Papers by Dr. G. YOGANANDHAM
Degres Journal, 2025
The Indian Union Budget for 2025-26 presents a multifaceted strategy aimed at bolstering economic... more The Indian Union Budget for 2025-26 presents a multifaceted strategy aimed at bolstering economic growth, promoting social equity, ensuring sustainable development, fostering inclusive growth, and driving economic transformation. To stimulate economic expansion, the budget introduces significant personal income tax cuts, increasing the tax-exempt income threshold to ₹1.2 million, thereby enhancing middle-class consumption and savings. Additionally, a substantial allocation of ₹1.5 trillion is designated for interest-free loans to states for capital expenditure, underscoring the government's commitment to infrastructure development. In pursuit of social equity, the budget emphasizes rural prosperity through the 'Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana,' targeting productivity enhancement and crop diversification in 100 low-productivity districts. Moreover, the establishment of a scheme providing loans up to ₹20 million to first-time entrepreneurs from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women aims to uplift marginalized communities. Sustainable development is addressed through the launch of a Nuclear Energy Mission with an allocation of ₹20,000 crore for the development of small modular reactors, reflecting a strategic shift towards clean energy sources. The budget also proposes the National Manufacturing Mission, focusing on clean technology manufacturing to reduce dependency on imports and promote environmental sustainability. To ensure inclusive growth, the budget enhances the investment and turnover limits for MSME classification, facilitating greater access to capital and technology for small businesses. The introduction of Atal Tinkering Labs in government schools and Centers of Excellence for Skilling aims to equip the youth with necessary skills, thereby integrating them into the economic mainstream. Collectively, these initiatives signify a comprehensive approach towards economic transformation, balancing immediate consumption boosts with long-term investments in infrastructure, technology, and human capital, thereby setting a trajectory for holistic national development. In this background, this study explores pressing and timely concerns that are highly significant in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting their relevance in the modern global landscape.
Mukt Shabd Journal Volume XIV, Issue III, MARCH/2025 ISSN NO : 2347-3150, 2025
India's economic resilience is under growing scrutiny as it navigates financial instability drive... more India's economic resilience is under growing scrutiny as it navigates financial instability driven by rising debt, declining savings, and a persistent liquidity crunch. This study provides a theoretical assessment of India's capacity to sustain growth while managing these macroeconomic challenges. With government debt rising beyond sustainable thresholds and household savings witnessing a downward trend, the economy faces heightened risks to financial stability. Additionally, liquidity constraints in the banking and financial sectors pose significant challenges to credit flow, investment, and overall economic momentum. This paper explores key economic theories, including Keynesian and Monetarist perspectives, to understand the interplay between fiscal policy, monetary interventions, and private sector dynamics in addressing these issues. The analysis highlights the role of structural reforms, financial sector deepening, and prudent debt management in fostering longterm resilience. Furthermore, the study evaluates policy measures such as interest rate adjustments, targeted credit expansion, and fiscal discipline to balance short-term economic recovery with sustainable growth. By assessing historical data and comparative global experiences, this research underscores the importance of maintaining investor confidence, ensuring financial inclusion, and strengthening institutional mechanisms to mitigate systemic risks. The paper concludes that while India's economic fundamentals remain robust, proactive policy responses and structural adjustments are imperative to navigate the evolving financial landscape. Strengthening domestic savings, enhancing liquidity management, and fostering productive investments are crucial for India's long-term economic stability and sustainable development. This research paper explores pressing and relevant issues that are highly significant in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting their importance in the modern global landscape.
GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL VOLUME 12, ISSUE 2, 2025 ISSN NO : 1869-9391, 2025
India's financial sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by policy shifts, arti... more India's financial sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by policy shifts, artificial intelligence (AI) integration, and evolving financial stability challenges. This study provides an empirical assessment of trends, challenges, and opportunities shaping the sector. Key policy reforms, including regulatory adjustments, digital banking expansion, and financial inclusion initiatives, have redefined the banking and financial ecosystem. AI-driven innovations, such as algorithmic trading, fraud detection, and automated risk assessment, are enhancing operational efficiency but also raising concerns about cybersecurity and ethical implications.The sector faces challenges like rising cyber threats, regulatory gaps, and economic uncertainties, which impact investor confidence and banking resilience. However, opportunities exist in fintech expansion, digital payment innovations, and AIenabled risk management solutions. The study utilizes data-driven insights to evaluate the implications of policy measures and technological disruptions on financial stability. Findings indicate that while AI and policy reforms enhance financial inclusion and efficiency, robust regulatory frameworks are essential to mitigate systemic risks. This research contributes to understanding how India's financial sector can balance technological advancements with financial stability while fostering inclusive economic growth. The study also provides policy recommendations for ensuring resilience in the digital financial landscape. This research paper examines critical and timely issues that hold great relevance in today's fast-changing and interconnected world, emphasizing their importance in the contemporary global context.
Degres Journal Volume 10 Issue 2 2025 ISSN NO:0376-8163, 2025
India's economic trajectory from 2024 to 2026 is poised for significant transformation, influence... more India's economic trajectory from 2024 to 2026 is poised for significant transformation, influenced by strategic advancements in manufacturing, energy security, and employment. The manufacturing sector is expected to gain momentum under the government's push for Atmanirbhar Bharat, bolstering self-reliance and creating competitive advantages in global markets. With the Make in India initiative and evolving industrial policies, India aims to attract foreign investment, enhance production capabilities, and diversify its manufacturing output, particularly in high-tech sectors like electric vehicles, defense, and renewable energy technologies. In the energy sector, India faces the dual challenge of securing sustainable energy while meeting the growing demands of a large and diverse population. The government's focus on renewable energy expansion, such as solar, wind, and green hydrogen, alongside efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, will be pivotal in shaping energy security. This includes
Science, Technology and Development Volume XIV Issue II FEBRUARY 2025 ISSN : 0950-0707, 2025
Caste remains a central determinant of socioeconomic mobility, political representation, and iden... more Caste remains a central determinant of socioeconomic mobility, political representation, and identity in Tamil Nadu. This study explores the intersection of caste politics, social exclusion, and identity formation, with a particular focus on Dalit contestations, gender inequality, and poverty alleviation. Using an empirical framework, the research examines how economic, political, and social structures perpetuate systemic marginalization while also shaping resistance and empowerment strategies within Dalit communities. The study assesses the role of caste-based political movements, affirmative action policies, and grassroots mobilization in challenging exclusion and fostering political agency. It further investigates the gendered dimensions of caste oppression, analyzing how Dalit women navigate intersecting inequalities in education, employment, and public participation. Additionally, the research evaluates poverty alleviation efforts, including government welfare schemes, self-help groups, and alternative livelihood models, to determine their effectiveness in improving socioeconomic conditions. By integrating quantitative data with qualitative narratives, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolving nature of caste-based exclusion and identity politics in Tamil Nadu. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on social justice, inclusive development, and policy reforms aimed at dismantling caste hierarchies and promoting equitable economic opportunities. This research paper examines critical and urgent issues that are particularly relevant in today's fast-paced and interconnected world, emphasizing their importance in the current global context.
GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL, 2025
Caste-based politics in Tamil Nadu plays a pivotal role in shaping identity formation, social exc... more Caste-based politics in Tamil Nadu plays a pivotal role in shaping identity formation, social exclusion, and poverty alleviation efforts. This study empirically analyzes the economic impact of caste-based politics, focusing on its implications for social mobility, economic inequality, and political participation. While Tamil Nadu has witnessed significant socio-political movements aimed at caste-based upliftment, the persistence of caste discrimination and social conflict continues to shape economic opportunities and policy interventions. The research examines how castebased political mobilization influences access to public resources, reservations, and welfare schemes. It explores whether caste-centric political strategies contribute to economic empowerment or reinforce socioeconomic divisions. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the study assesses the effectiveness of caste-based policies in reducing poverty and enhancing economic equity. The role of political patronage, affirmative action, and grassroots movements in fostering or hindering economic progress is critically analyzed. Furthermore, the study evaluates the interplay between caste identity and economic opportunities, particularly in employment, education, and land ownership. The political economy of caste is scrutinized to understand the extent to which castebased politics perpetuates exclusion or facilitates inclusion. By drawing insights from historical trends and contemporary policies, this research seeks to contribute to a nuanced understanding of caste's economic impact in Tamil Nadu's socio-political landscape. Findings from this study provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers to develop inclusive strategies that mitigate caste-based economic disparities. The analysis highlights the need for a balanced approach that ensures equitable resource distribution while fostering social harmony and economic development beyond caste-based affiliations. This research paper explores pressing and crucial issues that are highly relevant in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting their significance in the current global landscape.
Mukt Shabd Journal Volume XIV, Issue I, JANUARY/2025 ISSN NO : 2347-3150, 2025
The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, with smar... more The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, with smart manufacturing being at the forefront of its transformation. Predictive maintenance, powered by AI, plays a pivotal role in maximizing economic gains and ensuring sustainability in manufacturing operations. This paper explores the
Science, Technology and Development Volume XIV Issue I JANUARY 2025 ISSN : 0950-0707, 2025
The economic impact of rising gold prices in India has become a pivotal concern, affecting not on... more The economic impact of rising gold prices in India has become a pivotal concern, affecting not only individual wealth but also broader macroeconomic stability. Gold, deeply integrated into Indian culture, is often viewed as a store of
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI:10.48047/intjecse/v17i1.26 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 17, Issue 01 2025, 2025
India's journey toward socioeconomic transformation has been significantly shaped by the intersec... more India's journey toward socioeconomic transformation has been significantly shaped by the intersection of welfare initiatives and technology. With a vast and diverse population, addressing social services, healthcare, and poverty reduction requires innovative approaches. This paper examines how welfare programs and technological advancements are transforming these critical domains, particularly in rural and underserved regions. Welfare initiatives in India, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Ayushman Bharat, and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, have aimed to alleviate poverty, enhance healthcare access, and improve the socioeconomic conditions of marginalized communities. These programs are increasingly leveraging digital platforms to ensure transparency, efficiency, and inclusivity. The integration of technology, such as biometric authentication, mobile banking, and e-governance, has reduced leakages, streamlined delivery, and improved beneficiary targeting. Telemedicine, mobile health apps, and digitized records, supported by the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), are improving healthcare access in rural areas. Technology is also driving poverty reduction by promoting financial inclusion through digital payments and mobile wallets. Additionally, skill development programs integrated with technology, such as e-learning platforms and online certification courses, are equipping individuals with market-relevant skills, boosting employability, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. However, challenges persist, including digital literacy gaps, infrastructure limitations, and disparities in technology adoption across regions and demographics. Addressing these hurdles is critical to ensuring equitable access and maximizing the impact of welfare initiatives. This paper highlights the transformative potential of welfare programs augmented by technology in reshaping India's social services, healthcare, and poverty alleviation landscape. By fostering collaboration among government agencies, private sectors, and civil society, and prioritizing digital inclusivity, India can build a resilient, equitable, and sustainable future for its citizens. This research paper examines critical issues that are both urgent and highly significant in today's fast-changing and interconnected world, emphasizing its clear relevance to the contemporary global context.
GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, 2025 ISSN NO : 1869-9391, 2025
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic and social impacts of youth crime ... more This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic and social impacts of youth crime and illicit wealth on development and law enforcement in Tamil Nadu, with a focus on the rising concerns of rowdyism, urban disorder, and socioeconomic and political crimes. The growing involvement of youth in criminal
Degres Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 2025 ISSN NO:0376-8163, 2025
Contemporary caste-based politics in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, has significantly influen... more Contemporary caste-based politics in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, has significantly influenced the reservation system across various sectors, including education, employment, and social structures. This empirical analysis explores the role of caste politics in shaping the reservation framework and its socioeconomic consequences in the state. Tamil Nadu has a long-standing history of caste-based mobilization, which has led to the establishment of a robust reservation system aimed at addressing historical inequalities and promoting social justice. However, castebased political dynamics continue to evolve, influencing policy decisions that govern the allocation of educational and employment opportunities. The study explores the impact of caste-based politics and the reservation system on education, employment, and social integration, highlighting its effects on social mobility, economic participation, and caste identities through surveys and interviews with key stakeholders. It examines both the benefits and challenges of the system in promoting inclusivity and addressing inequalities. Findings suggest that while reservations have contributed to greater representation and inclusivity, they have also led to debates regarding meritocracy, efficiency, and the socioeconomic implications for non-reserved categories. The study also explores the unintended consequences of caste-based politics, including the deepening of social divisions and the politicization of merit-based selection. Additionally, it examines the evolving role of political parties in shaping public opinion and policy regarding caste-based reservations, especially in light of changing socioeconomic realities. The paper calls for a balanced approach to the reservation system, emphasizing social justice and economic development, and advocates for ongoing dialogue among political, policymaker, and societal stakeholders. It offers policy recommendations to reform the system in Tamil Nadu, promoting inclusivity and social harmony. This research paper focuses on critical and highly important issues in today's fast-changing and interconnected world, emphasizing its significant relevance to the current global context.
Mukt Shabd Journal Volume XIV, Issue I, JANUARY/2025 ISSN NO : 2347-3150, 2025
The global financial crises of the past decade have underscored the vulnerability of economies, w... more The global financial crises of the past decade have underscored the vulnerability of economies, with India facing significant challenges in navigating fiscal and monetary policy in their aftermath. This paper examines the evolving role of fiscal and monetary policy, with a particular focus on taxation, public expenditure, and financing sustainable development in postcrisis India. Post-crisis India has had to balance economic recovery efforts with the need for long-term sustainability, requiring a nuanced approach to public finance that integrates fiscal prudence, equity, and environmental considerations. Taxation has emerged as a pivotal element in reshaping India's fiscal framework. The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has played a critical role in streamlining the tax structure, although challenges remain in achieving full compliance and mitigating revenue leakages. The paper examines the impact of tax reforms on government revenues, highlighting the importance of broadening the tax base, improving compliance, and addressing inefficiencies, while emphasizing fiscal consolidation and prioritizing public expenditure in key social sectors to stimulate growth and reduce inequalities. It also evaluates the role of subsidies and welfare programs in sustaining inclusive growth. The paper examines India's post-crisis financing of sustainable development through green finance, public-private partnerships, and monetary policy support for green projects. It also explores the balance between expansionary fiscal policies and accommodative monetary policies amid inflationary pressures and external shocks. India's postcrisis recovery hinges on recalibrating fiscal and monetary policies to promote sustainable growth. Emphasizing progressive taxation, efficient public spending, and sustainable financing will ensure resilience and long-term development. This research paper addresses critical and highly significant issues in today's fast-paced and interconnected world, emphasizing its strong relevance to the current global context.
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2024
This research explores the dimensions of innovativeness, skill development, competitive efficienc... more This research explores the dimensions of innovativeness, skill development, competitive efficiency, capacity for hard work, and entrepreneurial intentions among students of higher learning institutions in Tamil Nadu. In the context of a rapidly evolving job market and economic landscape, these attributes are critical in shaping the future workforce. The research aims to identify the factors that influence these traits and their interrelationships, contributing to a holistic understanding of student readiness for entrepreneurial and professional careers. Information was collected through a view of students across various disciplines in higher learning institutions, including engineering, management, and arts and sciences. The research employed valued performing to assess the levels of innovativeness and entrepreneurial intentions among students, along with soft insights to understand the underlying motivations and barriers. The accumulation indicate that innovativeness is significantly associated with exposure to practical learning experiences and a supportive academic environment. Skill development was found to be influenced by access to advanced training and mentorship, while competitive efficiency correlated with participation in extracurricular activities and internships. The capacity for hard work, though generally high, varied according to personal resilience and external support systems. Entrepreneurial intentions were notably higher among students who demonstrated a strong alignment between their skills and market needs, as well as those who had role models in entrepreneurship. However, challenges such as lack of financial resources, inadequate institutional support, and societal expectations were identified as major obstacles to entrepreneurial pursuits. The research suggests that educational institutions should incorporate entrepreneurship education, real-world problem-solving opportunities, and skill development support systems to equip students for competitive ventures and economic growth in Tamil Nadu.This research underscores the importance of a multidimensional approach to education that not only imparts knowledge but also cultivates the essential qualities needed for innovation and entrepreneurship in a dynamic global economy.
(UGC CARE Group I Listed Journal) Vol-15, Issue-01, No.02, January: 2025, 2025
This paper delves into the intricate interplay between caste dynamics and the political economy i... more This paper delves into the intricate interplay between caste dynamics and the political economy in Tamil Nadu, exploring how caste-based social conditions, historical discrimination, and struggles for equality have shaped the state's contemporary political landscape. Tamil Nadu has long been a site of intense caste-based activism, driven by movements like the Dravidian ideology, which advocates for social justice, equality, and the dismantling of caste hierarchies. While these movements have significantly impacted the socio-political fabric, caste-based discrimination continues to influence power structures, public policy, and economic opportunities. The study examines the persistence of caste as a critical determinant of social mobility, access to resources, and political representation in the state. It analyzes the role of affirmative action policies, such as reservations in education and employment, in addressing historical injustices, while highlighting their limitations in eradicating deep-seated social inequalities. Furthermore, the paper explores the political strategies employed by various caste-based parties and leaders in Tamil Nadu, focusing on how they navigate caste identities for electoral gain and the challenges they face in balancing caste-based solidarity with broader demands for economic development and social welfare. Through a socioeconomic lens, the paper also investigates the economic disparities perpetuated by caste and the role of caste in shaping the political economy of the state. It discusses the uneven distribution of economic resources and the barriers to upward mobility faced by marginalized communities. The paper concludes by reflecting on the ongoing struggles for equality, examining the evolving role of caste in Tamil Nadu's politics and its implications for social cohesion, justice, and economic development. In short, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the caste-political economy nexus in Tamil Nadu, shedding light on how caste remains a central axis of political struggle and economic inequality, even in the face of significant social and political reforms. This research paper examines crucial issues that are both urgent and significant in the context of today's fast-changing and interconnected world, emphasizing its strong relevance to the current global scenario.
Science, Technology and Development Volume XIV Issue I JANUARY 2025 ISSN : 0950-0707, 2025
This study aims to examine the revealed preferences of diabetes patients in Vellore District, Tam... more This study aims to examine the revealed preferences of diabetes patients in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, for Unani medicine over Allopathic medicine. As diabetes has emerged as a significant health issue in rural India, understanding the factors influencing patients' preferences for alternative treatments is crucial. This
GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, 2025 ISSN NO : 1869-9391, 2025
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected India’s employment
landscape, highlighting both cha... more The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected India’s employment
landscape, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for transformation in areas
such as youth employment, labor law reforms, skill development, and emerging
technologies. With the world's largest youth population, India has significant potential
to drive economic growth. However, youth unemployment, exacerbated by the
pandemic's economic disruptions, remains a critical issue. Structural challenges,
including a disconnect between educational outcomes and market demands, require
urgent action to enhance youth employability. Labor law reforms are crucial in this
context, as they need to adapt to changing economic conditions. India's recent efforts
to consolidate labor laws aim to create a more flexible yet secure employment
environment, balancing the rights of employers and workers to promote job creation
and labor protection.
Skill development is crucial for transforming employment, especially with
digitalization and automation. India's National Skill Development Mission aims to
bridge skills gap, but faces challenges in implementation, scale, and industry
alignment. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine
Learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming work and addressing skills
gaps. India can create agile learning platforms, personalized training, and remote
upskilling opportunities, enhancing youth employability and preparing the workforce
for a digital economy.
This study uses a descriptive and diagnostic approach with secondary data and
statistical analysis to explore key concepts, utilizing reliable sources to derive
insights, conclusions, and policy recommendations. An integrated approach with labor
law reforms, skill development, and technological innovation is essential to prepare
India's youth for future jobs, boosting resilience and global competitiveness. In light
of these aspects, the theme of this research paper holds great relevance in today’s
swiftly changing and interconnected world, as it addresses key socio-economic and
political concerns that are critical in the present global context.
Degres Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 2025 ISSN NO:0376-8163, 2025
Mastering economic and financial sources is pivotal for achieving long-term financial
stability a... more Mastering economic and financial sources is pivotal for achieving long-term financial
stability and independence. This concept encompasses key pillars such as budgeting, savings,
early investing, debt management, and the transformative power of financial planning. Budgeting
serves as the foundation for financial discipline, enabling individuals to allocate resources
effectively, prioritize needs over wants, and maintain control over expenditures. By tracking
income and expenses, budgeting fosters informed financial decisions and prevents overspending.
Savings, another cornerstone, builds a safety net for unforeseen circumstances, promotes
financial security, and provides a reservoir for future investments. Early investing is a strategic
approach to wealth creation, leveraging the power of compounding to maximize returns over
time. Starting investments early reduces the financial strain of achieving long-term goals and
capitalizes on market growth. Debt management, on the other hand, is critical for maintaining
creditworthiness and minimizing financial stress. Strategies such as consolidating high-interest
debts, timely repayments, and avoiding unnecessary borrowing ensure that debt remains
manageable.
Financial planning integrates these elements, empowering individuals to set realistic
goals, map out actionable strategies, and adapt to changing life circumstances. Through informed
planning, individuals can navigate life’s financial complexities, optimize resource allocation, and
safeguard their financial well-being. Moreover, financial planning enhances the ability to make
sound economic decisions, fostering resilience against economic uncertainties and ensuring
intergenerational wealth transfer. This framework underscores the importance of education and
awareness in mastering financial sources. By cultivating habits of saving, prudent spending, and
strategic investing, individuals can harness the power of financial planning to achieve both short-
term and long-term aspirations, ultimately contributing to personal prosperity and economic
stability. This research paper explores critical and timely topics in our fast-changing,
interconnected world, underscoring its profound relevance to the contemporary global context.
Science, Technology and Development Volume XIV Issue I JANUARY 2025 ISSN : 0950-0707, 2025
The leather industry in Tamil Nadu plays a significant role in the state's economy,
contributing ... more The leather industry in Tamil Nadu plays a significant role in the state's economy,
contributing substantially to employment, exports, and industrial output. However, this thriving
sector is not without its challenges, especially concerning its economic, environmental, and
social impacts. Economically, the leather industry has been a major driver of growth, particularly
in cities like Chennai and Ambur, providing livelihood to millions of workers. Despite this,
issues such as labor exploitation, low wages, and inadequate working conditions remain
prevalent, especially among workers in the informal sector. The leather industry's economic
potential is hindered by health risks and instability for workers, while environmental challenges
such as toxic chemical use, excessive water consumption, and improper waste management lead
to significant pollution. Tannery effluents, including heavy metals and dyes, contaminate local
water bodies, threatening ecosystems and communities. This environmental degradation raises
concerns about the industry's long-term sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Socially, while the leather industry provides employment to a large number of people,
including women and marginalized groups, it also perpetuates socio-economic inequalities.
Workers, especially in the tanning and finishing stages, face unsafe working conditions, long
hours, and exposure to harmful substances. Despite the industry's growth, the labor welfare
system is often underdeveloped, with limited access to health care, social security, and fair
wages. This paper examines the economic, environmental, and social challenges in Tamil Nadu's
leather industry, offering strategies to enhance labor welfare through sustainable practices and
strengthened labor rights protections. Recommendations aim to ensure equitable distribution of
the industry's benefits among all stakeholders. This research paper addresses important and
timely issues in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting its significant
relevance to the current global landscape.
The Indian Economic Journal, Journal of the Indian Economic Association, Vol. 1-A, Special Issue, December 2024, ISSN No. 0019-4662. , 2024
Indian agriculture, a cornerstone of the nation's economy, faces an array of challenges that hind... more Indian agriculture, a cornerstone of the nation's economy, faces an array of challenges that hinder its growth and sustainability. This study conducts a comprehensive economic assessment of agricultural innovations, evaluates prevailing challenges, and explores pathways to sustainable growth. Innovations in technology, such as precision farming, biotechnology, and digital agriculture, have the potential to significantly enhance productivity and resource efficiency. However, their adoption is often impeded by infrastructural deficiencies, limited access to credit, and a lack of awareness among farmers. Additionally, climate change poses a formidable threat, exacerbating water scarcity, altering crop yields, and increasing vulnerability to pests and diseases. The research highlights the urgent need for integrated policies that foster innovation while addressing these environmental challenges. Pathways to sustainable growth include promoting sustainable agricultural practices, enhancing access to technology and finance, and strengthening supply chains to ensure that farmers can receive fair prices for their produce.
Furthermore, the role of government initiatives, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and the Digital India program, is critically analyzed in the context of fostering an environment conducive to innovation and resilience. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including government bodies, private sector players, and farmers, to create a holistic approach to agricultural transformation. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights and actionable recommendations aimed at achieving sustainable growth in Indian agriculture, ensuring food security, and enhancing the livelihoods of millions of farmers across the country.This study employs a descriptive and diagnostic methodology, utilizing secondary data and statistical analysis, to explore the fundamental aspects of the topic and provide policy recommendations. In light of these factors, the theme of this research paper is highly relevant to today’s fast-changing, interconnected world, as it addresses significant socio-economic and political issues that are crucial in the contemporary global landscape.
Mukt Shabd Journal, 2024
The liberalization of India's economy has transformed the leather industry, particularly in
Tamil... more The liberalization of India's economy has transformed the leather industry, particularly in
Tamil Nadu, a major hub of leather production and export. This paper examines the critical role
of skill development in enhancing the welfare, sustainability, and economic resilience of leather
industry workers within the context of liberalization. The study explores how the evolving global
demands, coupled with domestic policy shifts, have impacted workers' livelihoods and the
industry's economic viability. The leather industry, while contributing significantly to
employment and export revenue, faces challenges such as environmental concerns, labor
exploitation, and skill gaps. Workers, primarily from marginalized communities, often lack
access to adequate training, social security, and opportunities for upward mobility.
Liberalization, with its emphasis on efficiency and competitiveness, has heightened these
challenges, making skill development imperative. This paper highlights how targeted skill
development initiatives can bridge existing gaps, equipping workers with technical expertise,
environmental awareness, and adaptability to modern production practices. By fostering
sustainable practices and enhancing workers' capabilities, such programs not only improve
individual welfare but also contribute to the industry's long-term growth and global
competitiveness. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for inclusive policies that align
with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing gender equity, environmental
sustainability, and economic resilience. Case studies of successful interventions, such as public-
private partnerships and government-led initiatives, are examined to provide actionable insights.
In short, skill development emerges as a pivotal strategy for navigating the complexities of
liberalization, ensuring that the leather industry's growth translates into equitable and sustainable
progress for its workforce. This approach can serve as a model for other sectors grappling with
the dual challenges of globalization and socio-economic disparities. This research paper delves
into important and timely issues in our rapidly evolving, interconnected world, highlighting its
significant relevance to the current global landscape.
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Papers by Dr. G. YOGANANDHAM
landscape, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for transformation in areas
such as youth employment, labor law reforms, skill development, and emerging
technologies. With the world's largest youth population, India has significant potential
to drive economic growth. However, youth unemployment, exacerbated by the
pandemic's economic disruptions, remains a critical issue. Structural challenges,
including a disconnect between educational outcomes and market demands, require
urgent action to enhance youth employability. Labor law reforms are crucial in this
context, as they need to adapt to changing economic conditions. India's recent efforts
to consolidate labor laws aim to create a more flexible yet secure employment
environment, balancing the rights of employers and workers to promote job creation
and labor protection.
Skill development is crucial for transforming employment, especially with
digitalization and automation. India's National Skill Development Mission aims to
bridge skills gap, but faces challenges in implementation, scale, and industry
alignment. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine
Learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming work and addressing skills
gaps. India can create agile learning platforms, personalized training, and remote
upskilling opportunities, enhancing youth employability and preparing the workforce
for a digital economy.
This study uses a descriptive and diagnostic approach with secondary data and
statistical analysis to explore key concepts, utilizing reliable sources to derive
insights, conclusions, and policy recommendations. An integrated approach with labor
law reforms, skill development, and technological innovation is essential to prepare
India's youth for future jobs, boosting resilience and global competitiveness. In light
of these aspects, the theme of this research paper holds great relevance in today’s
swiftly changing and interconnected world, as it addresses key socio-economic and
political concerns that are critical in the present global context.
stability and independence. This concept encompasses key pillars such as budgeting, savings,
early investing, debt management, and the transformative power of financial planning. Budgeting
serves as the foundation for financial discipline, enabling individuals to allocate resources
effectively, prioritize needs over wants, and maintain control over expenditures. By tracking
income and expenses, budgeting fosters informed financial decisions and prevents overspending.
Savings, another cornerstone, builds a safety net for unforeseen circumstances, promotes
financial security, and provides a reservoir for future investments. Early investing is a strategic
approach to wealth creation, leveraging the power of compounding to maximize returns over
time. Starting investments early reduces the financial strain of achieving long-term goals and
capitalizes on market growth. Debt management, on the other hand, is critical for maintaining
creditworthiness and minimizing financial stress. Strategies such as consolidating high-interest
debts, timely repayments, and avoiding unnecessary borrowing ensure that debt remains
manageable.
Financial planning integrates these elements, empowering individuals to set realistic
goals, map out actionable strategies, and adapt to changing life circumstances. Through informed
planning, individuals can navigate life’s financial complexities, optimize resource allocation, and
safeguard their financial well-being. Moreover, financial planning enhances the ability to make
sound economic decisions, fostering resilience against economic uncertainties and ensuring
intergenerational wealth transfer. This framework underscores the importance of education and
awareness in mastering financial sources. By cultivating habits of saving, prudent spending, and
strategic investing, individuals can harness the power of financial planning to achieve both short-
term and long-term aspirations, ultimately contributing to personal prosperity and economic
stability. This research paper explores critical and timely topics in our fast-changing,
interconnected world, underscoring its profound relevance to the contemporary global context.
contributing substantially to employment, exports, and industrial output. However, this thriving
sector is not without its challenges, especially concerning its economic, environmental, and
social impacts. Economically, the leather industry has been a major driver of growth, particularly
in cities like Chennai and Ambur, providing livelihood to millions of workers. Despite this,
issues such as labor exploitation, low wages, and inadequate working conditions remain
prevalent, especially among workers in the informal sector. The leather industry's economic
potential is hindered by health risks and instability for workers, while environmental challenges
such as toxic chemical use, excessive water consumption, and improper waste management lead
to significant pollution. Tannery effluents, including heavy metals and dyes, contaminate local
water bodies, threatening ecosystems and communities. This environmental degradation raises
concerns about the industry's long-term sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Socially, while the leather industry provides employment to a large number of people,
including women and marginalized groups, it also perpetuates socio-economic inequalities.
Workers, especially in the tanning and finishing stages, face unsafe working conditions, long
hours, and exposure to harmful substances. Despite the industry's growth, the labor welfare
system is often underdeveloped, with limited access to health care, social security, and fair
wages. This paper examines the economic, environmental, and social challenges in Tamil Nadu's
leather industry, offering strategies to enhance labor welfare through sustainable practices and
strengthened labor rights protections. Recommendations aim to ensure equitable distribution of
the industry's benefits among all stakeholders. This research paper addresses important and
timely issues in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting its significant
relevance to the current global landscape.
Furthermore, the role of government initiatives, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and the Digital India program, is critically analyzed in the context of fostering an environment conducive to innovation and resilience. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including government bodies, private sector players, and farmers, to create a holistic approach to agricultural transformation. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights and actionable recommendations aimed at achieving sustainable growth in Indian agriculture, ensuring food security, and enhancing the livelihoods of millions of farmers across the country.This study employs a descriptive and diagnostic methodology, utilizing secondary data and statistical analysis, to explore the fundamental aspects of the topic and provide policy recommendations. In light of these factors, the theme of this research paper is highly relevant to today’s fast-changing, interconnected world, as it addresses significant socio-economic and political issues that are crucial in the contemporary global landscape.
Tamil Nadu, a major hub of leather production and export. This paper examines the critical role
of skill development in enhancing the welfare, sustainability, and economic resilience of leather
industry workers within the context of liberalization. The study explores how the evolving global
demands, coupled with domestic policy shifts, have impacted workers' livelihoods and the
industry's economic viability. The leather industry, while contributing significantly to
employment and export revenue, faces challenges such as environmental concerns, labor
exploitation, and skill gaps. Workers, primarily from marginalized communities, often lack
access to adequate training, social security, and opportunities for upward mobility.
Liberalization, with its emphasis on efficiency and competitiveness, has heightened these
challenges, making skill development imperative. This paper highlights how targeted skill
development initiatives can bridge existing gaps, equipping workers with technical expertise,
environmental awareness, and adaptability to modern production practices. By fostering
sustainable practices and enhancing workers' capabilities, such programs not only improve
individual welfare but also contribute to the industry's long-term growth and global
competitiveness. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for inclusive policies that align
with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing gender equity, environmental
sustainability, and economic resilience. Case studies of successful interventions, such as public-
private partnerships and government-led initiatives, are examined to provide actionable insights.
In short, skill development emerges as a pivotal strategy for navigating the complexities of
liberalization, ensuring that the leather industry's growth translates into equitable and sustainable
progress for its workforce. This approach can serve as a model for other sectors grappling with
the dual challenges of globalization and socio-economic disparities. This research paper delves
into important and timely issues in our rapidly evolving, interconnected world, highlighting its
significant relevance to the current global landscape.
landscape, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for transformation in areas
such as youth employment, labor law reforms, skill development, and emerging
technologies. With the world's largest youth population, India has significant potential
to drive economic growth. However, youth unemployment, exacerbated by the
pandemic's economic disruptions, remains a critical issue. Structural challenges,
including a disconnect between educational outcomes and market demands, require
urgent action to enhance youth employability. Labor law reforms are crucial in this
context, as they need to adapt to changing economic conditions. India's recent efforts
to consolidate labor laws aim to create a more flexible yet secure employment
environment, balancing the rights of employers and workers to promote job creation
and labor protection.
Skill development is crucial for transforming employment, especially with
digitalization and automation. India's National Skill Development Mission aims to
bridge skills gap, but faces challenges in implementation, scale, and industry
alignment. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine
Learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming work and addressing skills
gaps. India can create agile learning platforms, personalized training, and remote
upskilling opportunities, enhancing youth employability and preparing the workforce
for a digital economy.
This study uses a descriptive and diagnostic approach with secondary data and
statistical analysis to explore key concepts, utilizing reliable sources to derive
insights, conclusions, and policy recommendations. An integrated approach with labor
law reforms, skill development, and technological innovation is essential to prepare
India's youth for future jobs, boosting resilience and global competitiveness. In light
of these aspects, the theme of this research paper holds great relevance in today’s
swiftly changing and interconnected world, as it addresses key socio-economic and
political concerns that are critical in the present global context.
stability and independence. This concept encompasses key pillars such as budgeting, savings,
early investing, debt management, and the transformative power of financial planning. Budgeting
serves as the foundation for financial discipline, enabling individuals to allocate resources
effectively, prioritize needs over wants, and maintain control over expenditures. By tracking
income and expenses, budgeting fosters informed financial decisions and prevents overspending.
Savings, another cornerstone, builds a safety net for unforeseen circumstances, promotes
financial security, and provides a reservoir for future investments. Early investing is a strategic
approach to wealth creation, leveraging the power of compounding to maximize returns over
time. Starting investments early reduces the financial strain of achieving long-term goals and
capitalizes on market growth. Debt management, on the other hand, is critical for maintaining
creditworthiness and minimizing financial stress. Strategies such as consolidating high-interest
debts, timely repayments, and avoiding unnecessary borrowing ensure that debt remains
manageable.
Financial planning integrates these elements, empowering individuals to set realistic
goals, map out actionable strategies, and adapt to changing life circumstances. Through informed
planning, individuals can navigate life’s financial complexities, optimize resource allocation, and
safeguard their financial well-being. Moreover, financial planning enhances the ability to make
sound economic decisions, fostering resilience against economic uncertainties and ensuring
intergenerational wealth transfer. This framework underscores the importance of education and
awareness in mastering financial sources. By cultivating habits of saving, prudent spending, and
strategic investing, individuals can harness the power of financial planning to achieve both short-
term and long-term aspirations, ultimately contributing to personal prosperity and economic
stability. This research paper explores critical and timely topics in our fast-changing,
interconnected world, underscoring its profound relevance to the contemporary global context.
contributing substantially to employment, exports, and industrial output. However, this thriving
sector is not without its challenges, especially concerning its economic, environmental, and
social impacts. Economically, the leather industry has been a major driver of growth, particularly
in cities like Chennai and Ambur, providing livelihood to millions of workers. Despite this,
issues such as labor exploitation, low wages, and inadequate working conditions remain
prevalent, especially among workers in the informal sector. The leather industry's economic
potential is hindered by health risks and instability for workers, while environmental challenges
such as toxic chemical use, excessive water consumption, and improper waste management lead
to significant pollution. Tannery effluents, including heavy metals and dyes, contaminate local
water bodies, threatening ecosystems and communities. This environmental degradation raises
concerns about the industry's long-term sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Socially, while the leather industry provides employment to a large number of people,
including women and marginalized groups, it also perpetuates socio-economic inequalities.
Workers, especially in the tanning and finishing stages, face unsafe working conditions, long
hours, and exposure to harmful substances. Despite the industry's growth, the labor welfare
system is often underdeveloped, with limited access to health care, social security, and fair
wages. This paper examines the economic, environmental, and social challenges in Tamil Nadu's
leather industry, offering strategies to enhance labor welfare through sustainable practices and
strengthened labor rights protections. Recommendations aim to ensure equitable distribution of
the industry's benefits among all stakeholders. This research paper addresses important and
timely issues in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting its significant
relevance to the current global landscape.
Furthermore, the role of government initiatives, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and the Digital India program, is critically analyzed in the context of fostering an environment conducive to innovation and resilience. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including government bodies, private sector players, and farmers, to create a holistic approach to agricultural transformation. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights and actionable recommendations aimed at achieving sustainable growth in Indian agriculture, ensuring food security, and enhancing the livelihoods of millions of farmers across the country.This study employs a descriptive and diagnostic methodology, utilizing secondary data and statistical analysis, to explore the fundamental aspects of the topic and provide policy recommendations. In light of these factors, the theme of this research paper is highly relevant to today’s fast-changing, interconnected world, as it addresses significant socio-economic and political issues that are crucial in the contemporary global landscape.
Tamil Nadu, a major hub of leather production and export. This paper examines the critical role
of skill development in enhancing the welfare, sustainability, and economic resilience of leather
industry workers within the context of liberalization. The study explores how the evolving global
demands, coupled with domestic policy shifts, have impacted workers' livelihoods and the
industry's economic viability. The leather industry, while contributing significantly to
employment and export revenue, faces challenges such as environmental concerns, labor
exploitation, and skill gaps. Workers, primarily from marginalized communities, often lack
access to adequate training, social security, and opportunities for upward mobility.
Liberalization, with its emphasis on efficiency and competitiveness, has heightened these
challenges, making skill development imperative. This paper highlights how targeted skill
development initiatives can bridge existing gaps, equipping workers with technical expertise,
environmental awareness, and adaptability to modern production practices. By fostering
sustainable practices and enhancing workers' capabilities, such programs not only improve
individual welfare but also contribute to the industry's long-term growth and global
competitiveness. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for inclusive policies that align
with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing gender equity, environmental
sustainability, and economic resilience. Case studies of successful interventions, such as public-
private partnerships and government-led initiatives, are examined to provide actionable insights.
In short, skill development emerges as a pivotal strategy for navigating the complexities of
liberalization, ensuring that the leather industry's growth translates into equitable and sustainable
progress for its workforce. This approach can serve as a model for other sectors grappling with
the dual challenges of globalization and socio-economic disparities. This research paper delves
into important and timely issues in our rapidly evolving, interconnected world, highlighting its
significant relevance to the current global landscape.