assurance reg... more The rising need of higher education has led to the introduction of Quality Standard Assurance regulation by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) forcing universities to seriously commit themselves in providing high quality education to their students. Higher education institutions (HEI) are required to regularly review the quality of education and services rendered to their students. In the past, there was no special study focusing on the quality of education taking into account evaluations particularly from students’ perspective. Therefore, this study is attempted to assess quality performance on the basis of educational program resources in selected Malaysia’s Northern public universities. Researchers focused on variables such as general facilities, library system and education program in relation to the study. Generally, this study attempted to examine in what ways do these variables (general facilities, library system and education program) contribute to the quality performance o...
Since the inception of the microcredit programmes, various studies have been carried out to asses... more Since the inception of the microcredit programmes, various studies have been carried out to assess their impacts. Earlier studies seemed to focus on the impact of microcredit programmes on the participants' income, and consequently on poverty. However, recent impact studies of microcredit programme have looked into the participants' well-being instead of their income to measure their quality of life. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the impact of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM)'s microcredit programmes on the participants' quality of life using a more comprehensive measure. Different from earlier research, this study takes on a different perspective by examining aspects of personal attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour in assessing the impact that the microcredit programmes have on the participants' quality of life. In this study, the hypotheses are tested using a crosssectional dat...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2020
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, location, and size ... more This study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, location, and size of organization with the efficiency of thirteen State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in managing waqf in Malaysia for the period 2007 to 2013. The measurement of the technical efficiency of the SIRCs uses two basic models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). For the purpose of measuring the efficiency, this study uses three inputs and two outputs selected based on the intermediation approach. Based on efficiency scores, further investigation is made into the factors that are influential to the efficiency level of the SIRCs by evaluating the relationship between location, size of organization and governance mechanisms as measured by board size, board independence and board meeting against efficiency by using the panel data analysis. The findings show only one SIRC is fully efficient and the other twelve SIRCs are inefficient when analysis is done on a full sample of the thirteen SIRCs. Further analysis on the technical efficiency components also reveals that the SIRCs inefficiency mostly caused by managerial inefficiency, not scale inefficiency. Finally, the findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between all efficiency scores with location and the board size signifying that the SIRC Penang almost achieve full efficiency in their management of the waqf. Meanwhile, size of organization and board independence are significant with scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency respectively showing that large size organization are more efficient in their production process and the more outsiders in the board of directors, the less efficient is the SIRCs.
Islamic finance sector has been around for many years. In Malaysia, it started since 1963 with th... more Islamic finance sector has been around for many years. In Malaysia, it started since 1963 with the establishment of Pilgrim Management and Fund Board (Lembaga Tabung Haji). Since then, its development is intensified through establishment of various institutions and legislations. Globally, Islamic finance has gained popularity especially after the 2008 financial crisis. It is seen by many countries as resistant to many financial collapses that happen to countries using conventional financial system. There are many forums conducted to discuss issues on Islamic finance. One prominent forum known as World International Economic Forum (WIEF) first in session in 2005 is a platform to discuss Islamic finance issue with participation of third world and developed countries. Recently, an Islamic Financial Intelligence Summit 2013 attended by the Royal Highness Raja Nazrin Shah also in session to discuss the future of Islamic finance industry. Raja Nazrin Shah stresses the importance of establishing linkage between the industry and its socio-economic obligations in putting the real meaning to Islam. One good way to achieve this is via new mechanism in managing and developing waqf institution in Malaysia. He believes that application of new mechanism in developing waqf in Malaysia will further strengthen its position as a top player in the Islamic finance industry. Therefore, this paper specifically will touch on the application of a relatively new waqf mechanism, namely corporate waqf as a way to strengthen Islamic finance industry in Malaysia. To start, a brief outlook on Islamic finance along with its history in the context of Malaysia’s scenario is presented. Moving on, the introduction of waqf and some innovative mechanisms with a focus on corporate waqf will also be detailed.
Islamic trust, specifically waqf is one instrument to improve the welfare of Islamic society, nam... more Islamic trust, specifically waqf is one instrument to improve the welfare of Islamic society, namely the ummah. Its importance is widespread among all Muslim countries with each country has different method in implementing it. For the past decades, the issues pertaining to waqf have become the most talk about agenda among the fiqh scholars, administrators and academicians. With its vast application, it is not an easy task to utilize the concept of waqf within the society. There are so many problems arising from lack of knowledge among the practitioners along with lack of knowledge among the Islamic society themselves. The combination of these two scenarios has contributed to mismanagement and corruption in many waqf institutions. Malaysia, as one of the well-known Muslim countries, is no exception when it comes to managing its waqf institutions. There are a lot of efforts to improve the waqf system in Malaysia in terms of management and administration of it. Even there are studies-although limited and mostly conceptual- done into the waqf management system in Malaysia; some findings are deemed to be useful and some are yet to be proven in their application to the waqf system. Therefore, this paper will add to the literature of waqf management by going into the application of corporate waqf which seem to be a success in reforming Malaysia’s waqf system. An insight into the meaning of waqf, its characteristic, management structure and issues will also be laid down in this paper.
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