Every year, colleges and institutions of higher education (IRE) award degrees to students in fiel... more Every year, colleges and institutions of higher education (IRE) award degrees to students in fields dedicated to helping individuals with educational needs, specifically in the field of school psychology. Of the required courses needed to earn the degree and practice the profession, there are virtually none dealing with multiculturalism. Given the steady change in the demographics ofthe public educational system, and the influx of culturallyllinguistically diverse students, the idea of multiculturalism needs to be engrained in every class required for future school psychologists to provided cross-culturally competent service providers in the profession. Until this happens, the field of school psychology will not be giving ethical services to the entire public school system resulting in those of the non Euro-American Judeo-Christian culture to seek alternatives to serve their educational needs. The purpose ofthis literature review is to give the reader a background on school psycholo...
American Psychological Association, 5 th edition Students in the education system are becoming in... more American Psychological Association, 5 th edition Students in the education system are becoming increasingly diverse, while school psychologists continue to be a homogeneous group. To provide necessary and competent services, school psychologists need to develop multicultural competence. The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the perceived multicultural competence of school psychologists in the states of Wisconsin and Arizona. The study examined the extent to which school psychologists in Wisconsin and Arizona felt competent in providing services to students from diverse backgrounds, what areas of growth were needed to provide better services to diverse students, and if school psychologists in Wisconsin and Arizona were participating in continued training related to multicultural servIces. 111 Surveys were sent to school psychologists in Arizona and Wisconsin who held membership with the Arizona Association of School Psychologists (AASP) and the Wisconsin School Psyc...
Disruptive behavior is a major concern in schools across the United States. With the movement tow... more Disruptive behavior is a major concern in schools across the United States. With the movement towards inclusion, students identified with emotional disturbance (ED) are spending more time in the general education classroom. This places added responsibility on general educators to effectively manage problem behaviors. Functional behavior assessments (FBAs) have been shown to be effective in reducing a wide range of problem behaviors in schools. Recent research, although limited, is also showing that FBAs can be efficient and practical in reducing problematic behavior in the classroom. In fact, federal laws mandate the use of FBAs in certain circumstances for students exhibiting disruptive behavior. However, there is concern that general education teachers are not receiving appropriate training in utilizing FBAs for students with disruptive behaviors. This paper will review the literature regarding the effectiveness and practicality of using FBAs in theiii classroom setting. Additiona...
This study examined the efficacy of a paraprofessional-led supplemental early intervention for fi... more This study examined the efficacy of a paraprofessional-led supplemental early intervention for first-grade students with poor early literacy skills and behavioral concerns. The goal was to determine if (a) the relatively brief intervention was effective in improving phonological skills, and (b) improvements in academic skills would be accompanied by behavioral and social improvements. The results indicated that the students in the treatment condition experienced significant, lasting increases in phonological awareness and moderate improvement in word attack skills. However, significant collateral effects on social and behavioral performance were not observed. Limitations and directions for future investigation are offered.
Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2004
This study examined the ethnic identification, psychological well-being, and intergroup competenc... more This study examined the ethnic identification, psychological well-being, and intergroup competence of biracial individuals. Using a self-identification measure, the authors explored whether biracial individuals would identify with one, both, or none of their ethnic heritages and the implications of these orientations on psychological well-being and intergroup competence. Sixty-six Black/White and Asian/White individuals were included. Not differing between the 2 biracial groups, results revealed that participants were most likely to be biculturally identified, followed by minority identified and then nonidentified. Furthermore, psychological well-being and intergroup anxiety varied as a function of identity. Suggestions for future research with biracial identity are discussed.
This study examined the effects of increasing task difficulty when inadequately challenging tasks... more This study examined the effects of increasing task difficulty when inadequately challenging tasks are assigned. Jason, a 10-year-old, typically developing Caucasian boy, attended a fourth-grade general education classroom at a public elementary school. During independent academic assignments in math and reading, Jason often talked with other students, kicked his seat or the one in front of him, or wandered around the classroom. His teacher considered these behaviors to be very disruptive. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, a functional behavioral assessment identified that Jason's problem behaviors (a) occurred when he had completed his assignment and (b) resulted in his gaining access to preferred activities. In Phase 2, a function-based intervention (providing more challenging academic assignments) resulted in improvements in Jason's behavior. Both Jason and his teacher gave the intervention very positive acceptability ratings.
Mexico’s new model of special education integrates children with special needs into the regular c... more Mexico’s new model of special education integrates children with special needs into the regular classroom. In this model, a team called Unit of Support Services for Regular Education (USAER) is assigned to a number of schools, and the USAER team works with regular classroom teachers to meet the needs of special needs students. This study examined the integration process of this new model and its ramifications for elementary and special education teachers. Results revealed concerns about a number of issues, including the lack of preplanning; lack of inclusion of special and regular education personnel in the integration process; lack of communication between regular and special education teachers; and the need to create a community of learners among all of the participants dedicated to the common goal of providing quality education for special needs children. This focus group study of educational integration in Mexico revealed that it is difficult to achieve fundamental changes on a ...
Every year, colleges and institutions of higher education (IRE) award degrees to students in fiel... more Every year, colleges and institutions of higher education (IRE) award degrees to students in fields dedicated to helping individuals with educational needs, specifically in the field of school psychology. Of the required courses needed to earn the degree and practice the profession, there are virtually none dealing with multiculturalism. Given the steady change in the demographics ofthe public educational system, and the influx of culturallyllinguistically diverse students, the idea of multiculturalism needs to be engrained in every class required for future school psychologists to provided cross-culturally competent service providers in the profession. Until this happens, the field of school psychology will not be giving ethical services to the entire public school system resulting in those of the non Euro-American Judeo-Christian culture to seek alternatives to serve their educational needs. The purpose ofthis literature review is to give the reader a background on school psycholo...
American Psychological Association, 5 th edition Students in the education system are becoming in... more American Psychological Association, 5 th edition Students in the education system are becoming increasingly diverse, while school psychologists continue to be a homogeneous group. To provide necessary and competent services, school psychologists need to develop multicultural competence. The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the perceived multicultural competence of school psychologists in the states of Wisconsin and Arizona. The study examined the extent to which school psychologists in Wisconsin and Arizona felt competent in providing services to students from diverse backgrounds, what areas of growth were needed to provide better services to diverse students, and if school psychologists in Wisconsin and Arizona were participating in continued training related to multicultural servIces. 111 Surveys were sent to school psychologists in Arizona and Wisconsin who held membership with the Arizona Association of School Psychologists (AASP) and the Wisconsin School Psyc...
Disruptive behavior is a major concern in schools across the United States. With the movement tow... more Disruptive behavior is a major concern in schools across the United States. With the movement towards inclusion, students identified with emotional disturbance (ED) are spending more time in the general education classroom. This places added responsibility on general educators to effectively manage problem behaviors. Functional behavior assessments (FBAs) have been shown to be effective in reducing a wide range of problem behaviors in schools. Recent research, although limited, is also showing that FBAs can be efficient and practical in reducing problematic behavior in the classroom. In fact, federal laws mandate the use of FBAs in certain circumstances for students exhibiting disruptive behavior. However, there is concern that general education teachers are not receiving appropriate training in utilizing FBAs for students with disruptive behaviors. This paper will review the literature regarding the effectiveness and practicality of using FBAs in theiii classroom setting. Additiona...
This study examined the efficacy of a paraprofessional-led supplemental early intervention for fi... more This study examined the efficacy of a paraprofessional-led supplemental early intervention for first-grade students with poor early literacy skills and behavioral concerns. The goal was to determine if (a) the relatively brief intervention was effective in improving phonological skills, and (b) improvements in academic skills would be accompanied by behavioral and social improvements. The results indicated that the students in the treatment condition experienced significant, lasting increases in phonological awareness and moderate improvement in word attack skills. However, significant collateral effects on social and behavioral performance were not observed. Limitations and directions for future investigation are offered.
Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2004
This study examined the ethnic identification, psychological well-being, and intergroup competenc... more This study examined the ethnic identification, psychological well-being, and intergroup competence of biracial individuals. Using a self-identification measure, the authors explored whether biracial individuals would identify with one, both, or none of their ethnic heritages and the implications of these orientations on psychological well-being and intergroup competence. Sixty-six Black/White and Asian/White individuals were included. Not differing between the 2 biracial groups, results revealed that participants were most likely to be biculturally identified, followed by minority identified and then nonidentified. Furthermore, psychological well-being and intergroup anxiety varied as a function of identity. Suggestions for future research with biracial identity are discussed.
This study examined the effects of increasing task difficulty when inadequately challenging tasks... more This study examined the effects of increasing task difficulty when inadequately challenging tasks are assigned. Jason, a 10-year-old, typically developing Caucasian boy, attended a fourth-grade general education classroom at a public elementary school. During independent academic assignments in math and reading, Jason often talked with other students, kicked his seat or the one in front of him, or wandered around the classroom. His teacher considered these behaviors to be very disruptive. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, a functional behavioral assessment identified that Jason's problem behaviors (a) occurred when he had completed his assignment and (b) resulted in his gaining access to preferred activities. In Phase 2, a function-based intervention (providing more challenging academic assignments) resulted in improvements in Jason's behavior. Both Jason and his teacher gave the intervention very positive acceptability ratings.
Mexico’s new model of special education integrates children with special needs into the regular c... more Mexico’s new model of special education integrates children with special needs into the regular classroom. In this model, a team called Unit of Support Services for Regular Education (USAER) is assigned to a number of schools, and the USAER team works with regular classroom teachers to meet the needs of special needs students. This study examined the integration process of this new model and its ramifications for elementary and special education teachers. Results revealed concerns about a number of issues, including the lack of preplanning; lack of inclusion of special and regular education personnel in the integration process; lack of communication between regular and special education teachers; and the need to create a community of learners among all of the participants dedicated to the common goal of providing quality education for special needs children. This focus group study of educational integration in Mexico revealed that it is difficult to achieve fundamental changes on a ...
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