Proceedings of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization
In many situations, it remains critical for team members to develop strategies to effectively use... more In many situations, it remains critical for team members to develop strategies to effectively use the space and tools available to complete demanding tasks. However, despite the availability of sensors and analytics for instrumenting physical space, relatively little progress has been made in modelling the embodied dimensions of co-located teamwork. This paper explores an in-the-wild pilot study through which we explore a methodology to model embodied mobility teamwork strategies in the context of healthcare education. We developed the means for tracking, clustering and processing student-nurses' mobility data around a patient manikin. We illustrate the feasibility of our approach by discussing ways to make sense of these data to uncover meaningful trends, and the inherent challenges of applying physical space analytics in authentic settings.
Providing immediate, effective feedback on team and individual performance in healthcare simulati... more Providing immediate, effective feedback on team and individual performance in healthcare simulations is a challenging task for educators, such is their complexity. Focusing on emergency procedures on patient manikins, our prior work has demonstrated the feasibility of using multimodal data capture and analysis to generate visualisations of student movement, talk and treatment actions. The limitation to date has been the need for manual steps in the analytic workflow. This paper documents how we have automated several key steps, using new technologies, which were piloted during a nursing simulation. Combining role-based nurses' movement data with high fidelity manikin logs, we have implemented a zone-based classification model, and are able to automatically visualise movements within an emergency response team, providing the data needed to design near real-time feedback for both educators and students.
Research has demonstrated that students who have immersive experiences in Indigenous settings eme... more Research has demonstrated that students who have immersive experiences in Indigenous settings emerge with a greater understanding of their own values and attitudes and increased appreciation for Indigenous Peoples and culture. Up to 80% of Indigenous people in Australia live in urban settings, yet research on nursing students' placements in urban Indigenous organisations is scarce. This manuscript presents qualitative findings from the analysis of eight third year nursing student's reflective essays, written iteratively across a three-week placement in urban Aboriginal organisations. Reflective journaling was employed as a pedagogical method. All the students reported experiencing profound personal and professional growth. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes 'Working with experience and uncertainty', 'Developing acceptance and understanding' and Becoming allies and advocates'. From the findings, it is evident that despite the logistical issues of a small Indigenous population and a vast nursing cohort, it is important to ensure that all nursing students have opportunities to engage authentically with Indigenous people, in places and spaces of Indigenous authority, and opportunities to reflect on their learnings in the context of their previous understandings.
for acting in the video; Ms. Renuka Chalk for producing the video; the simulation technician Mr. ... more for acting in the video; Ms. Renuka Chalk for producing the video; the simulation technician Mr. Michael Cabauatan from the Faculty of Health for being the 'patients' voice; A/Prof Michelle Kelly for inspiring us to carry out this initiative; and the laboratory staff of the Faculty of Health for managing the requirements of this initiative. This work received financial support from the Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning,
Innovations in simulation in nursing and health care continue to be developed as creative and com... more Innovations in simulation in nursing and health care continue to be developed as creative and committed educators respond to challenges of providing pedagogically sound, engaging and effective learning experiences for large student cohorts. Time-pressed educators may find it difficult to network with others working in simulation-based learning, and thus, it is useful to provide summaries or snapshots to provide a brief overview of activities in various countries using simulation in a variety of ways. The purpose of this paper is to profile a diverse range of innovative, cost-effective, and tested simulation approaches that have been implemented in healthcare programs by nursing educators from a range of countries to spark creativity. Each strategy was designed to address contemporary and critical practice issues. They facilitate immersion in authentic clinical scenarios, increase students' awareness of cues in the environment that may compromise health and safety, and prepare students for cultural or clinical realities that they may not routinely encounter because of the inherent restrictions associated with clinical placements.
section of this article. The text should read: "Written reflections were completed and submitted ... more section of this article. The text should read: "Written reflections were completed and submitted over the following 2 weeks to extend the reflective learning process and review the impact of the experience from the student perspective". The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Teaching of pathophysiology concepts is a core feature in health professional programs, but it ca... more Teaching of pathophysiology concepts is a core feature in health professional programs, but it can be challenging in undergraduate medical/biomedical science education, which is often highly theoretical when delivered by lectures and pen-and-paper tutorials. Authentic case studies allow students to apply their theoretical knowledge but still require good imagination on the part of the students. Lecture content can be reinforced through practical learning experiences in clinical environments. In this study, we report a new approach using clinical simulation within a Human Pathophysiology course to enable undergraduate science students to see "pathophysiology in action" in a clinical setting. Students role played health professionals, and, in these roles, they were able to interact with each other and the manikin "patient," take a medical history, perform a physical examination and consider relevant treatments. Evaluation of students' experiences suggests that ...
BACKGROUND: Medication errors are a global phenomenon. Each year Australia-wide there are up to 9... more BACKGROUND: Medication errors are a global phenomenon. Each year Australia-wide there are up to 96,000 preventable medication errors and in the United States there are approximately 450,000 preventable medication errors. One of the leading causes of errors is interruption yet some interruptions are unavoidable. In the interest of patient safety, nurses need to not only understand the impact of interruptions, but also be empowered with the knowledge and skills required to develop effective interruption management strategies. Well-planned simulation experiences have the potential to expose students to authentic clinical cases, otherwise unavailable to them, building critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills and preparing them for practice. AIM: This paper describes a simulated role-play experience that was developed to enable undergraduate nurses to experience, reflect on and analyse their responses to interruptions during medication administration. METHODS: The simulation design presented in this paper was underpinned by both nursing and educational theorists, in combination with established simulation frameworks. SETTING and PARTICIPANTS: Embedded within a clinical subject in 2013, the simulation experience was run over two campuses within a large Australian University. Participants included 528 second year undergraduate nursing students and 8 academic teaching staff. OUTCOME MAPPING: To stimulate reflective learning debriefing immediately followed the simulation experience. Written reflections were completed and submitted over the
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2019
Background: Simulation is an effective strategy for enhancing interprofessional education (IPE) a... more Background: Simulation is an effective strategy for enhancing interprofessional education (IPE) and collaboration (IPC). Objectives: A novel interprofessional learning model, The RIPE Model (Reflective Interprofessional Education Model) was applied for a pilot study during a simulation laboratory aimed to (i) enhance pharmacy and nursing students' understanding of the roles and responsibilities of professions within the multidisciplinary healthcare team; and (ii) enhance the importance of working collaboratively in team-based care. Methods: The pilot study using a mixed-methods approach, including the administration of a 6-item student survey on a 6-point Likert-type scale as a pre-test (prior to participation in the simulation laboratory) and post-test (after participation in the simulation laboratory), and a debriefing session eliciting a follow up written reflective statement. Results: Sixty-four students (n=56 pharmacy; n=8 nursing) participated in the study which resulted n=52 pharmacy students and n=8 nursing students matched data to a pre-test and post-test survey, analyzed via paired t-tests. Statistically significant results (p<0.05) reported a positive increase in pharmacy students' perceptions from the pre-test and post-test survey for all six items indicating the extent of agreement of IPC; and for one item on the nursing student survey. Qualitative analysis of reflective statements (n=62) was conducted via thematic analysis utilizing Braun and Clarke's 6-phase process. Thematic analysis generated one overarching theme: IPC: Developing appreciation and respect for healthcare team members to improve patient outcomes; and three subthemes: (i) Enhanced decisionmaking; (ii) Communication and collaboration; (iii) New understandings of roles and responsibilities. Conclusions: Students perceived that utilizing the RIPE Model of learning involving simulation to enhance interprofessional collaboration assisted their understanding of the roles, functions and responsibilities of other healthcare professionals involved the patient
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology
PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR) lends itself to communication rehabilitation by creating safe, repli... more PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR) lends itself to communication rehabilitation by creating safe, replicable, and authentic simulated environments in which users learn and practice communication skills. The aim of this research was to obtain the views of health professionals and technology specialists on the design characteristics and usability of a prototype VR application for communication rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine professionals from different health and technology disciplines participated in an online focus group or individual online interview to evaluate the application and use of the VR prototype. Data sources were analysed using a content thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes relating to VR design and implementation in rehabilitation were identified: (i) designing rehabilitation-focused virtual worlds; (ii) understanding and using VR hardware; (iii) making room for VR in rehabilitation and training; and (iv) implementing VR will not replace the health professional's role. DISCUSSION Health professionals and technology specialists engaged in co-design while evaluating the VR prototype. They identified software features requiring careful consideration to ensure improved usability, client safety, and success in communication rehabilitation outcomes. Continuing inclusive co-design, engaging health professionals, clients with communication disability, and their families will be essential to creating useable VR applications and integrating these successfully into rehabilitation. Implications for rehabilitationHealth and technology professionals, along with clients, are integral to the co-design of new VR technology applications.Design of VR applications needs to consider the client's communication, physical, cognitive, sensory, psychosocial, and emotional needs for greater usability of these programs.Realism and authenticity of interactions, characters, and environments are considered important factors to allow users to be fully immersed in virtual simulations to enhance rehabilitation.
BACKGROUND Providing authentic educational experiences in clinical teaching laboratories or healt... more BACKGROUND Providing authentic educational experiences in clinical teaching laboratories or health care simulation environments is fundamental to producing optimum learning. However, some simulated diagnostic devices are price prohibitive or yet to be developed. This article explores a collaborative effort between health academics and engineering interns to develop cost-effective, authentic devices that overcome limitations of those currently available. METHOD Simulated patient tympanic thermometer and pulse oximetry devices were developed for use in clinical teaching laboratories and health care simulation environments. RESULTS The tympanic thermometers and pulse oximetry probes provide programmable temperature, pulse, and oxygen saturation for use with any commercially available manikins or standardized patients. CONCLUSION Authentic simulated diagnostic devices can enhance reality and foster immersion in clinical simulation scenarios. Sharing cost-effective innovations designed to address the simulation-specific limitations of commercially available diagnostic devices provides health care educators with solutions that can enhance the authenticity of clinical teaching experiences for participants. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(4):235-239.].
Abstract Background Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflection and the ability to transfe... more Abstract Background Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflection and the ability to transfer learning into clinical practice. Aim To evaluate faculty debriefing to inform and guide the development of ongoing resources to support adjunct faculty members and to maximise learning potential for students. Method Faculty debriefing styles were evaluated following a high-fidelity simulation involving 720 first year undergraduate nursing students. One audio recording of a debrief was randomly selected from each of 12 faculty members. If a pre-brief was completed prior to the simulation, this was also selected as it is a component of the debrief and sets the tone prior to the simulation. Initial analysis was undertaken using the validated observational structured assessment of debriefing tool (OSAD) to briefly highlight different debriefing styles. This facilitated the thematic analysis of the data using Braun and Clarkes (2006) six step process. Results Nursing faculty used open-ended questions, silence and clinical feedback with varying levels of expertise and success. Conclusions Further research into the effect on the variation in debriefing styles, and it's related impact on student learning outcomes is needed.
Proceedings of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization
In many situations, it remains critical for team members to develop strategies to effectively use... more In many situations, it remains critical for team members to develop strategies to effectively use the space and tools available to complete demanding tasks. However, despite the availability of sensors and analytics for instrumenting physical space, relatively little progress has been made in modelling the embodied dimensions of co-located teamwork. This paper explores an in-the-wild pilot study through which we explore a methodology to model embodied mobility teamwork strategies in the context of healthcare education. We developed the means for tracking, clustering and processing student-nurses' mobility data around a patient manikin. We illustrate the feasibility of our approach by discussing ways to make sense of these data to uncover meaningful trends, and the inherent challenges of applying physical space analytics in authentic settings.
Providing immediate, effective feedback on team and individual performance in healthcare simulati... more Providing immediate, effective feedback on team and individual performance in healthcare simulations is a challenging task for educators, such is their complexity. Focusing on emergency procedures on patient manikins, our prior work has demonstrated the feasibility of using multimodal data capture and analysis to generate visualisations of student movement, talk and treatment actions. The limitation to date has been the need for manual steps in the analytic workflow. This paper documents how we have automated several key steps, using new technologies, which were piloted during a nursing simulation. Combining role-based nurses' movement data with high fidelity manikin logs, we have implemented a zone-based classification model, and are able to automatically visualise movements within an emergency response team, providing the data needed to design near real-time feedback for both educators and students.
Research has demonstrated that students who have immersive experiences in Indigenous settings eme... more Research has demonstrated that students who have immersive experiences in Indigenous settings emerge with a greater understanding of their own values and attitudes and increased appreciation for Indigenous Peoples and culture. Up to 80% of Indigenous people in Australia live in urban settings, yet research on nursing students' placements in urban Indigenous organisations is scarce. This manuscript presents qualitative findings from the analysis of eight third year nursing student's reflective essays, written iteratively across a three-week placement in urban Aboriginal organisations. Reflective journaling was employed as a pedagogical method. All the students reported experiencing profound personal and professional growth. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes 'Working with experience and uncertainty', 'Developing acceptance and understanding' and Becoming allies and advocates'. From the findings, it is evident that despite the logistical issues of a small Indigenous population and a vast nursing cohort, it is important to ensure that all nursing students have opportunities to engage authentically with Indigenous people, in places and spaces of Indigenous authority, and opportunities to reflect on their learnings in the context of their previous understandings.
for acting in the video; Ms. Renuka Chalk for producing the video; the simulation technician Mr. ... more for acting in the video; Ms. Renuka Chalk for producing the video; the simulation technician Mr. Michael Cabauatan from the Faculty of Health for being the 'patients' voice; A/Prof Michelle Kelly for inspiring us to carry out this initiative; and the laboratory staff of the Faculty of Health for managing the requirements of this initiative. This work received financial support from the Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning,
Innovations in simulation in nursing and health care continue to be developed as creative and com... more Innovations in simulation in nursing and health care continue to be developed as creative and committed educators respond to challenges of providing pedagogically sound, engaging and effective learning experiences for large student cohorts. Time-pressed educators may find it difficult to network with others working in simulation-based learning, and thus, it is useful to provide summaries or snapshots to provide a brief overview of activities in various countries using simulation in a variety of ways. The purpose of this paper is to profile a diverse range of innovative, cost-effective, and tested simulation approaches that have been implemented in healthcare programs by nursing educators from a range of countries to spark creativity. Each strategy was designed to address contemporary and critical practice issues. They facilitate immersion in authentic clinical scenarios, increase students' awareness of cues in the environment that may compromise health and safety, and prepare students for cultural or clinical realities that they may not routinely encounter because of the inherent restrictions associated with clinical placements.
section of this article. The text should read: "Written reflections were completed and submitted ... more section of this article. The text should read: "Written reflections were completed and submitted over the following 2 weeks to extend the reflective learning process and review the impact of the experience from the student perspective". The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Teaching of pathophysiology concepts is a core feature in health professional programs, but it ca... more Teaching of pathophysiology concepts is a core feature in health professional programs, but it can be challenging in undergraduate medical/biomedical science education, which is often highly theoretical when delivered by lectures and pen-and-paper tutorials. Authentic case studies allow students to apply their theoretical knowledge but still require good imagination on the part of the students. Lecture content can be reinforced through practical learning experiences in clinical environments. In this study, we report a new approach using clinical simulation within a Human Pathophysiology course to enable undergraduate science students to see "pathophysiology in action" in a clinical setting. Students role played health professionals, and, in these roles, they were able to interact with each other and the manikin "patient," take a medical history, perform a physical examination and consider relevant treatments. Evaluation of students' experiences suggests that ...
BACKGROUND: Medication errors are a global phenomenon. Each year Australia-wide there are up to 9... more BACKGROUND: Medication errors are a global phenomenon. Each year Australia-wide there are up to 96,000 preventable medication errors and in the United States there are approximately 450,000 preventable medication errors. One of the leading causes of errors is interruption yet some interruptions are unavoidable. In the interest of patient safety, nurses need to not only understand the impact of interruptions, but also be empowered with the knowledge and skills required to develop effective interruption management strategies. Well-planned simulation experiences have the potential to expose students to authentic clinical cases, otherwise unavailable to them, building critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills and preparing them for practice. AIM: This paper describes a simulated role-play experience that was developed to enable undergraduate nurses to experience, reflect on and analyse their responses to interruptions during medication administration. METHODS: The simulation design presented in this paper was underpinned by both nursing and educational theorists, in combination with established simulation frameworks. SETTING and PARTICIPANTS: Embedded within a clinical subject in 2013, the simulation experience was run over two campuses within a large Australian University. Participants included 528 second year undergraduate nursing students and 8 academic teaching staff. OUTCOME MAPPING: To stimulate reflective learning debriefing immediately followed the simulation experience. Written reflections were completed and submitted over the
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2019
Background: Simulation is an effective strategy for enhancing interprofessional education (IPE) a... more Background: Simulation is an effective strategy for enhancing interprofessional education (IPE) and collaboration (IPC). Objectives: A novel interprofessional learning model, The RIPE Model (Reflective Interprofessional Education Model) was applied for a pilot study during a simulation laboratory aimed to (i) enhance pharmacy and nursing students' understanding of the roles and responsibilities of professions within the multidisciplinary healthcare team; and (ii) enhance the importance of working collaboratively in team-based care. Methods: The pilot study using a mixed-methods approach, including the administration of a 6-item student survey on a 6-point Likert-type scale as a pre-test (prior to participation in the simulation laboratory) and post-test (after participation in the simulation laboratory), and a debriefing session eliciting a follow up written reflective statement. Results: Sixty-four students (n=56 pharmacy; n=8 nursing) participated in the study which resulted n=52 pharmacy students and n=8 nursing students matched data to a pre-test and post-test survey, analyzed via paired t-tests. Statistically significant results (p<0.05) reported a positive increase in pharmacy students' perceptions from the pre-test and post-test survey for all six items indicating the extent of agreement of IPC; and for one item on the nursing student survey. Qualitative analysis of reflective statements (n=62) was conducted via thematic analysis utilizing Braun and Clarke's 6-phase process. Thematic analysis generated one overarching theme: IPC: Developing appreciation and respect for healthcare team members to improve patient outcomes; and three subthemes: (i) Enhanced decisionmaking; (ii) Communication and collaboration; (iii) New understandings of roles and responsibilities. Conclusions: Students perceived that utilizing the RIPE Model of learning involving simulation to enhance interprofessional collaboration assisted their understanding of the roles, functions and responsibilities of other healthcare professionals involved the patient
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology
PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR) lends itself to communication rehabilitation by creating safe, repli... more PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR) lends itself to communication rehabilitation by creating safe, replicable, and authentic simulated environments in which users learn and practice communication skills. The aim of this research was to obtain the views of health professionals and technology specialists on the design characteristics and usability of a prototype VR application for communication rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine professionals from different health and technology disciplines participated in an online focus group or individual online interview to evaluate the application and use of the VR prototype. Data sources were analysed using a content thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes relating to VR design and implementation in rehabilitation were identified: (i) designing rehabilitation-focused virtual worlds; (ii) understanding and using VR hardware; (iii) making room for VR in rehabilitation and training; and (iv) implementing VR will not replace the health professional's role. DISCUSSION Health professionals and technology specialists engaged in co-design while evaluating the VR prototype. They identified software features requiring careful consideration to ensure improved usability, client safety, and success in communication rehabilitation outcomes. Continuing inclusive co-design, engaging health professionals, clients with communication disability, and their families will be essential to creating useable VR applications and integrating these successfully into rehabilitation. Implications for rehabilitationHealth and technology professionals, along with clients, are integral to the co-design of new VR technology applications.Design of VR applications needs to consider the client's communication, physical, cognitive, sensory, psychosocial, and emotional needs for greater usability of these programs.Realism and authenticity of interactions, characters, and environments are considered important factors to allow users to be fully immersed in virtual simulations to enhance rehabilitation.
BACKGROUND Providing authentic educational experiences in clinical teaching laboratories or healt... more BACKGROUND Providing authentic educational experiences in clinical teaching laboratories or health care simulation environments is fundamental to producing optimum learning. However, some simulated diagnostic devices are price prohibitive or yet to be developed. This article explores a collaborative effort between health academics and engineering interns to develop cost-effective, authentic devices that overcome limitations of those currently available. METHOD Simulated patient tympanic thermometer and pulse oximetry devices were developed for use in clinical teaching laboratories and health care simulation environments. RESULTS The tympanic thermometers and pulse oximetry probes provide programmable temperature, pulse, and oxygen saturation for use with any commercially available manikins or standardized patients. CONCLUSION Authentic simulated diagnostic devices can enhance reality and foster immersion in clinical simulation scenarios. Sharing cost-effective innovations designed to address the simulation-specific limitations of commercially available diagnostic devices provides health care educators with solutions that can enhance the authenticity of clinical teaching experiences for participants. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(4):235-239.].
Abstract Background Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflection and the ability to transfe... more Abstract Background Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflection and the ability to transfer learning into clinical practice. Aim To evaluate faculty debriefing to inform and guide the development of ongoing resources to support adjunct faculty members and to maximise learning potential for students. Method Faculty debriefing styles were evaluated following a high-fidelity simulation involving 720 first year undergraduate nursing students. One audio recording of a debrief was randomly selected from each of 12 faculty members. If a pre-brief was completed prior to the simulation, this was also selected as it is a component of the debrief and sets the tone prior to the simulation. Initial analysis was undertaken using the validated observational structured assessment of debriefing tool (OSAD) to briefly highlight different debriefing styles. This facilitated the thematic analysis of the data using Braun and Clarkes (2006) six step process. Results Nursing faculty used open-ended questions, silence and clinical feedback with varying levels of expertise and success. Conclusions Further research into the effect on the variation in debriefing styles, and it's related impact on student learning outcomes is needed.
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Papers by Carolyn Hayes