In coastal cities, seawater heat pumps (SWHPs) can combine heat pump technology with the availabi... more In coastal cities, seawater heat pumps (SWHPs) can combine heat pump technology with the availability of seawater to produce the heat and the cold necessary for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems installed in buildings. In heating mode, the seawater is used as a cold source and provides the low-temperature heat needed for the operation of the machine. In cooling mode, the seawater removes the heat dissipated by the condenser of the heat pump working for air conditioning. This seawater application seems to be very promising since the temperature trend of the seawater appears to be more favorable than the alternative use of outdoor air, both in winter and in summer. In a case study in Trieste, the performance of a district heating/cooling network supplied with seawater and based on decentralized heat pumps is investigated. For this purpose, annual dynamic simulations were performed, modeling an urban area, the heat pumps, and the network. The energy efficiency e...
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)
Future energy scenarios focus on electricity as the main energy vector, because of its easier man... more Future energy scenarios focus on electricity as the main energy vector, because of its easier management and flexibility, in conjunction with the reduced use of carbon fuels. In such a context, also Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs) are promoting electricity-based technologies also in services usually relying on fossil fuels, such as ambient heating and domestic hot water preparation (DHW), by means of heat pumps. Moreover, heat pumps both fit perfectly with the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) perspective and offer major opportunities in a regional and urban perspective, since they offer many ways to optimize the exploitation of renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper shows quantitative analyses on possible applications of heat pumps in combination with the most typical RES in urban contexts, i.e. solar photovoltaics (PV).
This paper consists in the presentation of a new simulation tool aimed at the detailed prediction... more This paper consists in the presentation of a new simulation tool aimed at the detailed prediction of HVAC systems, developed by the authors in order to fulfill specific needs derived from particular research topics in the field of design and tailored control of HVAC systems fed by heat pumps. This simulation tool has a modular programming design and is developed in order to easily use input data available in documentation from manufacturers and to provide the user with a flexible system design and a full set of control options. In this paper, it is used to evaluate the energy performance of HVAC systems based on heat pumps for DHW (Domestic Hot Water) production and heating/cooling purposes in low energy buildings. INTRODUCTION Many building energy simulation tools exist for the assessment of building heating/cooling loads and lighting needs. In particular, some of them perform HVAC system simulation with a high degree of detail [Crawley et al., 2005], thus allowing the user to asse...
The reliable assessment of the annual energy demand has become necessary in view of building ener... more The reliable assessment of the annual energy demand has become necessary in view of building energy performance certification. Accurate models must be used to simulate the behaviour of HVAC components in real operation, usually characterized by a wide variation of building loads. In this context, this paper deals with the development and validation of an algorithm aimed at the assessment of part load performance of various kinds of controls for vapour compresion based heat pumps and chillers, in particular referring to on-off, inverter-driven and multi-stage vapour compression. The reliability of this algorithm in the calculation of seasonal performances is checked against monitoring of heat pumps and chillers operating under real conditions.
2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2019
Resilience represents a new important feature that the anthropic systems, and cities among them, ... more Resilience represents a new important feature that the anthropic systems, and cities among them, are called to cope with. In fact, the increasing negative stresses to which urban contexts are exposed, and mainly the climatic pressures, call for the capability of adapting to these modifications and, possibly, to restore the ex-ante situations. The role of the buildings and their envelope components is of crucial importance to this aim. This paper analyses the features of resilience of the roofs of buildings by means of proper quantitative indexes. On purpose, the performances of green and cool roofs are compared. The possibility of adopting nonstructural solutions, like the windows shading devices, is also considered.
This volume proposes essays, descriptions, and projects developed both during and following the E... more This volume proposes essays, descriptions, and projects developed both during and following the Erasmus Intensive Program HAULuP, Heritage and Architecture of Urban Landscape under Production, held in Venice in September 2013, organized by the University Iuav of Venice with the participation of the Manchester Metropolitan University (Manchester School of Architecture) and the Universidad de Granada (Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura). The design experience proposes a rereading of the transformations of Venice Arsenale about four fundamental themes, aiming at a new use of the architectural complex by the city. The proposals are focused on the definition and development of a new accessibility, new urban services, permanent and temporary residences, as well as on the role of the great central basin and the fronts of water. The essays that precede the descriptions of the place and design themes, aim at developing a comprehensive reading of the Arsenale in relation to the Lagoon o...
Abstract Nowadays the control of indoor healthiness and comfort has become a key issue in school ... more Abstract Nowadays the control of indoor healthiness and comfort has become a key issue in school environments. Indoor environment quality (IEQ) as regards indoor air quality (IAQ), ventilation requirement as well as health effects assessed by Hazard Index and Cancer Risk were investigated in a naturally ventilated school by monitoring indoor/outdoor CO2 concentrations and particulate matter (PM) levels. This way, a CO2 fluxes balance permitted to calculate actual ventilation rates used to classify the classrooms on the basis of the proposal contained in fpEN 16,798 standard. The relationship between ventilation, CO2 levels and PM was also studied. In absence of appreciable internal pollution sources, the indoor concentrations of chemical pollutants were correlated to the corresponding outdoor concentrations by the comparison of indoor/outdoor PM whose differences in this case depend only by indoor deposit and resuspension. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) and PAHs were considered as required by CEN recommendations. A simple procedure was carried on to assess the potential health hazards of pollutants on students. Hazard Index and the total Cancer Risk of the inhalation exposure were evaluated as proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency. The calculated values resulted normally acceptable if related to daily school period, but not completely satisfactory because they highlighted that the indoor contaminant concentrations were not acceptable for 24 h exposure. Therefore these chemical pollutants reduce the no health hazard exposure capacity of the children in the remaining part of the day.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The United Nations as well as the European Union are strongly committed in promoting a transition... more The United Nations as well as the European Union are strongly committed in promoting a transition towards more sustainable and resilient cities. Indeed, they are increasingly affected by different types of threats, among which the natural ones such as earthquakes, fires, and floods (shocks) and climate variability (stresses). Cities are quite often unable to cope with the adverse effects of such natural hazards. This circumstance leads to the need of introducing resilience-related criteria (besides commonly used sustainability indicators) in decision-making processes. This paper investigates at which extent the inclusion of such new indicators, within multi-criteria assessment tools for supporting the decision-making process by Public Administrations, modifies the prioritization processes of a given set of planned actions to be implemented in cities, which are based instead on the above-cited commonly used indicators. The outcomes of the analysis demonstrated that the introduction o...
In coastal cities, seawater heat pumps (SWHPs) can combine heat pump technology with the availabi... more In coastal cities, seawater heat pumps (SWHPs) can combine heat pump technology with the availability of seawater to produce the heat and the cold necessary for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems installed in buildings. In heating mode, the seawater is used as a cold source and provides the low-temperature heat needed for the operation of the machine. In cooling mode, the seawater removes the heat dissipated by the condenser of the heat pump working for air conditioning. This seawater application seems to be very promising since the temperature trend of the seawater appears to be more favorable than the alternative use of outdoor air, both in winter and in summer. In a case study in Trieste, the performance of a district heating/cooling network supplied with seawater and based on decentralized heat pumps is investigated. For this purpose, annual dynamic simulations were performed, modeling an urban area, the heat pumps, and the network. The energy efficiency e...
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)
Future energy scenarios focus on electricity as the main energy vector, because of its easier man... more Future energy scenarios focus on electricity as the main energy vector, because of its easier management and flexibility, in conjunction with the reduced use of carbon fuels. In such a context, also Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs) are promoting electricity-based technologies also in services usually relying on fossil fuels, such as ambient heating and domestic hot water preparation (DHW), by means of heat pumps. Moreover, heat pumps both fit perfectly with the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) perspective and offer major opportunities in a regional and urban perspective, since they offer many ways to optimize the exploitation of renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper shows quantitative analyses on possible applications of heat pumps in combination with the most typical RES in urban contexts, i.e. solar photovoltaics (PV).
This paper consists in the presentation of a new simulation tool aimed at the detailed prediction... more This paper consists in the presentation of a new simulation tool aimed at the detailed prediction of HVAC systems, developed by the authors in order to fulfill specific needs derived from particular research topics in the field of design and tailored control of HVAC systems fed by heat pumps. This simulation tool has a modular programming design and is developed in order to easily use input data available in documentation from manufacturers and to provide the user with a flexible system design and a full set of control options. In this paper, it is used to evaluate the energy performance of HVAC systems based on heat pumps for DHW (Domestic Hot Water) production and heating/cooling purposes in low energy buildings. INTRODUCTION Many building energy simulation tools exist for the assessment of building heating/cooling loads and lighting needs. In particular, some of them perform HVAC system simulation with a high degree of detail [Crawley et al., 2005], thus allowing the user to asse...
The reliable assessment of the annual energy demand has become necessary in view of building ener... more The reliable assessment of the annual energy demand has become necessary in view of building energy performance certification. Accurate models must be used to simulate the behaviour of HVAC components in real operation, usually characterized by a wide variation of building loads. In this context, this paper deals with the development and validation of an algorithm aimed at the assessment of part load performance of various kinds of controls for vapour compresion based heat pumps and chillers, in particular referring to on-off, inverter-driven and multi-stage vapour compression. The reliability of this algorithm in the calculation of seasonal performances is checked against monitoring of heat pumps and chillers operating under real conditions.
2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2019
Resilience represents a new important feature that the anthropic systems, and cities among them, ... more Resilience represents a new important feature that the anthropic systems, and cities among them, are called to cope with. In fact, the increasing negative stresses to which urban contexts are exposed, and mainly the climatic pressures, call for the capability of adapting to these modifications and, possibly, to restore the ex-ante situations. The role of the buildings and their envelope components is of crucial importance to this aim. This paper analyses the features of resilience of the roofs of buildings by means of proper quantitative indexes. On purpose, the performances of green and cool roofs are compared. The possibility of adopting nonstructural solutions, like the windows shading devices, is also considered.
This volume proposes essays, descriptions, and projects developed both during and following the E... more This volume proposes essays, descriptions, and projects developed both during and following the Erasmus Intensive Program HAULuP, Heritage and Architecture of Urban Landscape under Production, held in Venice in September 2013, organized by the University Iuav of Venice with the participation of the Manchester Metropolitan University (Manchester School of Architecture) and the Universidad de Granada (Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura). The design experience proposes a rereading of the transformations of Venice Arsenale about four fundamental themes, aiming at a new use of the architectural complex by the city. The proposals are focused on the definition and development of a new accessibility, new urban services, permanent and temporary residences, as well as on the role of the great central basin and the fronts of water. The essays that precede the descriptions of the place and design themes, aim at developing a comprehensive reading of the Arsenale in relation to the Lagoon o...
Abstract Nowadays the control of indoor healthiness and comfort has become a key issue in school ... more Abstract Nowadays the control of indoor healthiness and comfort has become a key issue in school environments. Indoor environment quality (IEQ) as regards indoor air quality (IAQ), ventilation requirement as well as health effects assessed by Hazard Index and Cancer Risk were investigated in a naturally ventilated school by monitoring indoor/outdoor CO2 concentrations and particulate matter (PM) levels. This way, a CO2 fluxes balance permitted to calculate actual ventilation rates used to classify the classrooms on the basis of the proposal contained in fpEN 16,798 standard. The relationship between ventilation, CO2 levels and PM was also studied. In absence of appreciable internal pollution sources, the indoor concentrations of chemical pollutants were correlated to the corresponding outdoor concentrations by the comparison of indoor/outdoor PM whose differences in this case depend only by indoor deposit and resuspension. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) and PAHs were considered as required by CEN recommendations. A simple procedure was carried on to assess the potential health hazards of pollutants on students. Hazard Index and the total Cancer Risk of the inhalation exposure were evaluated as proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency. The calculated values resulted normally acceptable if related to daily school period, but not completely satisfactory because they highlighted that the indoor contaminant concentrations were not acceptable for 24 h exposure. Therefore these chemical pollutants reduce the no health hazard exposure capacity of the children in the remaining part of the day.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The United Nations as well as the European Union are strongly committed in promoting a transition... more The United Nations as well as the European Union are strongly committed in promoting a transition towards more sustainable and resilient cities. Indeed, they are increasingly affected by different types of threats, among which the natural ones such as earthquakes, fires, and floods (shocks) and climate variability (stresses). Cities are quite often unable to cope with the adverse effects of such natural hazards. This circumstance leads to the need of introducing resilience-related criteria (besides commonly used sustainability indicators) in decision-making processes. This paper investigates at which extent the inclusion of such new indicators, within multi-criteria assessment tools for supporting the decision-making process by Public Administrations, modifies the prioritization processes of a given set of planned actions to be implemented in cities, which are based instead on the above-cited commonly used indicators. The outcomes of the analysis demonstrated that the introduction o...
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