Wooded grasslands have always played an important role in rural life with changing issues: They a... more Wooded grasslands have always played an important role in rural life with changing issues: They are of high importance for questions of biodiversity, soil, and water resources and in preserving agricultural heritage, but their maintenance is labor intensive. Abandoned wooded grasslands undergo succession, and food production alone does not support their survival. They require special attention
Intensive agricultural production caused serious decrease of ground squirrel population and habit... more Intensive agricultural production caused serious decrease of ground squirrel population and habitat. Small populations retreated to the remaining grassy areas, sometimes to abandoned airfields. The species became protected in 1982 in Hungary. Efforts were made and research started to save the species. 290 individuals were re-introduced in the Pusztaszer Landscape Protection District, Hungary. Site using preferences were examined under different grass management methods and soil conditions. In the present work we wish to give an overview of the site selection preference based on pedological examination of the area. The population has chosen mainly Chernozem soil to prepare their underground living space and avoided lower laying, and extremely compacted salic soil types. Introduction The ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is 22-24 cm long with a 7 cm tail. The fast animal has big eyes, small ears, and yellowish brown color with light spots on its back. Its belly is rusty brown, t...
The Sósi Creek is situated approx. 48km from Budapest, Hungary. The watershed is in connection wi... more The Sósi Creek is situated approx. 48km from Budapest, Hungary. The watershed is in connection with 3 settlements: Gödöllő, Galgahévíz and Hévízgyörk. The average yearly temperature is 10.6°C, average yearly precipitation is 520-550mm. 70.1% of the area is arable land. The aim and the main result of the study was to run the model with various input data to prepare a user's manual for local farmers to find the most appropriate, soil conservation sound method for agricultural production. All input parameters are site specific.
Pedology plays an important role in grass management processes. Investigation of basic soil chara... more Pedology plays an important role in grass management processes. Investigation of basic soil characteristics is inevitable for establishing and for normal operation of a grazing land. Soil is considered as a solid, non-changing, always available portion of natural resources, its sensitivity and sustainability is not taken into account, otherwise it should not be degraded at the present scale all over the world. Hungary is rich in soil resources thus its protection should have had priority in the past and also, we should take better care for its quality and especially for its quantity, since it is considered to be a non-renewable resource, at the scale of human lifetime. The heterogeneity of the soil characteristics is the basis of diverse landscape and gives possibility of a diverse land use that is playing a strong formative factor in rural life and economical viability of rural population, too. Researches on a borderline between pedology and botany, pedology and geology, pedology a...
Global economical crisis force all farmers to increase cost effectiveness on their farms. Soil lo... more Global economical crisis force all farmers to increase cost effectiveness on their farms. Soil loss calculations provide important information because losing soil means losing nutrients that is expensive not only to buy but also to spread and work into the soil. The examined area has a loessy sand parent material. Intensive arable farming, high compaction and small infiltration rate resulted high erodibility. WEPP and USLE model were chosen to be used to provide information from various sources and also to compare the efficiency of the models on a slope of an intensive arable farmland. The results show that on the upper and middle slope sections WEPP calculates more soil loss than USLE while at the bottom of the slopes WEPP calculates much more than USLE. On-site investigations proved that the lower part of the slope is sedimented, so USLE is closer to reality at the bottom of the slope.
The Paros Island (Cyclades Islands, Aegean Sea, Greece) is characterized by a Mediterranean type ... more The Paros Island (Cyclades Islands, Aegean Sea, Greece) is characterized by a Mediterranean type of climate, while the Tihany Peninsula (Trans Danubian Middle Range Mountains, Lake Balaton, Hungary) is characterized by a Sub-Mediterranean type of climate. The Paros Island has abrupt rainfalls and lower temperatures during winters and long term sunshine accompanied by dry periods during the summer. The situation is similar in the Tihany Peninsula, except that there is snowfall in the winter and very intensive but short rainfalls in the summertime. These circumstances constitute a tough environment for the land. The low or sparse vegetation and steep slopes of the investigated areas leaves the ground exposed and very vulnerable to erosion. The recent change to the activities of the local people from agricultural to touristic ones and especially the abandonment of the agricultural terraces during the last 50 years has influenced the soil cover of the island, leading to total soil loss ...
Water erosion is a natural process and occurs on almost every open-air field. In, close-to-natura... more Water erosion is a natural process and occurs on almost every open-air field. In, close-to-natural conditions soil degradation and soil formation reaches its climax, reflecting the environmental factors of a certain area. In case we start agricultural production, forest and pasture or meadow management on an area, the threat of accelerated soil erosion occurs, thus the rate of soil degradation will exceed the rate of soil formation. In our study we have chosen slopes with pairs of contrasting land use (e.g. arable land with forest or arable land with meadow or meadow with forest etc.) where the slope length and angle are similar under the different land use types. For methods we chose the methodology of the Hungarian Soil Information Monitoring Sy stem and took soil samples from the upper and from the lower third of the slopes in order to compare the soil properties on these slope tierces. We performed laboratory measurements of basic soil parameters (e.g. pH [H 2 O and KCl], SOM, P...
Studied area is the Putnok Hills microregion in the Northern Hungarian Mountains. Natural conditi... more Studied area is the Putnok Hills microregion in the Northern Hungarian Mountains. Natural conditions of the area are beneficial for forestry, pasture management and crop cultivation. Traditional, sustainable land use methods occurring in the area are observed on the basis of the habitats that were maintained in a close-to-natural state and floristical data unique for a bigger area. Besides biological and landscape diversity, adequate cultivation structure is important also in favour of preserving soil fertility and avoiding erosion. Arable lands currently realize an average of 10 percent, determinant part of the territory (above 80 percent) refer to natural or close-to-natural conditions. Pedological and botanical, coenological investigations were made around Alsószuha, Dövény, Gömörszőlős and Zádorfalva villages, completed with laboratory analyses of nutrients, giving opportunity for comparing pedological relations and erosion of natural and ploughed areas. Arable lands can often b...
Particle size distribution is one of the most influential factors of most soil physical and even ... more Particle size distribution is one of the most influential factors of most soil physical and even some soil chemical characteristics. As modern measurement techniques are being introduced, the need for comparing new methods with older methodologies arises because comparability means data continuity. Here, three institutes conducted a comparison of particle size measurement among the laser, areometer and pipette techniques. The purpose of the comparison was to a) discover any differences among operators, laboratories, and techniques; b) identify if there were any differences and if they could be linked to soil type (e.g. high clay, loam, or sand content) or particle size range; and c) understand if the laser diffraction method gave results that were significantly larger than the other methods of any size fraction. There was no statistically proven difference between the two operators examined based on the pipette method's result. The comparison of two of the institutes' pipett...
The ancient plant communities of the area between the rivers Körös and Maros were the loess grass... more The ancient plant communities of the area between the rivers Körös and Maros were the loess grasslands with small patches of plain boscages and groves of maples and oaks. As the grasslands were converted into plough lands, the excellent quality of the grassland soils decreased, thus the original vegetation has disappeared. Nowadays the valuable species of the former loessy grasslands can only be seen on smaller patches on Cuman hows and confines. The Tatársánc native grassland is such a relict that has survived on the faint patch of a several thousand years old earthen motte. These relict areas give an excellent possibility to study their soils, vegetation and land use in general in order to reveal ancient environment of the plain because they are the most virgin areas of the Hungarian lowland areas. In the present paper we focus on soil erosion research. Soil core sampling and soil laboratory examinations were done to find the signs of soil and nutrient loss over the slope of the T...
In the 19th century, in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary has always been referred to as t... more In the 19th century, in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary has always been referred to as the food chamber. The reason for this is the huge areas having high agricultural potentials. Nowadays, 2/3 of the country’s present area is good for agricultural production and 50 % is good for arable farming. The present study intend to present the state of soil carbon on some arable lands where it is lost due to unfavorable management and to present its state where it is protected in undisturbed, natural or semi-natural spots. Soil carbon was measured on various sloping areas of Hungary. The amount of loss through erosion is calculated with soil erosion models. Shallow drillings, up to 3 meters have been made where soil organic matter has been measured in order to present the amount of buried – and thus lost for agricultural production etc. – material. The above methodologies have been applied to areas with different agricultural management types. This allow us to show the differences a...
There are a growing number of physically based soil erosion models and their use is increasing ra... more There are a growing number of physically based soil erosion models and their use is increasing rapidly as well. Meanwhile, as the input need of physical models is much larger than those of the empirical models, any research investigating the punctuality of factors affecting the final outputs of the model are valuable. In the present case we did soil particle size measurements in different institutions (Debrecen and Szeged University and Geographical Institute) with different methodologies (laser, aerometer and pipette methods) on different soil materials (sandy, loamy and clayey). Results of measuring particle size fractions were used for calculating the soil erodibility factor, using the USLE methodology: 8 soils were examined and statistical analyses found significant differences among the particle size measurements. The purpose of the paper is to find out whether these significant differences in particle size measurements were causing significant differences in soil erodibility c...
A szántóföldi művelés meredek lejtőkön jelentősen gyorsítja az eróziót. A lehordódott feltalaj a ... more A szántóföldi művelés meredek lejtőkön jelentősen gyorsítja az eróziót. A lehordódott feltalaj a tábla aljában akár több méter vastag humuszos réteget hozva létre halmozódik fel. Az erózió szelektivitása és az eltemetett rétegekben lezajló folyamatok miatt a szedimentálódott rétegek jelentősen különbözhetnek az eredeti művelt réteg tulajdonságaitól. Egy külső-somogyi szántó lejtőhordalék szelvényét mintáztuk, a mintákból meghatároztuk a szemcseösszetételt a szervesanyag-tartalmat, szénsavasmész-tartalmat és a humuszminőséget. Ezen értékeket egymáshoz és a terület kevésbé erodált referencia szelvényének értékeihez hasonlítva becsültük az erodált és eltemetett rétegekben lejátszódó stabilizációs, mineralizációs és vándorlási folyamatok intenzitását. A mintegy 3 m mély szelvény eltemetett rétegeinek szemcseösszetételében tapasztalt változások nem egyértelműek. A szervesszén-tartalom a felszíntől távolodva fokozatosan csökken, a humuszösszetétel nem változik, azaz az eltemetődött humusz...
In this study we focused on the factors aff ecting fi nal outputs of the USLE (Universal Soil Los... more In this study we focused on the factors aff ecting fi nal outputs of the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. In doing so, we conducted soil particle size measurements in diff erent institutions (University of Debrecen, University of Szeged and Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) with a variety of methodologies (laser, aerometer and pipett e methods) on various soil materials (sandy, loamy and clay). Statistical analyses of the eight examined soil samples have been shown some signifi cant and some non-signifi cant diff erences among the particle size measurements. This paper is aimed at i) to ascertain whether these signifi cant diff erences in particle size measurements cause signifi cant diff erences in soil erodibility calculations; and ii) to assess the amount of soil loss calculated by these K factors. The results suggest that regardless of the relatively small percentage between the smallest and the greatest K factor values, the amount of soil loss can be fairly high, especially when erosion occurs on a longer or steeper slope. In the present case, when we compare simulations results, the amount of soil loss is more important than the diff erence in percentage between the minimum and maximum values. Because the percentage of the diff erence can remain the same between the simulations, while the amount of soil loss increases way beyond soil loss tolerance limits.
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) plays a key role in the life of rural hunting enter... more Roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) plays a key role in the life of rural hunting enterprises. There are numerous factors affecting antler quality and they can be examined from different scientific ap-proaches. In the present work we searched for relation among a nationwide digital soil database and a digital nationwide antler database. Researches in this field are concentrating on quantitative measures of soil fertili-ty, on general differences among regional soil conditions. The results were obtained by completing a spatial analysis of the national digital soil map (Agrotopography Map of Hungary, mapping scale of 1:100,000) and roe deer antler weight information maps covering the whole area of Hungary. Based on our results we can state that it was possible to show the effects of soil physical parameters on antler weights. As the result of using the General Linear Model soil physical parameters are explaining 42.5% of the variance of antler we ight (F 68,1133 = 12.316, p ...
T he following glossary of terms related to the European agricultural landscape shall serve as a ... more T he following glossary of terms related to the European agricultural landscape shall serve as a common basis for all parties, working in or on agricultural landscapes. Some of the terms are quite common and sometimes used in our every day language, but they often have different meanings in particular countries. These differences may be a result of varying linguistic developments, history and traditions. The glossary contains 40 terms in seven languages; English, Dutch, Estonian, French, German, Hungarian, and Spanish. Each term begins with an English definition, illustrated by a photograph. If there are differences in meanings and connotations of single countries, they are mentioned in the designated country’s column. This work is to be continued.
Wooded grasslands have always played an important role in rural life with changing issues: They a... more Wooded grasslands have always played an important role in rural life with changing issues: They are of high importance for questions of biodiversity, soil, and water resources and in preserving agricultural heritage, but their maintenance is labor intensive. Abandoned wooded grasslands undergo succession, and food production alone does not support their survival. They require special attention
Intensive agricultural production caused serious decrease of ground squirrel population and habit... more Intensive agricultural production caused serious decrease of ground squirrel population and habitat. Small populations retreated to the remaining grassy areas, sometimes to abandoned airfields. The species became protected in 1982 in Hungary. Efforts were made and research started to save the species. 290 individuals were re-introduced in the Pusztaszer Landscape Protection District, Hungary. Site using preferences were examined under different grass management methods and soil conditions. In the present work we wish to give an overview of the site selection preference based on pedological examination of the area. The population has chosen mainly Chernozem soil to prepare their underground living space and avoided lower laying, and extremely compacted salic soil types. Introduction The ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is 22-24 cm long with a 7 cm tail. The fast animal has big eyes, small ears, and yellowish brown color with light spots on its back. Its belly is rusty brown, t...
The Sósi Creek is situated approx. 48km from Budapest, Hungary. The watershed is in connection wi... more The Sósi Creek is situated approx. 48km from Budapest, Hungary. The watershed is in connection with 3 settlements: Gödöllő, Galgahévíz and Hévízgyörk. The average yearly temperature is 10.6°C, average yearly precipitation is 520-550mm. 70.1% of the area is arable land. The aim and the main result of the study was to run the model with various input data to prepare a user's manual for local farmers to find the most appropriate, soil conservation sound method for agricultural production. All input parameters are site specific.
Pedology plays an important role in grass management processes. Investigation of basic soil chara... more Pedology plays an important role in grass management processes. Investigation of basic soil characteristics is inevitable for establishing and for normal operation of a grazing land. Soil is considered as a solid, non-changing, always available portion of natural resources, its sensitivity and sustainability is not taken into account, otherwise it should not be degraded at the present scale all over the world. Hungary is rich in soil resources thus its protection should have had priority in the past and also, we should take better care for its quality and especially for its quantity, since it is considered to be a non-renewable resource, at the scale of human lifetime. The heterogeneity of the soil characteristics is the basis of diverse landscape and gives possibility of a diverse land use that is playing a strong formative factor in rural life and economical viability of rural population, too. Researches on a borderline between pedology and botany, pedology and geology, pedology a...
Global economical crisis force all farmers to increase cost effectiveness on their farms. Soil lo... more Global economical crisis force all farmers to increase cost effectiveness on their farms. Soil loss calculations provide important information because losing soil means losing nutrients that is expensive not only to buy but also to spread and work into the soil. The examined area has a loessy sand parent material. Intensive arable farming, high compaction and small infiltration rate resulted high erodibility. WEPP and USLE model were chosen to be used to provide information from various sources and also to compare the efficiency of the models on a slope of an intensive arable farmland. The results show that on the upper and middle slope sections WEPP calculates more soil loss than USLE while at the bottom of the slopes WEPP calculates much more than USLE. On-site investigations proved that the lower part of the slope is sedimented, so USLE is closer to reality at the bottom of the slope.
The Paros Island (Cyclades Islands, Aegean Sea, Greece) is characterized by a Mediterranean type ... more The Paros Island (Cyclades Islands, Aegean Sea, Greece) is characterized by a Mediterranean type of climate, while the Tihany Peninsula (Trans Danubian Middle Range Mountains, Lake Balaton, Hungary) is characterized by a Sub-Mediterranean type of climate. The Paros Island has abrupt rainfalls and lower temperatures during winters and long term sunshine accompanied by dry periods during the summer. The situation is similar in the Tihany Peninsula, except that there is snowfall in the winter and very intensive but short rainfalls in the summertime. These circumstances constitute a tough environment for the land. The low or sparse vegetation and steep slopes of the investigated areas leaves the ground exposed and very vulnerable to erosion. The recent change to the activities of the local people from agricultural to touristic ones and especially the abandonment of the agricultural terraces during the last 50 years has influenced the soil cover of the island, leading to total soil loss ...
Water erosion is a natural process and occurs on almost every open-air field. In, close-to-natura... more Water erosion is a natural process and occurs on almost every open-air field. In, close-to-natural conditions soil degradation and soil formation reaches its climax, reflecting the environmental factors of a certain area. In case we start agricultural production, forest and pasture or meadow management on an area, the threat of accelerated soil erosion occurs, thus the rate of soil degradation will exceed the rate of soil formation. In our study we have chosen slopes with pairs of contrasting land use (e.g. arable land with forest or arable land with meadow or meadow with forest etc.) where the slope length and angle are similar under the different land use types. For methods we chose the methodology of the Hungarian Soil Information Monitoring Sy stem and took soil samples from the upper and from the lower third of the slopes in order to compare the soil properties on these slope tierces. We performed laboratory measurements of basic soil parameters (e.g. pH [H 2 O and KCl], SOM, P...
Studied area is the Putnok Hills microregion in the Northern Hungarian Mountains. Natural conditi... more Studied area is the Putnok Hills microregion in the Northern Hungarian Mountains. Natural conditions of the area are beneficial for forestry, pasture management and crop cultivation. Traditional, sustainable land use methods occurring in the area are observed on the basis of the habitats that were maintained in a close-to-natural state and floristical data unique for a bigger area. Besides biological and landscape diversity, adequate cultivation structure is important also in favour of preserving soil fertility and avoiding erosion. Arable lands currently realize an average of 10 percent, determinant part of the territory (above 80 percent) refer to natural or close-to-natural conditions. Pedological and botanical, coenological investigations were made around Alsószuha, Dövény, Gömörszőlős and Zádorfalva villages, completed with laboratory analyses of nutrients, giving opportunity for comparing pedological relations and erosion of natural and ploughed areas. Arable lands can often b...
Particle size distribution is one of the most influential factors of most soil physical and even ... more Particle size distribution is one of the most influential factors of most soil physical and even some soil chemical characteristics. As modern measurement techniques are being introduced, the need for comparing new methods with older methodologies arises because comparability means data continuity. Here, three institutes conducted a comparison of particle size measurement among the laser, areometer and pipette techniques. The purpose of the comparison was to a) discover any differences among operators, laboratories, and techniques; b) identify if there were any differences and if they could be linked to soil type (e.g. high clay, loam, or sand content) or particle size range; and c) understand if the laser diffraction method gave results that were significantly larger than the other methods of any size fraction. There was no statistically proven difference between the two operators examined based on the pipette method's result. The comparison of two of the institutes' pipett...
The ancient plant communities of the area between the rivers Körös and Maros were the loess grass... more The ancient plant communities of the area between the rivers Körös and Maros were the loess grasslands with small patches of plain boscages and groves of maples and oaks. As the grasslands were converted into plough lands, the excellent quality of the grassland soils decreased, thus the original vegetation has disappeared. Nowadays the valuable species of the former loessy grasslands can only be seen on smaller patches on Cuman hows and confines. The Tatársánc native grassland is such a relict that has survived on the faint patch of a several thousand years old earthen motte. These relict areas give an excellent possibility to study their soils, vegetation and land use in general in order to reveal ancient environment of the plain because they are the most virgin areas of the Hungarian lowland areas. In the present paper we focus on soil erosion research. Soil core sampling and soil laboratory examinations were done to find the signs of soil and nutrient loss over the slope of the T...
In the 19th century, in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary has always been referred to as t... more In the 19th century, in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary has always been referred to as the food chamber. The reason for this is the huge areas having high agricultural potentials. Nowadays, 2/3 of the country’s present area is good for agricultural production and 50 % is good for arable farming. The present study intend to present the state of soil carbon on some arable lands where it is lost due to unfavorable management and to present its state where it is protected in undisturbed, natural or semi-natural spots. Soil carbon was measured on various sloping areas of Hungary. The amount of loss through erosion is calculated with soil erosion models. Shallow drillings, up to 3 meters have been made where soil organic matter has been measured in order to present the amount of buried – and thus lost for agricultural production etc. – material. The above methodologies have been applied to areas with different agricultural management types. This allow us to show the differences a...
There are a growing number of physically based soil erosion models and their use is increasing ra... more There are a growing number of physically based soil erosion models and their use is increasing rapidly as well. Meanwhile, as the input need of physical models is much larger than those of the empirical models, any research investigating the punctuality of factors affecting the final outputs of the model are valuable. In the present case we did soil particle size measurements in different institutions (Debrecen and Szeged University and Geographical Institute) with different methodologies (laser, aerometer and pipette methods) on different soil materials (sandy, loamy and clayey). Results of measuring particle size fractions were used for calculating the soil erodibility factor, using the USLE methodology: 8 soils were examined and statistical analyses found significant differences among the particle size measurements. The purpose of the paper is to find out whether these significant differences in particle size measurements were causing significant differences in soil erodibility c...
A szántóföldi művelés meredek lejtőkön jelentősen gyorsítja az eróziót. A lehordódott feltalaj a ... more A szántóföldi művelés meredek lejtőkön jelentősen gyorsítja az eróziót. A lehordódott feltalaj a tábla aljában akár több méter vastag humuszos réteget hozva létre halmozódik fel. Az erózió szelektivitása és az eltemetett rétegekben lezajló folyamatok miatt a szedimentálódott rétegek jelentősen különbözhetnek az eredeti művelt réteg tulajdonságaitól. Egy külső-somogyi szántó lejtőhordalék szelvényét mintáztuk, a mintákból meghatároztuk a szemcseösszetételt a szervesanyag-tartalmat, szénsavasmész-tartalmat és a humuszminőséget. Ezen értékeket egymáshoz és a terület kevésbé erodált referencia szelvényének értékeihez hasonlítva becsültük az erodált és eltemetett rétegekben lejátszódó stabilizációs, mineralizációs és vándorlási folyamatok intenzitását. A mintegy 3 m mély szelvény eltemetett rétegeinek szemcseösszetételében tapasztalt változások nem egyértelműek. A szervesszén-tartalom a felszíntől távolodva fokozatosan csökken, a humuszösszetétel nem változik, azaz az eltemetődött humusz...
In this study we focused on the factors aff ecting fi nal outputs of the USLE (Universal Soil Los... more In this study we focused on the factors aff ecting fi nal outputs of the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. In doing so, we conducted soil particle size measurements in diff erent institutions (University of Debrecen, University of Szeged and Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) with a variety of methodologies (laser, aerometer and pipett e methods) on various soil materials (sandy, loamy and clay). Statistical analyses of the eight examined soil samples have been shown some signifi cant and some non-signifi cant diff erences among the particle size measurements. This paper is aimed at i) to ascertain whether these signifi cant diff erences in particle size measurements cause signifi cant diff erences in soil erodibility calculations; and ii) to assess the amount of soil loss calculated by these K factors. The results suggest that regardless of the relatively small percentage between the smallest and the greatest K factor values, the amount of soil loss can be fairly high, especially when erosion occurs on a longer or steeper slope. In the present case, when we compare simulations results, the amount of soil loss is more important than the diff erence in percentage between the minimum and maximum values. Because the percentage of the diff erence can remain the same between the simulations, while the amount of soil loss increases way beyond soil loss tolerance limits.
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) plays a key role in the life of rural hunting enter... more Roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) plays a key role in the life of rural hunting enterprises. There are numerous factors affecting antler quality and they can be examined from different scientific ap-proaches. In the present work we searched for relation among a nationwide digital soil database and a digital nationwide antler database. Researches in this field are concentrating on quantitative measures of soil fertili-ty, on general differences among regional soil conditions. The results were obtained by completing a spatial analysis of the national digital soil map (Agrotopography Map of Hungary, mapping scale of 1:100,000) and roe deer antler weight information maps covering the whole area of Hungary. Based on our results we can state that it was possible to show the effects of soil physical parameters on antler weights. As the result of using the General Linear Model soil physical parameters are explaining 42.5% of the variance of antler we ight (F 68,1133 = 12.316, p ...
T he following glossary of terms related to the European agricultural landscape shall serve as a ... more T he following glossary of terms related to the European agricultural landscape shall serve as a common basis for all parties, working in or on agricultural landscapes. Some of the terms are quite common and sometimes used in our every day language, but they often have different meanings in particular countries. These differences may be a result of varying linguistic developments, history and traditions. The glossary contains 40 terms in seven languages; English, Dutch, Estonian, French, German, Hungarian, and Spanish. Each term begins with an English definition, illustrated by a photograph. If there are differences in meanings and connotations of single countries, they are mentioned in the designated country’s column. This work is to be continued.
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