This multicenter study evaluated 2-year effectiveness and safety following implantation of two se... more This multicenter study evaluated 2-year effectiveness and safety following implantation of two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent inject ®) with phacoemulsification. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification by nine surgeons across Australia. Eyes had mild to advanced glaucoma (predominantly primary open-angle/POAG, appositional angle-closure/ACG, or normal-tension /NTG) or ocular hypertension (OHT), and cataract. Evaluations included intraocular pressure (IOP); medications; proportions of eyes with 0 or ≥2 medications, reduced/stable medications versus preoperative, and IOP ≤15 mmHg; visual acuity; cup-to-disc ratio (CDR); visual fields (VF); adverse events; and secondary surgery. Results: A total of 340 eyes underwent surgery and had 24-month follow-up data. At 24 months, mean IOP decreased by 16% from 16.4±4.7 mmHg preoperatively to 13.7±3.1 mmHg (p<0.001), and 77% of eyes achieved IOP of ≤15 mmHg versus 49% preoperatively (p<0.001). Mean number of medications decreased by 67% to 0.49±0.95 versus 1.49±1.20 preoperatively (p<0.001), with 74% of eyes medication-free versus 25% preoperatively (p<0.001), and 14% of eyes on ≥2 medications versus 46% preoperatively (p<0.001). Medication burden was reduced or stable in 98% of eyes versus preoperative. Stratified analyses showed significant IOP and medication reductions across glaucoma subtypes (POAG, ACG, NTG, OHT): 13-22% for IOP (p<0.01 for all) and 62-100% for medication (p<0.001 for all). Favorable safety included few adverse events; stable CDR, VF, and visual acuity; and filtering surgery in only 8 eyes (2.4%) over 2 years. Conclusion: This 340-eye multicenter dataset provides robust evidence of the safety and efficacy of iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification, with significant and sustained IOP and medication reductions through 2 years. Results were similarly favorable across glaucoma subtypes (including POAG, ACG, NTG, OHT) and were attained across various glaucoma severities, clinical sites, and surgeons, highlighting the real-world versatility and utility of this treatment modality.
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of the trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent and iStent inject)... more Purpose: The efficacy and safety of the trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent and iStent inject) have been well documented in various open-angle glaucoma subtypes. However, their outcomes remain understudied in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). The present study aimed to assess the 1-year outcomes related to the implantation of two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent inject) concomitant with cataract surgery (CE-TMS), exclusively in eyes with NTG. Methods: This multi-center, consecutive case series included eyes with cataract and normaltension glaucoma that underwent CE-TMS to reduce intraocular pressure or glaucoma medication use. The 12-month efficacy measures included change in average intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden. Safety included change in best-corrected visual acuity, cup-todisc ratio, visual field mean-deviation and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Intra-or postoperative adverse events were noted. Results: A total of 62 eyes with mild-to-severe NTG and average preoperative IOP of 15.82 ± 2.94 mmHg on 1.50 ± 1.28 glaucoma medications were included. Postoperatively, IOP declined by 22% from 15.82 ± 2.94 mmHg to 12.32 ± 2.58 (p \ 0.001), all eyes had IOP B 18 mmHg (versus 74% preoperatively), and half had IOP B 12 mmHg (versus 15% preoperatively). Medication burden decreased by 70% from 1.50 ± 1.28 to 0.45 ± 0.86 (p \ 0.001), and 73% of the eyes were medication-free (versus 23% preoperatively). Safety was favorable, with no evidence of sight-threatening adverse events. Conclusion: Implantation of iStent inject (two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to
PurposeTo compare the outcome of early versus late Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) after deep sc... more PurposeTo compare the outcome of early versus late Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) after deep sclerectomy with mitomycin C (DSMMC) for open-angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsA retrospective study of consecutive OAG eyes that underwent a LGP following DSMMC was recruited between June 2012 and November 2015. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 21, 18 or 15 mm Hg with a reduction of more than 20% IOP from baseline without (complete success) or with medications (qualified success).Results99 eyes with OAG that underwent DSMMC were recruited into the study. Of these, 49 eyes (49.49%) had undergone LGP post-DSMMC. IOP was significantly reduced following LGP from 28.4 to 11.8 mm Hg. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves out to 60 months after LGP showed a trend towards better outcomes in the late LGP group with the only statistically significant difference noted for qualified success with IOP target <15 mm Hg. Complications were few with no difference noted betwee...
Purpose: To assess the utility and safety of implanting two second-generation trabecular micro-by... more Purpose: To assess the utility and safety of implanting two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents following cataract surgery in eyes with mild to advanced glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Patients and methods: Retrospective study of iStent ® inject trabecular micro-bypass implantation with cataract surgery by five surgeons at five sites in Australia. Eyes had mild to advanced glaucoma (predominantly primary open-angle, appositional angle-closure, or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma) or OHT and cataract requiring surgery. Effectiveness measures included intraocular pressure (IOP); medication burden; and proportions of eyes with no medications, $2 medications, stable or decreased medications vs preoperative, and IOP #18 mmHg. Safety measures included visual acuity, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), visual field (VF), complications, adverse events, and secondary surgical interventions. Patients have been followed for 12 months, and follow-up is ongoing. Results: Of the 290 total eyes that underwent surgery, 165 eyes had 12-month outcomes at the time of data collection and are included in this report. In these eyes, mean Month 12 IOP reduced by 23.2% from 18.27±5.41 mmHg preoperatively to 14.04±2.98 mmHg (P,0.001), with 95.8% of eyes achieving Month 12 IOP of #18 mmHg vs 60.6% preoperatively. Mean number of medications at 12 months decreased by 71.5%, 0.47±0.95 vs 1.65±1.28 preoperatively; 76.4% of eyes were on zero medications vs 17.6% preoperatively (P,0.001); 14.5% of eyes were on $2 medications vs 46.7% preoperatively (P,0.001); and 98.2% of eyes maintained or reduced medications vs their preoperative regimen. Favorable safety included no stent-related intraoperative complications; limited and transient postoperative adverse events; and stable CDR, VF, and visual acuity. Three eyes with more advanced disease underwent additional glaucoma surgeries. Conclusion: iStent inject implantation with cataract surgery significantly and safely reduced medications and IOP in eyes with various types and severities of glaucoma within a multicenter, multi-provider, real-life setting.
The aim of this article is to evaluate the rate of patients developing sustained elevated intraoc... more The aim of this article is to evaluate the rate of patients developing sustained elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after ranibizumab (Lucentis) intravitreal (IVT) injections. This is a retrospective study. Charts of 192 consecutive patients receiving Lucentis for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were retrospectively reviewed. We enrolled patients with at least two IOP measurements between injections. Elevated IOP was defined as >21 mm Hg with an increase of at least 20% from baseline. Noninjected contralateral eyes of the same patient cohort were used as control. Primary outcome was defined as elevated IOP. Secondary outcomes were presence and type of glaucoma, number of injections, and time to IOP elevation. Elevated IOP occurred at a significantly higher rate in eyes receiving IVT ranibizumab (7.47%; n = 9) compared with control (0.93%; n = 1). Patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT) were more likely to develop elevated IOP after IVT ranibizumab ...
Intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks and means have been considered important factors for glaucoma on... more Intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks and means have been considered important factors for glaucoma onset and progression. However, peak IOP detection depends only on appropriated IOP checks at office visits, whereas the mean IOP requires longitudinal IOP data collection and may be affected by the interval between visits. Also, IOP peak assessment is necessary to verify if the peak pressure of a given patient is in target range, to evaluate glaucoma suspect risk, the efficacy of hypotensive drugs and to detect early loss of IOP control. The water-drinking test has gained significant attention in recent years as an important tool to evaluate IOP peaks and instability. The main objective of this review was to present new findings and to discuss the applicability of the water-drinking test in glaucoma management.
To assess the value of an abnormal fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT), lacrimal syringing,... more To assess the value of an abnormal fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT), lacrimal syringing, and Jones test for patients with epiphora who are clinically patent to syringing. Prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive patients with epiphora who were clinically patent to syringing and otherwise normal to examination. Patients were assessed using FDDT and lacrimal syringing, as well as the Jones test comparing either single- or multiple-drop technique. FDDT and canalicular reflux on lacrimal syringing were subjectively graded. Success was defined as nil or only mild epiphora after surgery. Surgery was performed on 68 patients with a successful result in 64 (94%). The majority of these patients had severely delayed FDDT (90%), &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 50% reflux on lacrimal syringing (78%), or were Jones I negative (81%). There was no significant difference between outcomes of the single- and multiple-drop tests. In patients examined with the single-drop Jones test, patients with a Jones I negative result had a statistically significant better surgical outcome (p = 0.04). This comparison was highly significant when the subgroup of patients with severely delayed/nonclearing FDDT and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 50% reflux was examined (p = 0.005). The results were not significant for the multiple-drop group. These findings show that a negative single-drop Jones I test is predictive of symptomatic improvement after dacryocystorhinostomy surgery in patients with epiphora who are clinically patent to syringing. Lacrimal syringing and the FDDT, on their own, were not predictive of surgical outcome. Jones testing was of significant value in patients, but only when the traditional single-drop test was used.
Elevated plasma homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease... more Elevated plasma homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between open-angle glaucoma and cardiovascular disease has recently stimulated interest in the role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Some studies report elevated plasma homocysteine in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG), but have not found this association consistently in other types of open-angle glaucoma. In this study, we have measured plasma homocysteine and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation, the commonest genetic cause of elevated plasma homocysteine, in patients with PXFG, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Prospective cross-sectional cohort study. Forty-eight patients with PXFG, 36 patients with POAG, 34 patients with NTG, and 42 controls without glaucoma. Fasting venous blood samples from each participant were analyzed for plasma homocysteine and the C677T MTHFR gene mutation. MAIN OUTCOME OF INTEREST: Mean plasma homocysteine levels, number of individuals with homocysteine above the reference range, and percentage of individuals with heterozygous or homozygous C677T MTHFR gene mutations. Mean plasma homocysteine was significantly higher in PXFG (11.77+/-4.18 micromol/L), POAG (11.21+/-2.84 micromol/L), and NTG (11.74+/-3.79 micromol/L) compared with control (9.82+/-1.75 micromol/L). Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 27.1% of PXFG patients, 30.6% of POAG patients, and 29.4% of NTG patients. There was no significant difference in frequency of MTHFR C677T gene mutation between groups. Plasma homocysteine was elevated in PXFG, POAG, and NTG. Elevated plasma homocysteine seems to be associated with glaucoma in these patients.
To measure and compare quality of life in patients with and without glaucoma using the Glaucoma Q... more To measure and compare quality of life in patients with and without glaucoma using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 Questionnaire, and to determine the association between glaucoma-related quality of life and clinical indices of glaucoma. Using a prospective, cross-sectional study, we collected demographic information via interviews and administered the questionnaire to assess glaucoma-related quality of life in 121 patients with glaucoma and 31 subjects without glaucoma. Visual function was measured objectively by clinical examination. Group differences and the association between questionnaire scores and clinical indices were evaluated using nonparametric analysis of variance and correlation coefficients, respectively. The relationship between the likelihood of reporting vision-related dysfunction and glaucoma severity was examined using logistic regression. Patients with glaucoma had significantly poorer glaucoma-related quality of life than controls (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). Summary scores differed significantly among patients with mild, moderate, and severe glaucoma demonstrating a trend of poorer quality of life with increasing disease severity. Activities involving glare and dark adaptation were most problematic for all, but patients with glaucoma felt significantly more compromised in central and near vision, peripheral vision, and outdoor mobility (all P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). Glaucoma-related quality of life scores correlated moderately and significantly with visual acuity, disease severity, and visual field measurements, but only severe glaucoma was a significant predictor of self-perceived deficits in glaucoma-related quality of life (P=0.038). The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 Questionnaire correlated well with objective measures of visual function and discriminated between quality of life in patients with glaucoma and subjects without glaucoma.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Apr 1, 2013
Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the detection, treatmen... more Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the detection, treatment and further understanding of glaucoma. These technologies and advances are discussed to provide information on risk-factors, diagnosis and treatment. Glaucoma has never before seen such an advance in research and therapies coming forward in to the clinical workplace. It is an exciting time for physicians and researchers alike and over the next decade will certainly see advances in early detection, efficacious treatments and neuroprotection.
Accurate measurement of intra-ocular pressure is a fundamental component of the ocular examinatio... more Accurate measurement of intra-ocular pressure is a fundamental component of the ocular examination. The most common method of measuring IOP is by Goldmann applanation tonometry, the accuracy of which is influenced by the thickness and biomechanical properties of the cornea. Algorithms devised to correct for corneal thickness to estimate IOP oversimplify the effects of corneal biomechanics. The viscous and elastic properties of the cornea influence IOP measurements in unpredictable ways, a finding borne out in studies of patients with inherently abnormal and surgically altered corneal biomechanics. Dynamic contour tonometry, rebound tonometry and the ocular response analyzer provide useful alternatives to GAT in patients with abnormal corneas, such as those who have undergone laser vision correction or keratoplasty. This article reviews the various methods of intra-ocular pressure measurement available to the clinician and the ways in which their utility is influenced by variations i...
This multicenter study evaluated 2-year effectiveness and safety following implantation of two se... more This multicenter study evaluated 2-year effectiveness and safety following implantation of two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent inject ®) with phacoemulsification. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification by nine surgeons across Australia. Eyes had mild to advanced glaucoma (predominantly primary open-angle/POAG, appositional angle-closure/ACG, or normal-tension /NTG) or ocular hypertension (OHT), and cataract. Evaluations included intraocular pressure (IOP); medications; proportions of eyes with 0 or ≥2 medications, reduced/stable medications versus preoperative, and IOP ≤15 mmHg; visual acuity; cup-to-disc ratio (CDR); visual fields (VF); adverse events; and secondary surgery. Results: A total of 340 eyes underwent surgery and had 24-month follow-up data. At 24 months, mean IOP decreased by 16% from 16.4±4.7 mmHg preoperatively to 13.7±3.1 mmHg (p<0.001), and 77% of eyes achieved IOP of ≤15 mmHg versus 49% preoperatively (p<0.001). Mean number of medications decreased by 67% to 0.49±0.95 versus 1.49±1.20 preoperatively (p<0.001), with 74% of eyes medication-free versus 25% preoperatively (p<0.001), and 14% of eyes on ≥2 medications versus 46% preoperatively (p<0.001). Medication burden was reduced or stable in 98% of eyes versus preoperative. Stratified analyses showed significant IOP and medication reductions across glaucoma subtypes (POAG, ACG, NTG, OHT): 13-22% for IOP (p<0.01 for all) and 62-100% for medication (p<0.001 for all). Favorable safety included few adverse events; stable CDR, VF, and visual acuity; and filtering surgery in only 8 eyes (2.4%) over 2 years. Conclusion: This 340-eye multicenter dataset provides robust evidence of the safety and efficacy of iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification, with significant and sustained IOP and medication reductions through 2 years. Results were similarly favorable across glaucoma subtypes (including POAG, ACG, NTG, OHT) and were attained across various glaucoma severities, clinical sites, and surgeons, highlighting the real-world versatility and utility of this treatment modality.
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of the trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent and iStent inject)... more Purpose: The efficacy and safety of the trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent and iStent inject) have been well documented in various open-angle glaucoma subtypes. However, their outcomes remain understudied in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). The present study aimed to assess the 1-year outcomes related to the implantation of two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent inject) concomitant with cataract surgery (CE-TMS), exclusively in eyes with NTG. Methods: This multi-center, consecutive case series included eyes with cataract and normaltension glaucoma that underwent CE-TMS to reduce intraocular pressure or glaucoma medication use. The 12-month efficacy measures included change in average intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden. Safety included change in best-corrected visual acuity, cup-todisc ratio, visual field mean-deviation and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Intra-or postoperative adverse events were noted. Results: A total of 62 eyes with mild-to-severe NTG and average preoperative IOP of 15.82 ± 2.94 mmHg on 1.50 ± 1.28 glaucoma medications were included. Postoperatively, IOP declined by 22% from 15.82 ± 2.94 mmHg to 12.32 ± 2.58 (p \ 0.001), all eyes had IOP B 18 mmHg (versus 74% preoperatively), and half had IOP B 12 mmHg (versus 15% preoperatively). Medication burden decreased by 70% from 1.50 ± 1.28 to 0.45 ± 0.86 (p \ 0.001), and 73% of the eyes were medication-free (versus 23% preoperatively). Safety was favorable, with no evidence of sight-threatening adverse events. Conclusion: Implantation of iStent inject (two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to
PurposeTo compare the outcome of early versus late Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) after deep sc... more PurposeTo compare the outcome of early versus late Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) after deep sclerectomy with mitomycin C (DSMMC) for open-angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsA retrospective study of consecutive OAG eyes that underwent a LGP following DSMMC was recruited between June 2012 and November 2015. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 21, 18 or 15 mm Hg with a reduction of more than 20% IOP from baseline without (complete success) or with medications (qualified success).Results99 eyes with OAG that underwent DSMMC were recruited into the study. Of these, 49 eyes (49.49%) had undergone LGP post-DSMMC. IOP was significantly reduced following LGP from 28.4 to 11.8 mm Hg. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves out to 60 months after LGP showed a trend towards better outcomes in the late LGP group with the only statistically significant difference noted for qualified success with IOP target <15 mm Hg. Complications were few with no difference noted betwee...
Purpose: To assess the utility and safety of implanting two second-generation trabecular micro-by... more Purpose: To assess the utility and safety of implanting two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents following cataract surgery in eyes with mild to advanced glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Patients and methods: Retrospective study of iStent ® inject trabecular micro-bypass implantation with cataract surgery by five surgeons at five sites in Australia. Eyes had mild to advanced glaucoma (predominantly primary open-angle, appositional angle-closure, or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma) or OHT and cataract requiring surgery. Effectiveness measures included intraocular pressure (IOP); medication burden; and proportions of eyes with no medications, $2 medications, stable or decreased medications vs preoperative, and IOP #18 mmHg. Safety measures included visual acuity, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), visual field (VF), complications, adverse events, and secondary surgical interventions. Patients have been followed for 12 months, and follow-up is ongoing. Results: Of the 290 total eyes that underwent surgery, 165 eyes had 12-month outcomes at the time of data collection and are included in this report. In these eyes, mean Month 12 IOP reduced by 23.2% from 18.27±5.41 mmHg preoperatively to 14.04±2.98 mmHg (P,0.001), with 95.8% of eyes achieving Month 12 IOP of #18 mmHg vs 60.6% preoperatively. Mean number of medications at 12 months decreased by 71.5%, 0.47±0.95 vs 1.65±1.28 preoperatively; 76.4% of eyes were on zero medications vs 17.6% preoperatively (P,0.001); 14.5% of eyes were on $2 medications vs 46.7% preoperatively (P,0.001); and 98.2% of eyes maintained or reduced medications vs their preoperative regimen. Favorable safety included no stent-related intraoperative complications; limited and transient postoperative adverse events; and stable CDR, VF, and visual acuity. Three eyes with more advanced disease underwent additional glaucoma surgeries. Conclusion: iStent inject implantation with cataract surgery significantly and safely reduced medications and IOP in eyes with various types and severities of glaucoma within a multicenter, multi-provider, real-life setting.
The aim of this article is to evaluate the rate of patients developing sustained elevated intraoc... more The aim of this article is to evaluate the rate of patients developing sustained elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after ranibizumab (Lucentis) intravitreal (IVT) injections. This is a retrospective study. Charts of 192 consecutive patients receiving Lucentis for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were retrospectively reviewed. We enrolled patients with at least two IOP measurements between injections. Elevated IOP was defined as >21 mm Hg with an increase of at least 20% from baseline. Noninjected contralateral eyes of the same patient cohort were used as control. Primary outcome was defined as elevated IOP. Secondary outcomes were presence and type of glaucoma, number of injections, and time to IOP elevation. Elevated IOP occurred at a significantly higher rate in eyes receiving IVT ranibizumab (7.47%; n = 9) compared with control (0.93%; n = 1). Patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT) were more likely to develop elevated IOP after IVT ranibizumab ...
Intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks and means have been considered important factors for glaucoma on... more Intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks and means have been considered important factors for glaucoma onset and progression. However, peak IOP detection depends only on appropriated IOP checks at office visits, whereas the mean IOP requires longitudinal IOP data collection and may be affected by the interval between visits. Also, IOP peak assessment is necessary to verify if the peak pressure of a given patient is in target range, to evaluate glaucoma suspect risk, the efficacy of hypotensive drugs and to detect early loss of IOP control. The water-drinking test has gained significant attention in recent years as an important tool to evaluate IOP peaks and instability. The main objective of this review was to present new findings and to discuss the applicability of the water-drinking test in glaucoma management.
To assess the value of an abnormal fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT), lacrimal syringing,... more To assess the value of an abnormal fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT), lacrimal syringing, and Jones test for patients with epiphora who are clinically patent to syringing. Prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive patients with epiphora who were clinically patent to syringing and otherwise normal to examination. Patients were assessed using FDDT and lacrimal syringing, as well as the Jones test comparing either single- or multiple-drop technique. FDDT and canalicular reflux on lacrimal syringing were subjectively graded. Success was defined as nil or only mild epiphora after surgery. Surgery was performed on 68 patients with a successful result in 64 (94%). The majority of these patients had severely delayed FDDT (90%), &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 50% reflux on lacrimal syringing (78%), or were Jones I negative (81%). There was no significant difference between outcomes of the single- and multiple-drop tests. In patients examined with the single-drop Jones test, patients with a Jones I negative result had a statistically significant better surgical outcome (p = 0.04). This comparison was highly significant when the subgroup of patients with severely delayed/nonclearing FDDT and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 50% reflux was examined (p = 0.005). The results were not significant for the multiple-drop group. These findings show that a negative single-drop Jones I test is predictive of symptomatic improvement after dacryocystorhinostomy surgery in patients with epiphora who are clinically patent to syringing. Lacrimal syringing and the FDDT, on their own, were not predictive of surgical outcome. Jones testing was of significant value in patients, but only when the traditional single-drop test was used.
Elevated plasma homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease... more Elevated plasma homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between open-angle glaucoma and cardiovascular disease has recently stimulated interest in the role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Some studies report elevated plasma homocysteine in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG), but have not found this association consistently in other types of open-angle glaucoma. In this study, we have measured plasma homocysteine and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation, the commonest genetic cause of elevated plasma homocysteine, in patients with PXFG, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Prospective cross-sectional cohort study. Forty-eight patients with PXFG, 36 patients with POAG, 34 patients with NTG, and 42 controls without glaucoma. Fasting venous blood samples from each participant were analyzed for plasma homocysteine and the C677T MTHFR gene mutation. MAIN OUTCOME OF INTEREST: Mean plasma homocysteine levels, number of individuals with homocysteine above the reference range, and percentage of individuals with heterozygous or homozygous C677T MTHFR gene mutations. Mean plasma homocysteine was significantly higher in PXFG (11.77+/-4.18 micromol/L), POAG (11.21+/-2.84 micromol/L), and NTG (11.74+/-3.79 micromol/L) compared with control (9.82+/-1.75 micromol/L). Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 27.1% of PXFG patients, 30.6% of POAG patients, and 29.4% of NTG patients. There was no significant difference in frequency of MTHFR C677T gene mutation between groups. Plasma homocysteine was elevated in PXFG, POAG, and NTG. Elevated plasma homocysteine seems to be associated with glaucoma in these patients.
To measure and compare quality of life in patients with and without glaucoma using the Glaucoma Q... more To measure and compare quality of life in patients with and without glaucoma using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 Questionnaire, and to determine the association between glaucoma-related quality of life and clinical indices of glaucoma. Using a prospective, cross-sectional study, we collected demographic information via interviews and administered the questionnaire to assess glaucoma-related quality of life in 121 patients with glaucoma and 31 subjects without glaucoma. Visual function was measured objectively by clinical examination. Group differences and the association between questionnaire scores and clinical indices were evaluated using nonparametric analysis of variance and correlation coefficients, respectively. The relationship between the likelihood of reporting vision-related dysfunction and glaucoma severity was examined using logistic regression. Patients with glaucoma had significantly poorer glaucoma-related quality of life than controls (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). Summary scores differed significantly among patients with mild, moderate, and severe glaucoma demonstrating a trend of poorer quality of life with increasing disease severity. Activities involving glare and dark adaptation were most problematic for all, but patients with glaucoma felt significantly more compromised in central and near vision, peripheral vision, and outdoor mobility (all P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). Glaucoma-related quality of life scores correlated moderately and significantly with visual acuity, disease severity, and visual field measurements, but only severe glaucoma was a significant predictor of self-perceived deficits in glaucoma-related quality of life (P=0.038). The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 Questionnaire correlated well with objective measures of visual function and discriminated between quality of life in patients with glaucoma and subjects without glaucoma.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Apr 1, 2013
Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the detection, treatmen... more Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the detection, treatment and further understanding of glaucoma. These technologies and advances are discussed to provide information on risk-factors, diagnosis and treatment. Glaucoma has never before seen such an advance in research and therapies coming forward in to the clinical workplace. It is an exciting time for physicians and researchers alike and over the next decade will certainly see advances in early detection, efficacious treatments and neuroprotection.
Accurate measurement of intra-ocular pressure is a fundamental component of the ocular examinatio... more Accurate measurement of intra-ocular pressure is a fundamental component of the ocular examination. The most common method of measuring IOP is by Goldmann applanation tonometry, the accuracy of which is influenced by the thickness and biomechanical properties of the cornea. Algorithms devised to correct for corneal thickness to estimate IOP oversimplify the effects of corneal biomechanics. The viscous and elastic properties of the cornea influence IOP measurements in unpredictable ways, a finding borne out in studies of patients with inherently abnormal and surgically altered corneal biomechanics. Dynamic contour tonometry, rebound tonometry and the ocular response analyzer provide useful alternatives to GAT in patients with abnormal corneas, such as those who have undergone laser vision correction or keratoplasty. This article reviews the various methods of intra-ocular pressure measurement available to the clinician and the ways in which their utility is influenced by variations i...
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