Papers by Corine de Ruiter
Child Abuse & Neglect, Feb 1, 2019
People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the ... more People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Journal of Personality Assessment, Nov 13, 2017
The most recent conceptualizations of empathy recognize affective empathy as distinct from cognit... more The most recent conceptualizations of empathy recognize affective empathy as distinct from cognitive empathy. Consequently, instruments that assess these two types of empathy have been developed. Among them, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a particularly promising, relatively new, self-report measure consisting of 31-items. To examine the cross-cultural adaptability of the QCAE, we investigated the psychometric properties of an Italian version in two samples and with two different formats of administration. Study 1 (n = 407) used archival data collected via paper-and-pencil; Study 2 (n = 285) used newly collected data, obtained with an online format. In these studies, in addition to the QCAE, six other instruments measuring empathy-related constructs (i.e., interpersonal competence, well-being, personality traits, emotion regulation, alexithymia, and emotion recognition) were administered, too. Data analysis focused on factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity. The findings of both studies provide support for the cross-cultural applicability of the QCAE, and reveal interesting associations between empathy and the other constructs under examination.
International Journal of Law Crime and Justice, Dec 1, 2018
or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are ... more or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User
or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are ... more or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Abstract The special issue editors selected us to form an “adversarial collaboration” because our... more Abstract The special issue editors selected us to form an “adversarial collaboration” because our publications and teaching encompass both supportive and critical attitudes toward the Rorschach and its recently developed system for use, the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). We reviewed the research literature and case law to determine if the Rorschach and specifically R-PAS meet legal standards for admissibility in court. We included evidence on norms, reliability, validity, utility, general acceptance, forensic evaluator use, and response style assessment, as well as United States and selected European case law addressing challenges to mental examination motions, admissibility, and weight. Compared to other psychological tests, the Rorschach is not challenged at unusually high rates. Although the recently introduced R-PAS is not widely referenced in case law, evidence suggests that information from it is likely to be ruled admissible when used by a competent evaluator and selected variables yield scores that are sufficiently reliable and valid to evaluate psychological processes that inform functional psycholegal capacities. We identify effective and ethical but also inappropriate uses (e.g., psychological profiling) of R-PAS in criminal, civil, juvenile, and family court. We recommend specific research to clarify important aspects of R-PAS and advance its utility in forensic mental health assessment.
or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are ... more or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 2019
Most of the foregoing research on child investigative interviewing has focused on interview pract... more Most of the foregoing research on child investigative interviewing has focused on interview practices in Western countries, thus potentially limiting the generalizability and application of the findings to improve interview practices in non-Western countries. The current studies are the first to examine police interviewing practices involving alleged child sexual abuse (CSA) victims in Indonesia which has marked cultural differences compared with Western countries. In Study 1, we presented Indonesian police child interviewers (N = 26) with a sexual abuse case vignette concerning a 7-year-old girl. Police interviewers were asked to write down the questions they would pose to the child. We categorized questions into four types: open-prompts, directives, optionposing, and suggestive. In Study 2, we examined Indonesian police files (N = 24) containing child sexual abuse interviews and also scored the type of questions used as per the first study. We compared our data with those obtained in Western countries. The consistent finding in both studies is that Indonesian police interviewers rarely used open-prompts, asked more directive and option-posing questions. Consistent with findings from Western countries, our studies provide indirect evidence that openprompts may be infrequently used by forensic child interviewers in Indonesia.
Dit onderzoek richt zich op de effectiviteit van de agressieregulatiegroepstherapie ‘Niet meer do... more Dit onderzoek richt zich op de effectiviteit van de agressieregulatiegroepstherapie ‘Niet meer door het lint’ voor relationeel geweldplegers (van Dam, van Tilburg, Steenkist, & Buisman, 2009). De behandeling is gebaseerd op cognitieve gedragstherapie, en bestaat uit het leren doorbreken van de agressieketen, het aanleren van andere copingstijlen en sociale vaardigheden. Voor- en nametingen op de primaire uitkomstmaten voor agressie zelfgerapporteerde hostiliteit, directe en indirecte agressie) en de secundaire uitkomstmaat (zelfgerapporteerde algemene psychopathologie) werden vergeleken in een groep relationeel geweldplegers, die vrijwillig deelnamen aan de therapie. Tevens werden mediërende uitkomstmaten (actieve en passieve copingstijlen) voor en na behandeling vergeleken. Resultaten duiden op een beperkt effect op de primaire uitkomstmaten, waarbij hostiliteit en psychopathologie significant afnamen. Directe en indirecte agressie lieten echter geen significante afname zien, er werd alleen een trend gevonden. Expressie van emoties en passieve coping spelen mogelijk een mediërende rol in het verminderen van agressief gedrag. Het uitvalpercentage was hoog (59,7%).Verder onderzoek met een grotere steekproef, een controlegroep, en meer objectieve, gedragsmatige uitkomstmaten die zicht geven op de werkzame mechanismen van de therapie, is noodzakelijk. Trefwoorden: agressieregulatie, groepstherapie, relationeel geweldplegers, huiselijk geweldstatus: publishe
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2018
The screener for mild intellectual disability (SCIL) was developed to screen for mild intellectua... more The screener for mild intellectual disability (SCIL) was developed to screen for mild intellectual disability (IQ below 85). The aims of this study were (a) to examine the predictive validity of the SCIL in screening for intellectual disability among police suspects and (b) to explore the prevalence of cognitive intellectual disability among suspects in police custody in the Netherlands. An unselected sample of police suspects (N = 178) charged with a variety of offences was assessed with the SCIL, a Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)‐III‐NL short form, and a malingering measure. The SCIL screened 50.0% of the sample as having mild intellectual disabilities, whereas the short WAIS classified 84.3% of the sample with an IQ below 85. A principal component analysis of the SCIL showed ambiguous results. Furthermore, the short WAIS classified 55.6% of our sample with a borderline IQ (IQ = 70–84), 84.3% with an IQ below 85 and 28.7% with an IQ below 70. The prevalence of intellectua...
Cogent Psychology, 2018
Psychological vulnerabilities in police suspects may interfere with the demands of police interro... more Psychological vulnerabilities in police suspects may interfere with the demands of police interrogations, and thereby increase the risk of an unreliable statement, or even a false confession. This study examined: (1) the prevalence of a number of psychological vulnerabilities in police arrestees, and (2) the views of police officers on identifying vulnerable suspects. Both have not been studied previously in the Dutch context. Psychological assessments of a sample of police suspects (N = 149) showed that about 60% rated positive on a mental health screen, and, compared to the general Dutch population, levels of psychopathology, depression, anxiety, stress and interrogative suggestibility were significantly higher. In a second study in police detectives (N = 103), 55% stated that they had not interrogated a vulnerable suspect within the previous 12-month period, and again 55% mentioned that they did not take any special precautions when interrogating vulnerable suspects. Forty-two per cent of police detectives took precautions when interrogating vulnerable suspects, such as consulting their supervisor, a police psychologist, the public prosecutor or a specialised police interrogator. The two studies together indicate that police officers seriously underestimate the base rate of psychological vulnerabilities among suspects. Implications for police interrogation training and supervision are provided.
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 2016
Expert witnesses can play a major role in legal cases concerning the reliability of statements. A... more Expert witnesses can play a major role in legal cases concerning the reliability of statements. Abuse cases frequently contain only memories of eyewitnesses/victims without the presence of physical evidence. Here, it is of the utmost importance that expert witnesses use scientific evidence for their expert opinion. In this case report, we describe a case in which 20 children reported being sexually abused by the same teachers at their elementary school. We review the investigative steps that were taken by the police and school authorities and how they probably affected memory. In order to provide a sound expert opinion regarding the reliability of these statements, we propose three recommendations. So, to reduce the effect of confirmation bias and to increase objectivity, we argue that expert witness' reports should contain alternative scenarios, need to be checked by another expert, and should focus on the origin and context of the first statement.
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, Dec 5, 2010
The present study aimed to examine offender types in a sample of Belgian single‐perpetrator/singl... more The present study aimed to examine offender types in a sample of Belgian single‐perpetrator/single‐victim homicide cases. First, it was investigated if the distinction between instrumental and expressive aggression could be documented in crime scene and offender background characteristics. Second, the instrumental and expressive themes from the first analysis were examined in relation to the motives the perpetrators themselves provided for their offence. A sample of 97 solved homicide cases was analysed using the non‐metric multidimensional scaling procedure Proxscal. The results revealed that 62% of the homicide crime scenes and 67% of the offender backgrounds could be classified as either expressive or instrumental. The self‐reported motives did not correspond with the themes according to the Proxscal analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2021
Abstract A recent offender rehabilitation theory, the ‘Good Lives Model’ (GLM), states that effec... more Abstract A recent offender rehabilitation theory, the ‘Good Lives Model’ (GLM), states that effective interventions should not only focus on risk factors, but also on improving well-being by meeting a universal set of human needs, such as relatedness with friends and family, inner peace and excellence in agency, called ‘primary goods’. Little empirical research however exists examining the GLM's underlying etiological assumptions, especially for youngsters. Due to their developmental phase, adolescents may have different needs or they may prioritize them differently compared to adults. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on adolescent well-being. A multi-level meta-analysis was conducted to assess the extent to which the 11 GLM primary goods are related to overall subjective well-being in adolescents. We systematically searched databases for terms related to well-being and adolescence, resulting in 139 publications included in the meta-analysis. Almost all of the GLM primary goods were related to subjective well-being in adolescents. Some goods however may be more salient or manifest themselves differently in this particular development phase. Offender rehabilitation interventions should carefully assess which primary goods are important for the youngster, how they (try to) achieve them and in which way the goods are related to their delinquent behavior.
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Papers by Corine de Ruiter