Papers by Chanagun Chitmanat
The book is designed, to serve as a textbook for students in fisheries, mainly in aquaculture. Th... more The book is designed, to serve as a textbook for students in fisheries, mainly in aquaculture. The book covers: Meaning of environmental managemet, processes (management, main, support) and process maps, ISO 14001, EMAS, ISO 19011; legal framework in environmental protection; (internal) environmental audit; determination and evaluation of environmental aspects, creation of process and work instructions. The integrated excercises are mostly skill oriented and will prepare the reader to act in coherence with the environmental management system of their (future) employers.
Review of vaccine development for fish disease prevention
Warasan Kan Pramong, 2001
The purpose of this research was to determine the most suitable protein level and best fish feed ... more The purpose of this research was to determine the most suitable protein level and best fish feed pellet types on the growth performance and production of red tilapia derived from cage culture in the Huai Pae Reservoir, Tombon Naprang, Amphoe Pong, Phayao Provinces. Red tilapia were fed with either 30% protein floating pellet or 20% protein sinking pellet. Each treatment consisted of 5 cages. Fish were randomly sampled once a month to compare growth rate, survival rate, and gained benefits. It was found that there were no significant differences in growth rates at the first month; however, there were significant differences after 2 months of rearing (P < 0.05). Feed cost for fish receiving 30% protein floating pellets was 38.90 baht/ 1 kg of fish with 11,038 baht of income/cage. On the other hand, feed cost for fish receiving 20% protein sinking pellets was 30.50 baht/ 1 kg of fish with 14,968 baht of income/cage. The survival rates of red tilapia fed with 30% protein floating pellet and 20% protein sinking pellet were 77.62 % and 82.93 %, respectively. Although feeding tilapia with 30% protein floating pellets provided better growth, the cost would be higher while survival rates were lower. So the benefit gained from feeding tilapia with 30% protein floating pellets was lower than feeding fish with 20% protein sinking pellets.
Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on the blood parameters of Mekong Giant Catfish (Pangasianodon gigas)
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2012
Efficacy of Dietary Nano-quercetin on Growth, Innate Immune Responses, and Resistance of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae Infection
Burapha Science Journal (วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์บูรพา ), Oct 5, 2021
Study of the Effect of Gypsum and Rice Straw Extract on the Control of Earthy-Musty Odor in Tilapia Culture Pond
Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, Nov 4, 2015
Dietary effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (TISTR 912) on digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of black sharkminnow (Labeo chrysophekadion) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection
Aquaculture Reports, Dec 1, 2022
Burapha Science Journal (วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์บูรพา ), May 1, 2020
Herbs have been applied for immune stimulation and disease prevention for years. However, the app... more Herbs have been applied for immune stimulation and disease prevention for years. However, the application of them as alternatives for chemicals and antibiotics in aquaculture business is still insignificant. This article aimed to review the research of the use of medicinal plants for growth improvement, prevention and treatment of fish diseases. As each parts of plants provides the different active ingredients, the outcomes are dissimilar. The dosages, administration methods, and duration are important factors affecting immunity. Some plants are inexpensive but high protein which are possibly suitable to replace fishmeal. Oral administration as an additive feed is the most practical and preferable method ranging from 0.1-5% for 7-60 days. The commercial products have been developed; however, the effective results from farms are limited.
Microbiological degradation of off-flavor (Geosmin and MIB) isolated from aquaculture sytem
Fishes
This study aimed to assess the impacts of dietary supplementation with passionfruit (Passiflora e... more This study aimed to assess the impacts of dietary supplementation with passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) peel powder (PSPP) on the growth, immune response, and expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) maintained in a biofloc system. Fish were fed basal diets supplemented with different doses of PSPP at 10 g kg−1 (PSPP10), 20 g kg−1 (PSPP20), 40 g kg−1 (PSPP40), and 80 g kg−1 (PSPP80). The basal diet, without PSPP-supplementation, was used as a control at 0 g kg−1 (PSPP0). We observed that the dietary supplementation groups fed different levels of PSPP exhibited no substantial difference or only slight increases in growth performance and immunological response in Nile tilapia (p > 0.05), whereas fish fed diets supplemented with PSPP at concentrations of 10 g kg−1, 20 g kg−1, and 40 g kg−1 had significantly higher mRNA transcripts (approximately 1.5–4.5 fold) of immune (il-1, il-8, and lbp) and antioxidant (gst-α, gpx, and gsr) gene ...
Effects of vitamin C dietary supplementation on growth, food conversion ratio and survival rate of Maekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey)
Acta Horticulturae, 2005
Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is one of the most economically important fishery products of Tha... more Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is one of the most economically important fishery products of Thailand with export viability. Unfortunately, disease losses cause a major problem in the production of farmed tilapia. Most farmers have been using chemicals and antibiotics to treat fish pathogens which leads to the creation of antibiotic resistant pathogens and undesired residues in the fish and in the environment. Food safety is currently a great concern worldwide and Thailand's inspectors are now finding antibiotic residues in exported fish products. The purpose of the present research is to apply the Indian almond, Terminalia catappa, as an alternative to the use of chemicals and antibiotics in the aquaculture industry. Dried leaves of Indian almond were ground and dissolved in water. A variety of concentrations of this solution were used to determine resulting activities against tilapia pathogens. The results indicated that Trichodina, fish ectoparasites, were eradicated at 800 ppm. The growth of two strains of Aeromonas hydrophila was also inhibited at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml Indian almond leaves upward. In addition, this solution can reduce the fungal infection in tilapia eggs. Research is underway to determine the toxicity of this solution, if any, on tilapia and the isolation of the active ingredients in the Indian almond for fish pathogen treatment.
Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2023
T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide... more T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-...
Synergistic Effects of Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis Dietary Supplementation on Growth, Innate Immune Responses, and Protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Chiang Mai Journal of Science
T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide... more T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-...
International Aquatic Research, 2015
Episodes of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of ammonia are major c... more Episodes of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of ammonia are major causes of fish stress, which in turn, reduces growth and increases mortality rates in aquaculture ponds. This study measured the effects of water de-stratification on dissolved oxygen and ammonia concentrations in tilapia ponds in Northern Thailand. Fifteen ponds in five provinces in Northern Thailand were sampled on multiple dates in the hot, wet, and dry seasons. Thermal water stratification peaked around 14:00-16:00 h each day; wherein the differences between surface and lower water temperatures in the 0.8-2.0 m deep ponds reached 1.3-4.0°C. Thermal de-stratification in the hot season and dry season usually occurred late at night; in the wet season however, it occurred early in the evening due to the cooling effects of rain. The mixing of surface and bottom waters decreased dissolved oxygen levels in water near the surface, and, increased concentration levels in the bottom water layer. Mean DO concentrations of integrated and commercial ponds were lower than 1 mg/L from 02:00 to 06:00 h, in 68 % of the observations. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis showed that water depth and fish culture systems have significant effects on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). TAN concentrations near the surface were lower than at the bottom, and increased after water destratification. TAN in the integrated culture system was significantly higher than in commercial and subsistence systems. Toxic, un-ionized ammonia (NH 3) concentrations in all culture systems, however, were still lower than standard toxicity level for tilapia. The improved understanding of the seasonal and culture-system specific effects of de-stratification on pond water quality provided by this study, are useful for improving pond management practices to reduce the risks of exceeding DO thresholds. In particular, fish farmers should: (1) take care to avoid over-feeding and manage water and sediments to prevent excessive accumulation of organic matter and waste at the bottom of ponds, which can influence other water quality parameters; and, (2) use aeration and mechanical mixing interventions at critical times to reduce stress on fish from low DO concentrations, and thus avoid risks of mass mortality events.
Risk of impacts from extreme weather and climate in river-based tilapia cage culture in Northern Thailand
International Journal of Global Warming, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the direct impacts of extreme weather, high and low flow events, sea... more ABSTRACT This paper analyses the direct impacts of extreme weather, high and low flow events, seasonality and other climate-related phenomena on river-based tilapia cage aquaculture in Northern Thailand. An interdisciplinary approach was taken, which included analysis of secondary water flow and meteorological data, quantitative and qualitative surveys of farmers experiences with extreme events, and direct observations during critical periods. Findings show that extreme high and low flows adversely impact a substantial fraction of farms, causing damage to cages, fish deaths, slow growth and disease problems. Economic losses are significant and result in financial debt. Compensation and assistance following floods is modest relative to losses, and coverage is incomplete. Probability of extreme flows and impacts vary among locations, are highly seasonal, and vary inter-annually. These findings are important to improving management of climate-related risks, under both current and future climatic conditions.
Climate risk management in river-based tilapia cage culture in northern Thailand
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2015
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015
Bacteria are very vital organisms in aquaponic system decomposing and converting the toxic compon... more Bacteria are very vital organisms in aquaponic system decomposing and converting the toxic components of the fish waste into usable vegetable nutrients; however, some unwanted bacteria could cause fish diseases. The purposes of this research were to compare the amount of bacteria in water from aquaponic catfish cultured in different stocking densities and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA was applied to characterise the bacterial populations. Three different stocking densities; 80, 100 and 120 fish/m 2 of hybrid catfish were cultured in aquaponic system. Each treatment contained 3 replications; Treatment 1, 360 catfish (80 fish/m 2 , without lettuce); Treatment 2, 360 catfish (80 fish/m 2 , without lettuce); Treatment 3, 450 catfish (100 fish/m 2); and treatment 4, 540 catfish (120 fish/m 2). This research was conducted for 4 months. Water was sampled two times before fish stocking, it was found that the number of bacteria in the first week were higher than the third week. The average number of bacteria in water from treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were (2.49 ± 0.40) ×10 7 , (2.43 ± 0.23) ×10 7 , (2.48 ± 2.22) ×10 7 and (2.29 ± 2.38) ×10 7 Colonies forming unit (CFU)/ml respectively. According to four-time samplings after catfish were stocked, the average number of bacteria in water from treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were (1.85 ± 0.53) ×10 7 , (2.73 ± 0.15) ×10 7 , (2.45 ± 0.30) ×10 7 and (2.24 ± 0.19) ×10 7 CFU/ml respectively. The average number of bacteria in water after lettuce harvest from treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were (0.185 ± 0.04) ×10 7 , (0.26 ± 0.04) ×10 7 , (0.30 ± 0.01) ×10 7 and (0.29 ± 0.05) ×10 7 CFU/ml respectively. There were no differences in bacterial counts among treatments (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the number of bacteria in filter tanks (p > 0.05) and the number were quite similar to the ones in catfish tanks. Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare infected catfish at the beginning of the experiment; however, it got better and no more death found after acclimation. The DGGE analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that bacterial populations in water were dominated by Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that enrofloxacin might be the best option for bacterial infection treatment. The results indicate that aquaponic system could reduce the wastewater from catfish culture; however, maintaining a good water quality environment for fish culture should take into account.
Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 2014
Association among growth performance, sex hormone levels, and gonad histology of fifty-four one y... more Association among growth performance, sex hormone levels, and gonad histology of fifty-four one year old hybrid F 2 (Pangasianodon gigas x P. hypophthalmus) were mekong giant catfish and striped catfish hybrids, observations were made during the following periods prespawning (March), spawning (June), and post-spawning (October). The overall weight gains of female (174.5±41.3 to 431.8±41.3 g) and male fish (170.0±51.7 to 537.1±51.7 g) were similar. The, average daily gain (ADG of males collected in October (3.24±0.3 g/day) was higher than in June and March. Similarly, the specific growth rate (SGR) of female (0.18±0.02) and male fish (0.25±0.03) were higher in October than in June and March. The highest testosterone values in male fish were observed in June. Gonad histology revealed that spermatozoa were always present in the testes. However, no mature ovaries were observed. More collecting data are needed for further study. However, initiation phase showed that the results indicate that male hybrids mature more quickly than female hybrids the first two years of life. This study showed there was potential for future selective breeding programs with mekong giant catfish and striped catfish hybrids.
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Papers by Chanagun Chitmanat