The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) befor... more The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test and optimize the developed tools. Non destructive µCT imaging allows repeated scans of the same tooth and might provide quantitative information about specimen modifications over time. Preliminary literature has suggested that anatomical characterization and detailed evaluation of dental therapies would considerably benefit from the coupling between detailed 3D imaging and custom software. However, the main drawbacks reside in time consuming pipeline for scanner-time of the specimens and absence of efficient software for accurate data analysis and direct comparison of a set of 3D dental structures.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22°C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration. (J Endod 2006;32:1091-1093
ABSTRACT The effect of six endodontic irrigants on smear layers created by hand instrumentation w... more ABSTRACT The effect of six endodontic irrigants on smear layers created by hand instrumentation was evaluated in vitro in the middle and apical sections of 53 root canals. The irrigants evaluated were: 1% and 5% sodium hypochlorite, a combination of 24% phosphoric acid and 10% citric acid, 0.2%, 17%, and 3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. After instrumentation and treatment with the respective irrigants, the root canal specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the presence or absence of smear layer. The two sodium hypochlorite solutions did not remove the smear layer, even when 5% sodium hypochlorite was scrubbed on the dentinal walls. The 0.2% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution was more effective than sodium hypochlorite, but it did not completely remove the smear layer, especially at the orifices of the dentinal tubules. The other three solutions effectively removed the smear layer, but no significant difference was found between them (p > 0.05). The solution of 3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was as effective as phosphoric-citric acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, however, did not show the marked demineralizing effect on the dentinal walls and tubules as the acidic solution.
ABSTRACT Objectives As become clear in recent years, periodontitis is an inflammatory disease ini... more ABSTRACT Objectives As become clear in recent years, periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by the oral microbial biofilm and mediated by a set of receptors that Pathogenrecognize microbial components: Toll-Like Receptors (TLR). Materials and methods This paper reviews recent findings on TLR expression and functions on innate immune cells and periodontium, and direct and indirect effects of invading pathogens on bone remodeling observed in periodontitis. Results The binding between molecules coming from periodontopathogenic organisms and sensing pathogen receptors named Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) causes the initial inflammatory reactions and induces osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions The crucial role of TLR in the pathogenesis of periodontitis prompts us to speculate on new therapeutic strategies, which involving TLR and TLR agonists, may contain the inflammation and prevent tissue destruction.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22 degrees C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration.
Journal of Biomedical Graphics and Computing, 2013
The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) befor... more The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test and optimize the developed tools. Non destructive µCT imaging allows repeated scans of the same tooth and might provide quantitative information about specimen modifications over time. Preliminary literature has suggested that anatomical characterization and detailed evaluation of dental therapies would considerably benefit from the coupling between detailed 3D imaging and custom software. However, the main drawbacks reside in time consuming pipeline for scanner-time of the specimens and absence of efficient software for accurate data analysis and direct comparison of a set of 3D dental structures.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22°C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration. (J Endod 2006;32:1091-1093
ABSTRACT Obiettivi Il presente studio ha valutato il comportamento di diverse soluzioni di ipoclo... more ABSTRACT Obiettivi Il presente studio ha valutato il comportamento di diverse soluzioni di ipoclorito di sodio (NaOCl), con e senza l’aggiunta di tensioattivi, a contatto con la dentina. Materiali e metodi Dodici premolari monocanalari sono stati separati secondo l’asse longitudinale con un disco diamantato in rotazione a bassa velocità. I 24 campioni ottenuti sono stati distribuiti in modo casuale in quattro gruppi sperimentali: Gruppo 1 = NaOCl al 5,25%; Gruppo 2 = NaOCl al 5,25% con tensioattivi (Hypoclean); Gruppo 3 = NaOCl <6% con tensioattivi (Chlor-Xtra); Gruppo di controllo = acqua distillata (MilliQ 18 MOhm). Al fine di valutare la bagnabilità delle soluzioni nei confronti della dentina sono state effettuate tre misurazioni: l’angolo di contatto sessile, l’angolo di contatto di avanzamento e l’angolo di contatto di recessione. Tutti gli angoli sono stati misurati con un goniometro Krüss G 23. Risultati L’angolo di contatto più alto è stato osservato nel gruppo di controllo, considerando i valori sia dell’angolo di contatto sessile sia dell’angolo di contatto di avanzamento. La diffusione sulla superficie dentinale delle soluzioni del Gruppo 2 (Hypoclean) e del Gruppo 3 (Chlor-Xtra) è stata immediata, in accordo al valore registrato di zero gradi per i tre differenti angoli di contatto. Il Gruppo 1 (ipoclorito di sodio al 5,25%) ha mostrato un angolo di contatto sessile pari a 35 gradi e un angolo di contatto di avanzamento pari a 64 gradi; l’angolo di contatto di recessione rilevato è risultato pari a zero. Conclusioni I dati ottenuti hanno dimostrato chiaramente la superiore bagnabilità delle soluzioni di ipoclorito di sodio addizionate con tensioattivi nei confronti della dentina rispetto a quella ottenibile con solo ipoclorito di sodio al 5,25% o con acqua distillata.
The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) befor... more The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test and optimize the developed tools. Non destructive µCT imaging allows repeated scans of the same tooth and might provide quantitative information about specimen modifications over time. Preliminary literature has suggested that anatomical characterization and detailed evaluation of dental therapies would considerably benefit from the coupling between detailed 3D imaging and custom software. However, the main drawbacks reside in time consuming pipeline for scanner-time of the specimens and absence of efficient software for accurate data analysis and direct comparison of a set of 3D dental structures.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22°C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration. (J Endod 2006;32:1091-1093
ABSTRACT The effect of six endodontic irrigants on smear layers created by hand instrumentation w... more ABSTRACT The effect of six endodontic irrigants on smear layers created by hand instrumentation was evaluated in vitro in the middle and apical sections of 53 root canals. The irrigants evaluated were: 1% and 5% sodium hypochlorite, a combination of 24% phosphoric acid and 10% citric acid, 0.2%, 17%, and 3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. After instrumentation and treatment with the respective irrigants, the root canal specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the presence or absence of smear layer. The two sodium hypochlorite solutions did not remove the smear layer, even when 5% sodium hypochlorite was scrubbed on the dentinal walls. The 0.2% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution was more effective than sodium hypochlorite, but it did not completely remove the smear layer, especially at the orifices of the dentinal tubules. The other three solutions effectively removed the smear layer, but no significant difference was found between them (p > 0.05). The solution of 3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was as effective as phosphoric-citric acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, however, did not show the marked demineralizing effect on the dentinal walls and tubules as the acidic solution.
ABSTRACT Objectives As become clear in recent years, periodontitis is an inflammatory disease ini... more ABSTRACT Objectives As become clear in recent years, periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by the oral microbial biofilm and mediated by a set of receptors that Pathogenrecognize microbial components: Toll-Like Receptors (TLR). Materials and methods This paper reviews recent findings on TLR expression and functions on innate immune cells and periodontium, and direct and indirect effects of invading pathogens on bone remodeling observed in periodontitis. Results The binding between molecules coming from periodontopathogenic organisms and sensing pathogen receptors named Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) causes the initial inflammatory reactions and induces osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions The crucial role of TLR in the pathogenesis of periodontitis prompts us to speculate on new therapeutic strategies, which involving TLR and TLR agonists, may contain the inflammation and prevent tissue destruction.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22 degrees C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration.
Journal of Biomedical Graphics and Computing, 2013
The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) befor... more The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test and optimize the developed tools. Non destructive µCT imaging allows repeated scans of the same tooth and might provide quantitative information about specimen modifications over time. Preliminary literature has suggested that anatomical characterization and detailed evaluation of dental therapies would considerably benefit from the coupling between detailed 3D imaging and custom software. However, the main drawbacks reside in time consuming pipeline for scanner-time of the specimens and absence of efficient software for accurate data analysis and direct comparison of a set of 3D dental structures.
The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Molt... more The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22°C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration. (J Endod 2006;32:1091-1093
ABSTRACT Obiettivi Il presente studio ha valutato il comportamento di diverse soluzioni di ipoclo... more ABSTRACT Obiettivi Il presente studio ha valutato il comportamento di diverse soluzioni di ipoclorito di sodio (NaOCl), con e senza l’aggiunta di tensioattivi, a contatto con la dentina. Materiali e metodi Dodici premolari monocanalari sono stati separati secondo l’asse longitudinale con un disco diamantato in rotazione a bassa velocità. I 24 campioni ottenuti sono stati distribuiti in modo casuale in quattro gruppi sperimentali: Gruppo 1 = NaOCl al 5,25%; Gruppo 2 = NaOCl al 5,25% con tensioattivi (Hypoclean); Gruppo 3 = NaOCl <6% con tensioattivi (Chlor-Xtra); Gruppo di controllo = acqua distillata (MilliQ 18 MOhm). Al fine di valutare la bagnabilità delle soluzioni nei confronti della dentina sono state effettuate tre misurazioni: l’angolo di contatto sessile, l’angolo di contatto di avanzamento e l’angolo di contatto di recessione. Tutti gli angoli sono stati misurati con un goniometro Krüss G 23. Risultati L’angolo di contatto più alto è stato osservato nel gruppo di controllo, considerando i valori sia dell’angolo di contatto sessile sia dell’angolo di contatto di avanzamento. La diffusione sulla superficie dentinale delle soluzioni del Gruppo 2 (Hypoclean) e del Gruppo 3 (Chlor-Xtra) è stata immediata, in accordo al valore registrato di zero gradi per i tre differenti angoli di contatto. Il Gruppo 1 (ipoclorito di sodio al 5,25%) ha mostrato un angolo di contatto sessile pari a 35 gradi e un angolo di contatto di avanzamento pari a 64 gradi; l’angolo di contatto di recessione rilevato è risultato pari a zero. Conclusioni I dati ottenuti hanno dimostrato chiaramente la superiore bagnabilità delle soluzioni di ipoclorito di sodio addizionate con tensioattivi nei confronti della dentina rispetto a quella ottenibile con solo ipoclorito di sodio al 5,25% o con acqua distillata.
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