Papers by Claudia Cambrea
ARS Medica Tomitana, May 1, 2022
It is well known that vitamin D's general immunomodulatory actions are helpful in viral infection... more It is well known that vitamin D's general immunomodulatory actions are helpful in viral infections and that a shortage is linked to a more serious prognosis for Covid-19. In this sistematic review, we examined the existing literature on evidence as to whether there is also link between vitamin D range levels in pediatric population and the outcome of the Covid-19 infection. We looked for studies that measured vitamin D blood concentrations and examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation in young infected patients. Vitamin D may decrease the risk of respiratory infections in a number of ways through its interactions with numerous cells, including by decreasing viral survival and replication, reducing the cytokine storm, raising angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentrations (ACE2) while not damaging the endothelial integrity. The incidence or severity of Covid-19 is linked with blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, according to many observational studies. However experimental verification is still needed. Given their safety and broad therapeutic window, vitamin D supplements seem to be an effective way for individuals and doctors to prevent or treat Covid-19. Nonetheless, the outcomes of significant vitamin D randomized controlled trials are further needed.
Book of Abstracts
Jasna Paradiž, Determining the genetic vulnerability of plants due to ionizing radiation: a compr... more Jasna Paradiž, Determining the genetic vulnerability of plants due to ionizing radiation: a comprehensive analysis of the cytogenetic balance and responses of the Allium root meristem to various radiation doses .
Advances in Hepatology, 2021
Prevalence of hepatitis C in HIV infected patients is much higher than in the general population.... more Prevalence of hepatitis C in HIV infected patients is much higher than in the general population. There is the possibility of viral clearance HCV, in some patients co-infected HIV and HCV, in the phase of immune reconstruction after antiretroviral treatment (ART). There are patients’ anti-HCV positive who initially did not show HCV viral load detected and after the start of ART becomes HCV viral load detectable. There are studies that described that immune restoration with increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, from ART, was important in control of HCV viremia. Has been proposed hypothesis that direct or indirect effect of ART on HCV replication play a role in spontaneous resolution of HCV infection. We evaluated the co-infected patients with HIV and HCV under combined antiretroviral treatment, containing PI boosted with ritonavir in terms of immunological and virological status (for both infection) and also liver disease. Patients were evaluated for liver damage by non-invasive methods...
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2018
Background. This study was conducted to assess the variation in prescription practices for system... more Background. This study was conducted to assess the variation in prescription practices for systemic antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis among pediatric patients hospitalized in 41 countries worldwide. Methods. Using the standardized Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children Point Prevalence Survey protocol, a cross-sectional point-prevalence survey was conducted at 226 pediatric hospitals in 41 countries from October 1 to November 30, 2012. Results. Overall, 17 693 pediatric patients were surveyed and 36.7% of them received antibiotics (n = 6499). Of 6818 inpatient children, 2242 (32.9%) received at least 1 antimicrobial for prophylactic use. Of 11 899 prescriptions for antimicrobials, 3400 (28.6%) were provided for prophylactic use. Prophylaxis for medical diseases was the indication in 73.4% of cases (2495 of 3400), whereas 26.6% of prescriptions were for surgical diseases (905 of 3400). In approximately half the cases (48.7% [1656 of 3400]), a combination of 2 or more antimicrobials was prescribed. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSAs), which included tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, and sulfonamides/trimethoprim, was high (51.8% [1761 of 3400]). Broad-spectrum antibiotic use for medical prophylaxis was more common in Asia (risk ratio [RR], 1.322; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.202-1.653) and more restricted in Australia (RR, 0.619; 95% CI, 0.521-0.736). Prescription of BSA for surgical prophylaxis also varied according to United Nations region. Finally, a high percentage of surgical patients (79.7% [721 of 905]) received their prophylaxis for longer than 1 day. Conclusions. A high proportion of hospitalized children received prophylactic BSAs. This represents a clear target for quality improvement. Collectively speaking, it is critical to reduce total prophylactic prescribing, BSA use, and prolonged prescription.
ARS Medica Tomitana, 2016
Psoriasis represents a chronic disease, with a prevalence of 0.91% to 8.5% worldwide. The clinica... more Psoriasis represents a chronic disease, with a prevalence of 0.91% to 8.5% worldwide. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary a lot from patient to patient and the response to treatment also varies a lot. Today, in spite of the drawbacks it has, PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) represents one of the best tools used to evaluate the extent of the disease and the response to medication. One of the drawbacks of using this scoring system is considered to be the way a doctor has to calculate the result. In this study we offer, step by step, a possible solution to create an informatics tool that can offer the result of the score based on the inputs made by the doctor.
ARS Medica Tomitana, 2016
Background: Miliary tuberculosis is a haematogenuous dissemination of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ... more Background: Miliary tuberculosis is a haematogenuous dissemination of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) witch involves especially lungs, central nervous system and lymph node. It is a very severe disease with an increased risk of respiratory failure, extensive neurologic sequelas and high mortality. A rapid diagnosis and specific treatment is tremendous important for outcome. Association of strokeis common in tuberculous meningitis (MTB) and could delay the diagnosis and worse the prognosis.Case presentation: We present a case of 24 years old male, who present asthenia and 20 kilo weight lossduring the last 2 years before admission in hospital. He came in hospital, directly in Intensive CareUnit (ICU) for left hemiplegia followed within hours of fever, repeated focal seizures and coma, reaching a Glasgow score of 6 about 48 hours after admission. Patient requiredorotracheal intubation. The Chest radiograph reveal micro-nodular opacities compatible with miliary TB and the ...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2016
Objectives In Bulgaria 1606 cases with HIV/AIDS were diagnosed from 1986 until 2012. Epidemiologi... more Objectives In Bulgaria 1606 cases with HIV/AIDS were diagnosed from 1986 until 2012. Epidemiological data indicated greater heterogeneity of HIV-1 positive population, including minority groups, migrants, and recent increase of men who have sex with men (MSM) and intravenous drug users (IDUs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the current molecular epidemiological picture of HIV-1 diversity among different transmission groups in Bulgaria. Materials and Methods HIV-1 diversity was analyzed in 637 (39.7 %) of all HIV/AIDS patients in the country. HIV-1 pol sequences were generated with TruGene and/or ViroSeq Genotyping Systems. The sequence alignment contained Bulgarian sequences and reference sequences from Los Alamos and GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by ML and Bayesian analysis. Recombinations were analyzed with bootscan analysis using SimPlot software. Results The most prevalent HIV-1 strain in the studied population was found to be subtype B 38.8 %. That strain was followed by CRF01_AE 20.3 %, CRF02_AG 13.8 %, subtype C 3.6 %, subtype A1 1.6 % and the rest of strains were defined as 3 different HIV-1 subtypes (F, G and H) and 7 circulating recombinant forms (05_DF, 14_BG, 03_AB, 04_cpx, 12_BF, 33_01B and 36_cpx). In addition, 30 different unique recombinant forms consisting of 18.2 % were identified. We found that unlike in the most European countries, where subtype B is dominating, non-B HIV-1 subtypes were the most prevalent in Bulgaria. Phylogenetic analysis showed multiple clusters demonstrating rapid development of sub-epidemics in different transmission groups. In addition, unequal distribution of HIV-1 clades across different regions and transmission groups of the populations were found. Moreover, we found that various viral clades were introduced in Bulgaria from abroad by migrants. Conclusions Our analysis revealed wide HIV-1 diversity and unequal distribution of different strains among MSM, IDUs and heterosexual individuals. Phylogenetic analysis showed multiple clusters demonstrating development of local-epidemics. Significant number of HIV-1 clades were introduced from abroad by migrants. Our findings indicated that providing of detailed molecular epidemiological surveillance of HIV-1 in Bulgaria is of great importance to better understand the epidemic in the country.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2014
Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare disease that occurs more frequently... more Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare disease that occurs more frequently in younger patients. Its etiopathogeny remains debated whether this is an inflammatory lesion characterized by uncontrolled cell growth or a true neoplasm. To present a case of PIMT in a young men, HIV-positive since childhood. Patient, Methods and Results: We report the case of an HIV-positive patient, aged 21 years, with collapsed immunity (CD4=23 cells/mm3), which in the second half of 2009 was clinically and radiologically diagnosed with recurrent right pneumonia. Serological tests were negative for Mycoplasma, Epstein-Barr and HHV-8 and positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Further monitoring of this episode raises imaging suspicion of the tumor in right upper pulmonary lobe. A lung wedge biopsy by thoracotomy was performed. The result of histopathological examination was suggestive for Kaposi sarcoma but required an immunohistochemical examination (vimentin, smooth muscle actin, CD3...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014
Acute diarrhea (AD) plays an important role in human pathology because of its high incidence, esp... more Acute diarrhea (AD) plays an important role in human pathology because of its high incidence, especially in children. The study aims to evaluate the etiology of AD and bacterial isolated drug resistance for hospitalized patients during July 2013 and June 2014.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2013
Parental environmental tobacco smoking and the prevalence of respiratory diseases in primary school children
Pneumologia (Bucharest, Romania)
The inhaling tobacco smoke to which a child is exposed, in a home environmental area, could affec... more The inhaling tobacco smoke to which a child is exposed, in a home environmental area, could affect respiratory system. The aim of the study consists in detecting the prevalence of respiratory diseases in home exposure to secondhand smoke among primary school children. A 6-month prospective case-control study based on questionnaire survey was carried out among school children of "Spiru Haret" Primary School, Medgidia, Romania, with absences for respiratory diseases, related to exposure to parental passive smoking, in their home environmental. 136 school children and their families informed, consented to complete the questionnaire and were surveyed for respiratory diseases and domestic environmental tobacco smoking, from the 1st of October, 2011 to the 31st March, 2012. The method consists in collecting data about any respiratory illness events, correlating them with the questionnaire --reports of parental smoking in home environmental. Participants were divided in 88 cases ...
Medicina, 2022
Background and Objectives: The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in chil... more Background and Objectives: The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children in Romania has been reported since 1989. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing clinical and biological risk factors for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in two HIV-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Regional Centers (RCs), Constanta and Craiova in Romania. Materials and Methods: During the study period (2008–2019), 408 HIV-positive pregnant women, 244 from Constanta RC and 164 from Craiova RC who attended antenatal visits, were included. All HIV-positive pregnant women were under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) during pregnancy and childbirth, being followedup with their infants up to 18 months after delivery. We investigated the clinical as well as biological risk factorsassociated with increased MTCT of HIV. Results: Comparing different variables of HIV-positive pregnant women from the two HIV-AIDS CRs, we find that there are significant differen...
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2022
Application of paraclinical methods for investigating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been ... more Application of paraclinical methods for investigating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been a subject of constant controversy due to the absence of universally-accepted criteria and lack of consensus regarding their usage. Compared with medical imaging, which provides a structural analysis of the TMJ, axiography involves the functional recording of condylar movements. The aim of the present study was to explore the diagnostic value of computerized axiography for TMJ disc displacements using MRI as the reference standard. The present study included 33 (66 TMJs) patients clinically diagnosed with TMJ disc displacements. On the same day, all patients underwent clinical examination and computerized axiography measurements using Cadiax Compact ® II before undergoing MRI (1.5 T) 1-7 days later. The characteristics of the diagnostic parameters, namely sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, Youden index and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), were all computed. Compared with MRI, computerized axiography yielded a sensitivity of 85.11%, specificity of 94.74%, positive predictive value of 97.56%, negative predictive value of 72% and a diagnostic accuracy of 87.88% for any disc displacements. This suggests that computerized axiography can confer high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of TMJ disc displacements. However, axiographic analysis has no diagnostic significance in TMJ function if not associated with clinical examination.
Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2017
Our study included 505 children hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Cons... more Our study included 505 children hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Constanta in 2011-2012 with gastroenteritis with rotavirus. We analyzed the medical records of the patients and extracted demographic data, temperature, and frequency of vomiting and diarrheic stools. We divided the group of cases into 4 groups associated with: respiratory disease (RD) – 160 cases, digestive disease (DD) – 52 cases, eruptive disease (ED) – 11 cases, and a group without other associated diseases (simple) – 282 cases. We found significant differences between the four groups regarding the number of stools, the number of vomiting per day, the mean value of maximum temperature, the mean value of hospitalization.
Rapid Molecular Diagnosis Of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Eastern Region of Romania
Tuberculosis, 2020
The Influence of Perinatal Education on Breastfeeding Decision and Duration
International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 2018
Objectives: to evaluate factors influencing breastfeeding duration in an integrative model, consi... more Objectives: to evaluate factors influencing breastfeeding duration in an integrative model, considering both the organization of medical care and the perinatal education. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study with data collected in a face to face interview of 1,008 mothers with children aged between 9 and 14 months The questionnaire focused on the main characteristics of a Mother-Baby Friendly Hospital initiative and the type of perinatal education received by pregnant women. Correlation and partial correlation tests, non-parametric tests and classification tests were applied. Data were processed in SPSS 12.0 software. Results: The positive effects of Mother Baby Friendly Hospitals Organization initiative organization were confirmed. However, the main differentiator for breastfeeding duration was the level of formal education of pregnant mothers and the active seeking of perinatal education (r = 0.22, p< 0.001). The perinatal counseling was correlated with breastfeeding duration only for the subgroup participating to structured, dedicated time slot apart from the regular medical consultation (r = 0.079; p = 0.014), independently of mother's age, education, residence, time to first breastfeeding contact, type of birth delivery and rooming in. Our results support a broader approach to perinatal education than medical counseling during pregnancy to increase the voluntary participation of future mothers to the perinatal educational programs. Conclusion: As mothers' motivation to maintain the optimum duration of breastfeeding is a determinant factor, an earlier and sustained educational process, before pregnancy and after birth delivery, is necessary in order to create a general favorability for exclusive breastfeeding.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2014
BACKGROUND Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare disease that occurs more... more BACKGROUND Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare disease that occurs more frequently in younger patients. Its etiopathogeny remains debated whether this is an inflammatory lesion characterized by uncontrolled cell growth or a true neoplasm. AIM To present a case of PIMT in a young men, HIV-positive since childhood. Patient, Methods and Results: We report the case of an HIV-positive patient, aged 21 years, with collapsed immunity (CD4=23 cells/mm3), which in the second half of 2009 was clinically and radiologically diagnosed with recurrent right pneumonia. Serological tests were negative for Mycoplasma, Epstein-Barr and HHV-8 and positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Further monitoring of this episode raises imaging suspicion of the tumor in right upper pulmonary lobe. A lung wedge biopsy by thoracotomy was performed. The result of histopathological examination was suggestive for Kaposi sarcoma but required an immunohistochemical examination (vimentin, smooth mu...
The risk of tuberculosis disease among HIV infected patients after 2 years of follow up
European Respiratory Journal, 2011
Background: The risk of developing Tuberculosis (TB) disease is considered to be up to 7-10% each... more Background: The risk of developing Tuberculosis (TB) disease is considered to be up to 7-10% each year for persons who are infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV, whereas it is of 10% over a lifetime for persons infected only with MTB. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of TB disease among HIV infected persons, based on different clues for tuberculosis9 positive diagnosis, in a TB burden area, Constanta County. Design: Prospective study started in 01 February 2009, ended in 31 January 2011. Material and methods: Evaluation for TB disease diagnosis was done in 51 HIV patients with initiated active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after 1996 and included medical history, physical examination, Mantoux Tuberculin skin test, chest X-ray, Bactec 9050 blood culture results, bacteriological exam (Acid Fast Stains smear and Lowenstein Jensen cultures). All 51 HIV infected patients were monitored 2 years in order to diagnose the active TB diseases. Results: The stu...
Introduction. La gastro-entérite à rotavirus est la principale cause de diarrhée sévère chez les ... more Introduction. La gastro-entérite à rotavirus est la principale cause de diarrhée sévère chez les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants. Objectifs. Nous avons essayé à évaluer les aspects cliniques de la maladie rotavirale par rapport à la gastro-entérite non rotavirale. Méthodes. Nous avons effectué une étude d›observation, rétrospective qui comprenait des enfants hospitalisés à l’hôpital clinique de maladies infectieuses de Constanta, entre 2011-2012. Nous avons analysé les dossiers médicaux des patients en insistant sur les données démographiques, la température, la fréquence des vomissements et des selles diarrhéiques, le degré de déshydratation, la durée de réhydratation par voie parentérale et l’hospitalisation. Nous avons comparé deux groupes d’enfants: 505 avec la maladie rotavirale et 100 avec une maladie non rotavirale. Résultats. Il y avait des différences statistiquement significatives (p=0,001) entre l’âge moyen pour les deux groupes, le nombre de jours d’hospitalisation, le...
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Papers by Claudia Cambrea