Papers by Carolyn O'Fallon
In New Zealand as elsewhere, there is an increasing interest in alleviating congestion on the roa... more In New Zealand as elsewhere, there is an increasing interest in alleviating congestion on the road transport network to improve economic productivity, reduce pollution, and to use the transport network more effectively. Governments enact various policies to encourage car drivers to change their behaviour, but often find that the full impact is not reached. We propose that car drivers have constraints influencing their mode choice for the morning peak period trip. A stated preference experiment conducted in the three largest New Zealand urban areas identifies these constraints and their impact on a series of policy initiatives designed to influence car driver behaviour.
In 2008, we reformulated the 2004-07 Ongoing New Zealand Household Travel Survey trips dataset in... more In 2008, we reformulated the 2004-07 Ongoing New Zealand Household Travel Survey trips dataset into trip chains and tours. We based this on our previous reformulation of the 1997/98 New Zealand Household Travel Survey dataset. Trip chains and tours are combinations of the basic unit of these surveys, the trip leg. For example, if I drive home from work but stop briefly twice (e.g., to get a newspaper, and later to pick up children), that travel comprises three trip legs but only one trip chain. Using the reformulated datasets, we made comparisons between New Zealanders' travel patterns in 1997/98 and the four-year period of 2004-07 and commented on the emergence of some trends in New Zealand travel behaviour.
Recently there has been an increasing interest by various Government agencies, Regional Councils ... more Recently there has been an increasing interest by various Government agencies, Regional Councils and the general public in "short trips" in New Zealand, particularly with respect to how to replace short car trips (
Summary A Walking School Bus (WSB) is an alternative method for children to travel to and from sc... more Summary A Walking School Bus (WSB) is an alternative method for children to travel to and from school. Adult volunteers walk a set route to school, collecting children from designated stops along the way. In 2000, we trialed WSB "networks" at 4 schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, to address the trend of increasing numbers of children being driven to school and the congestion, air pollution, and safety problems that go with it. Our evaluation shows that WSB networks are a clear success because nearly 10% of the children are regular users. Over 60% of these children had previously been driven to and from school. Furthermore, the WSB networks led to reduced petrol consumption and CO 2 emissions, saved parents time, and increased physical activity levels for everyone involved. They were self- sustaining even after a 2-month summer break. Our guidelines are being distributed by government organisations and have been used to establish new WSB networks in Christchurch and other...
This paper provides guidance to local authorities and others who may wish to apply a personalised... more This paper provides guidance to local authorities and others who may wish to apply a personalised marketing programme in a given area and to measure the impact of such an intervention. 'Personalised Marketing' is used to describe a programme aimed at changing people's travel behaviour by a combination of education, persuasion and provision of personalised information to either individual households or individual people. One of the best-known personalised marketing programmes in Australasia and Europe is "IndiMark"® or "individualised marketing"". Various personalised marketing demonstration programmes have claimed substantial success in decreasing car use and increasing trips by alternative modes, thereby convincing some local authorities that such programmes may be the "panacea" to congestion problems in urban areas. Our recent involvement in helping to plan the evaluation of a personalised marketing trial in Birkenhead (Auckland, N...
UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING WEEKEND TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Weekend traffic congestion in the major urban centres in New Zealand has increased to the point w... more Weekend traffic congestion in the major urban centres in New Zealand has increased to the point where it is viewed as rivalling the weekday peak period commuting times. Regional and local government policy makers and planners are considering what action should be taken to manage weekend traffic. However, apart from alcohol and crash data analysis, very little study has been done internationally or in New Zealand to understand weekend travel behaviour and how to manage it. In this initial investigation, we have analysed data from the 1997/98 New Zealand Household Travel Survey for the three main urban centres (Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch) to identify the characteristics of weekend travel patterns compared with weekday travel behaviour. The variables considered include age, gender, mode, journey purpose, household characteristics, and vehicle occupancy, among others. Based on the characteristics of weekend travel patterns and other research efforts, we discuss how managing ...
Trends in older people's travel patterns: Analysing changes in older New Zealanders' travel patterns using the Ongoing New Zealand Household Travel Survey
We updated our earlier study of older people’s travel patterns using the 1997/98 New Zealand Hous... more We updated our earlier study of older people’s travel patterns using the 1997/98 New Zealand Household Travel Survey (NZHTS) with a comparative analysis using the recently compiled 2004–07 Ongoing NZHTS database (ONZHTS). We found that older people (60+) travelled distinctively less than the general adult population (aged 25–59), whether one looked at the total or mean number of trip segments per day, the typical distance per trip segment, mean distance per day using ‘surface transport’ or mean distance per day driven. The total number and mean number of trip segments and distances travelled declined steadily across the age groups (25–59, 60–64, 65–74 and 75+). Between 1997/98 and 2004–07, older people as a group increased their volume of travel considerably, especially their driver trips (from 174.5 million per year to 364 million) and distance driven (from 1040 million km to 2500 million km). Older drivers (60+) formed a significantly higher proportion of the vehicle traffic strea...
Transport Policy, 2004
In New Zealand as elsewhere, there is an increasing interest in alleviating congestion on the roa... more In New Zealand as elsewhere, there is an increasing interest in alleviating congestion on the road transport network to improve economic productivity, reduce pollution, and to use the transport network more effectively. Governments enact various policies to encourage car drivers to change their behaviour, but often find that the full impact is not reached. We propose that car drivers have constraints influencing their mode choice for the morning peak period trip (e.g. needing to transport children, needing a car for work during the day). A stated preference experiment conducted in the three largest New Zealand urban areas not only quantifies the likely impact of a wide range of policy tools (both 'sticks' discouraging car use, and 'carrots' encouraging alternative modes) for each area, but also identifies many significant constraints. q
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Papers by Carolyn O'Fallon