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Carimo Mohomed

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Born in 1973, I am an historian with a Ph.D. in Political Theory and Analysis. Based in Lisbon (Portugal), my research interests are the History of Political Ideas in the Islamic world, particularly in South Asia, and the relations between Religion and Politics in different cultural and civilisational contexts, including Political Theology. I serve as Executive Member of the International Political Science Association Research Committee “Religion and Politics” (RC 43)
Address: Portugal

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Lancaster University

Istanbul Technical University

Tel Aviv University

University of Nottingham

Zeynep Yanasmayan

German Center for Integration and Migration Research

Warsaw School of Economics

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

Ulrich Marzolph

Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Georgetown University

Joas Wagemakers

Utrecht University

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Papers by Carimo Mohomed

Knowledge and Power in Muslim Societies: Approaches in Intellectual History <b>Knowledge and Power in Muslim Societies: Approaches in Intellectual History</b> , edited by Kazuo Morimoto and Sajjad Rizvi, Berlin, Gerlach Press, 2023, VIII + 422 pp., €125.00/£115.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-95994-164-8

Islam and Christian-Muslim relations, Apr 22, 2024

The Sun Rises in the West: A Review Essay on Ismailism

World Journal of Social Science Research

This review essay uses three books to explore some aspects of Ismailism. The books are THE FATIMI... more This review essay uses three books to explore some aspects of Ismailism. The books are THE FATIMIDS 2. THE RULE FROM EGYPT, by Shainool Jiwa. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2023, pp. VIII + 240. ISBN: 9781780769486; COMMAND AND CREATION. A SHI‘I COSMOLOGICAL TREATISE. A Persian edition and English translation of Muḥammad al-Shahrastānī’s Majlis-i maktūb. Edited and Translated by Daryoush Mohammad Poor. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies (Ismaili Texts and Translation Series, 25), 2021, pp. XVI + 138 + LXXXIV. ISBN: 9780755602971; and FAITH AND ETHICS: THE VISION OF THE ISMAILI IMAMAT, by M. Ali Lakhani. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2018, pp. 1 colour illustration + XXIV + 248. ISBN: 9781788312486.

Gardiner H.Shattuck, Jr.: Christian Homeland: Episcopalians and the Middle East, 1820–1958. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023; pp. xx + 280

Journal of religious history, May 10, 2024

Religion as Nation: The Muslims of India and the Debates on &lt;i&gt;qaum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;millat&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;umma&lt;/i&gt; in the 1930s

Social sciences, 2021

This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political ... more This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political process, and its importance for the creation and cohesion of different national communities' identities. It will analyse the discussions occurred around the concepts, and conceptions, of Nation, National Community (qaum), Religious Community (millat), and the Community of Believers (umma), exploring the different, and sometimes opposing, ideas and political doctrines in the 1930s in the context of India's struggle for the independence and creation of a new (Nation-)State. The focus will be on Muslim Indian thinkers and politicians such as Muhammad '

Education and Community Consciousness Among the Muslims of British India * Educação e Consciência De Comunidade Por Entre Os Muçulmanos Da Índia Britânica

História e Cultura, Sep 15, 2015

The object of analysis in this article is the Aligarh Movement, which was the base of the movemen... more The object of analysis in this article is the Aligarh Movement, which was the base of the movement's founder and guiding spirit, the influential modernist Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898), whose project to modernise Muslims was named after a town in the United Provinces that was home to its most important institutions, the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (later, in 1920, Aligarh Muslim University) and the Muhammadan Educational Conference.

“The Days of God”- Muhammad Iqbal’s Conception of Time and History

Journal of Islamic thought and civilization, 2017

Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a prolific writer who authored many works covering various fields ... more Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a prolific writer who authored many works covering various fields and genres such aspoetry, philosophy, and mysticism. He expressed his ideas in many forms and this paper, using his works, especially The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, deals with the question of time and history in his thought, particularly how he distinguished 'the past' from 'the present' and 'the future,' and how he constructed their interrelationships.

Reconsidering ‘Middle East and Islamic studies’ for a changing world

International Critical Thought, Jun 1, 2012

It is generally considered that the expression ‘Middle East’ was coined in 1902 by Alfred Thayer ... more It is generally considered that the expression ‘Middle East’ was coined in 1902 by Alfred Thayer Mahan, in an attempt to delineate a region from the Mediterranean to India. Since then, ‘Middle East’ has become an expression to designate everything related with ‘Islam’ and/or ‘Muslims’, and in recent years a linguistic and political development occurred when, during the Bush administration,

Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present

American journal of Islam and society, Jul 3, 2023

Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet w... more Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet when dissected into its various manifestations – leading prayer, preaching, issuing fatwas, transmitting hadith, judging in court, teaching law, theology, and other Islamic sciences and, generally shaping the Islamic scholarly tradition – nuances emerge that hint at the presence of women in the performance of some of these functions. This collection of case studies, covering the period from classical Islam to the present, and taken from across the Twelver Shi‘i Islamic world, reflects on the roles that women have played in exercising religious authority across time and space. Comparative reflection on the case studies allows for the formulation of hypotheses regarding the conditions and developments – whether theological, jurisprudential, social, economic, or political – that enhanced or stifled the flourishing of female religious authority in Twelver Shi‘i Islam.

Mernissi, Fátima. Sueños en el umbral: memorias de una niña del harén. Barcelona, El Aleph, 2008, e El harén en Occidente. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 2006

Cadernos Pagu, 2009

Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo... more Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo con él, la mujer en el Islam estaría en una situación de inferioridad y bajo las peores condiciones, siendo el velo, u otra prenda semejante, el símbolo mayor de esa condición, simbolizando todo un mundo de humillaciones y crueldad, y siempre que alguien pretende liberar a la mujer musulmana empieza por pedir que se quite el velo. Sin embargo, estos y otros prejuicios son muy reductores y simplificadores, pues como dijo Zoreh Sefaty, una ayatolá iraní mujer, en una entrevista al periódico El País, el Occidente desconoce que el Islam no hace diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. 1 Por supuesto que hay que considerar esta declaración con alguna cautela, pero es un buen punto de partida para abordar el tema que tenemos ahora en manos, pues como ella también ha dicho, en Europa y en el mundo entero también las mujeres tienen problemas, porque una mujer es una mujer y un

The purity of the samurai: history and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought

A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistor... more A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistoria y política en el pensamiento de Yukio Mishima The purity of the samuraihistory and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought ________________________________________________________________________________ Carimo MOHOMED  Resumo: Neste artigo analisa-se o pensamento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), um dos escritores japoneses mais famosos e polémicos que, após tentar um golpe de Estado falhado, cometeu seppuku, o suicídio ritual samurai. Através da leitura e análise das suas obras mais relevantes, podemos ver como o escritor recuperou, releu e reinterpretou elementos da história e cultura japonesas tradicionais para responder a aquilo que ele considerava como a decadência da moderna sociedade japonesa da segunda metade do século XX. Muito importante no pensamento político de Mishima foi a figura do samurai que, para o escritor, corporizava a pureza e a verdadeira alma do povo japonês. Palavras-chaves: Yukio Mishima, Japão, Século XX, Tradição, Modernidade. Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el pensamiento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), uno de los escritores japoneses más famosos y polémicos que, tras intentar un fallido golpe de Estado, se hizo el seppuku, el suicidio ritual samurái. A través de la lectura y análisis de sus obras más relevantes, podemos ver cómo el escritor recuperó, releyó y reinterpretó elementos de la historia y cultura japonesas tradicionales para responder a lo que él consideraba como la decadencia de la moderna sociedad japonesa de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Muy importante en el pensamiento político de Mishima fue la figura del samurái que, para el escritor, corporizaba la pureza y la verdadera alma del pueblo japonés.

The Invention of “Islam”

BRILL eBooks, Nov 10, 2022

Intellectual (Neo-) Imperialism: The Examples of “Islam[ism(s)]” and “Jihad[ism(s)]”

SIASAT Journal, Jan 12, 2022

In the last few decades, Islam has become a central point of reference for a wide range of politi... more In the last few decades, Islam has become a central point of reference for a wide range of political activities, arguments and opposition movements. The term "political Islam", or "Islamism", has been adopted by many scholars in order to identify this seemingly unprecedented irruption of Islamic religion into the secular domain of politics and thus to distinguish these practices from the forms of personal piety, belief, and ritual conventionally subsumed in Western scholarship under the unmarked category "Islam". There have been innumerable websites, voluminous publications and many projects on "Islamism(s)" and "Post-Islamism(s)", the idea that political Islam had failed. However, when reality did not confirm that prediction, a new term was coined: "neo-Islamism". 1 This paper aims to explore the thesis that, as in other fields, these labels are nothing more than an attempt by Area Studies within Western academia to mould reality according to preconceived ideas and according to policy-oriented circles, which are funded by governmental organisations, and that, when dealing with "Islam" and "politics", we are urgently in need of a different epistemology, which can come from several areas or at the intersection of some or all of them. I list those from which I find some inspiration: critical thinking, critical theory, cultural studies, postcolonial theory, decolonial theory, and feminist theory. Critical theory is a social philosophy pertaining to the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power structures. With origins in sociology, as well as in literary criticism, it argues that social problems are influenced and created more by societal structures and cultural assumptions than by individual and psychological factors. Maintaining that ideology is the principal obstacle to human liberation, critical theory was established as a school of thought primarily by the Frankfurt School theoreticians. Postmodern critical theory analyses the fragmentation of cultural identities in order to challenge modernist-era constructs such as metanarratives, rationality, and universal truths, while politicising social problems by situating them in historical and cultural contexts. Practitioners implicate themselves in the process of collecting and analysing data, and relativise their findings. 2 Cultural studies is a field of theoretically, politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture, its historical foundations, defining traits, conflicts, and contingencies, generally investigating how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with or operating through social phenomena, such as ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation, viewing cultures not as fixed, bounded, stable, and discrete entities, but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. A key concern for cultural studies practitioners is the examination of the forces within and through which socially organized people conduct and participate in the construction of their everyday lives. Cultural studies seek to understand how meaning is generated, disseminated, contested, bound up with systems of power and control, and produced from the social, political and economic spheres within a particular social formation or conjuncture. Important theories of cultural

Rethinking the "Middle East" as an Object of Study (AFMA Paper, The 10th Asian Federation of Middle East Studies Associations (AFMA) Conference De/Re-constructing Middle East Studies from Asian Perspectives)

Islamic reformism in India between 1857 and 1947: the conception of state in Chiragh ‘Ali, Muhammad Iqbal and Sayyid Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi

e a contextualização histórica de conceitos, proposta por Quentin Skinner, esta investigação abor... more e a contextualização histórica de conceitos, proposta por Quentin Skinner, esta investigação aborda três intelectuais desse período, Chiragh 'Ali, Muhammad Iqbal e Sayyid Abu'l 'Ala Mawdudi, bem como as suas obras consideradas mais importantes. Assim, através de estudos de caso e comparação qualitativa, nesta investigação analisamos, descrevemos e tentamos compreender os movimentos de reforma islâmica que surgiram na Índia entre os momentos finais da dinastia mogol (1857-1858) e os momentos finais da presença britânica (1947), mais em particular os diversos modelos políticos e de Estado oferecidos por essas três figuras, comparandoos entre si a vários níveis: a biografia, a obra, o pensamento, a herança e discípulos, bem como o legado deixado e debate que originaram em torno de questões como o papel da religião na política e/ou o modelo de Estado a ser seguido no mundo islâmico. Os diferentes modelos políticos oferecidos por cada um dos autores, e as concepções que tinham sobre a relação entre religião e política, reflectem uma diversidade de pensamento, frequentemente contraditória entre si. A tese conclui que o Islão, enquanto objecto de estudo das, e nas, ciências sociais, tem que ser repensado e redefinido, bem como os conceitos de Shari'a, Religião, Política, Estado, Igreja, Secularismo, Modernidade, pois cada um deles assume diferentes formas em diferentes contextos temporais e geográficos, incluindo naquilo que é chamado de Ocidente, e cada um deles interage com os outros numa multiplicidade de formas, não havendo modelos únicos ou essencialistas.

A pureza do samurai: história e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima

História, Jun 1, 2012

A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistor... more A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistoria y política en el pensamiento de Yukio Mishima The purity of the samuraihistory and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought ________________________________________________________________________________ Carimo MOHOMED  Resumo: Neste artigo analisa-se o pensamento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), um dos escritores japoneses mais famosos e polémicos que, após tentar um golpe de Estado falhado, cometeu seppuku, o suicídio ritual samurai. Através da leitura e análise das suas obras mais relevantes, podemos ver como o escritor recuperou, releu e reinterpretou elementos da história e cultura japonesas tradicionais para responder a aquilo que ele considerava como a decadência da moderna sociedade japonesa da segunda metade do século XX. Muito importante no pensamento político de Mishima foi a figura do samurai que, para o escritor, corporizava a pureza e a verdadeira alma do povo japonês. Palavras-chaves: Yukio Mishima, Japão, Século XX, Tradição, Modernidade. Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el pensamiento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), uno de los escritores japoneses más famosos y polémicos que, tras intentar un fallido golpe de Estado, se hizo el seppuku, el suicidio ritual samurái. A través de la lectura y análisis de sus obras más relevantes, podemos ver cómo el escritor recuperó, releyó y reinterpretó elementos de la historia y cultura japonesas tradicionales para responder a lo que él consideraba como la decadencia de la moderna sociedad japonesa de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Muy importante en el pensamiento político de Mishima fue la figura del samurái que, para el escritor, corporizaba la pureza y la verdadera alma del pueblo japonés.

A Historiographical Approach to the Qur’an and Shari’a in Late 19th Century India: the Case of Chiragh ‘Ali

História da Historiografia, Apr 29, 2015

Analysing the book The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Ot... more Analysing the book The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Other Mohammadan States (1883) and undertaking a historical contextualization, this paper problematizes the epistemis and epistemological framework underlying the articulation of Chiragh 'Ali's discourse, focusing on how he viewed the Qur'an and Shari'a according to the intellectual debates in the 19 th century. Often refuting, in his writings, missionary and Orientalist criticisms of Islam as being hostile to reason and incapable of reform, Chiragh 'Ali rather argued that the Islamic legal system and schools were human institutions capable of modification. While defending that the Qur'an taught religious doctrine and rules for morality, Chiragh 'Ali held the opinion that it did not support a detailed code of immutable civil law or dictate a specific political system, drawing on an examination of the traditional sources of the Islamic law and methods to overcome the rigidity of traditional theologians.

Islam y Mujer: a propósito de dos obras de Fátima Mernissi

Cadernos Pagu, Jun 1, 2011

Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo... more Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo con él, la mujer en el Islam estaría en una situación de inferioridad y bajo las peores condiciones, siendo el velo, u otra prenda semejante, el símbolo mayor de esa condición, simbolizando todo un mundo de humillaciones y crueldad, y siempre que alguien pretende liberar a la mujer musulmana empieza por pedir que se quite el velo. Sin embargo, estos y otros prejuicios son muy reductores y simplificadores, pues como dijo Zoreh Sefaty, una ayatolá iraní mujer, en una entrevista al periódico El País, el Occidente desconoce que el Islam no hace diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. 1 Por supuesto que hay que considerar esta declaración con alguna cautela, pero es un buen punto de partida para abordar el tema que tenemos ahora en manos, pues como ella también ha dicho, en Europa y en el mundo entero también las mujeres tienen problemas, porque una mujer es una mujer y un

Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present

American Journal of Islam and Society, 2023

Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet w... more Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet when dissected into its various manifestations – leading prayer, preaching, issuing fatwas, transmitting hadith, judging in court, teaching law, theology, and other Islamic sciences and, generally shaping the Islamic scholarly tradition – nuances emerge that hint at the presence of women in the performance of some of these functions. This collection of case studies, covering the period from classical Islam to the present, and taken from across the Twelver Shi‘i Islamic world, reflects on the roles that women have played in exercising religious authority across time and space. Comparative reflection on the case studies allows for the formulation of hypotheses regarding the conditions and developments – whether theological, jurisprudential, social, economic, or political – that enhanced or stifled the flourishing of female religious authority in Twelver Shi‘i Islam.

Jihadism in Europe: European youth and the new caliphate

Politics, Religion & Ideology

The Invention of “Islam”

BRILL eBooks, Nov 10, 2022

Knowledge and Power in Muslim Societies: Approaches in Intellectual History <b>Knowledge and Power in Muslim Societies: Approaches in Intellectual History</b> , edited by Kazuo Morimoto and Sajjad Rizvi, Berlin, Gerlach Press, 2023, VIII + 422 pp., €125.00/£115.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-95994-164-8

Islam and Christian-Muslim relations, Apr 22, 2024

The Sun Rises in the West: A Review Essay on Ismailism

World Journal of Social Science Research

This review essay uses three books to explore some aspects of Ismailism. The books are THE FATIMI... more This review essay uses three books to explore some aspects of Ismailism. The books are THE FATIMIDS 2. THE RULE FROM EGYPT, by Shainool Jiwa. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2023, pp. VIII + 240. ISBN: 9781780769486; COMMAND AND CREATION. A SHI‘I COSMOLOGICAL TREATISE. A Persian edition and English translation of Muḥammad al-Shahrastānī’s Majlis-i maktūb. Edited and Translated by Daryoush Mohammad Poor. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies (Ismaili Texts and Translation Series, 25), 2021, pp. XVI + 138 + LXXXIV. ISBN: 9780755602971; and FAITH AND ETHICS: THE VISION OF THE ISMAILI IMAMAT, by M. Ali Lakhani. London/New York: I. B. Tauris / The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2018, pp. 1 colour illustration + XXIV + 248. ISBN: 9781788312486.

Gardiner H.Shattuck, Jr.: Christian Homeland: Episcopalians and the Middle East, 1820–1958. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023; pp. xx + 280

Journal of religious history, May 10, 2024

Religion as Nation: The Muslims of India and the Debates on &lt;i&gt;qaum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;millat&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;umma&lt;/i&gt; in the 1930s

Social sciences, 2021

This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political ... more This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political process, and its importance for the creation and cohesion of different national communities' identities. It will analyse the discussions occurred around the concepts, and conceptions, of Nation, National Community (qaum), Religious Community (millat), and the Community of Believers (umma), exploring the different, and sometimes opposing, ideas and political doctrines in the 1930s in the context of India's struggle for the independence and creation of a new (Nation-)State. The focus will be on Muslim Indian thinkers and politicians such as Muhammad '

Education and Community Consciousness Among the Muslims of British India * Educação e Consciência De Comunidade Por Entre Os Muçulmanos Da Índia Britânica

História e Cultura, Sep 15, 2015

The object of analysis in this article is the Aligarh Movement, which was the base of the movemen... more The object of analysis in this article is the Aligarh Movement, which was the base of the movement's founder and guiding spirit, the influential modernist Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898), whose project to modernise Muslims was named after a town in the United Provinces that was home to its most important institutions, the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (later, in 1920, Aligarh Muslim University) and the Muhammadan Educational Conference.

“The Days of God”- Muhammad Iqbal’s Conception of Time and History

Journal of Islamic thought and civilization, 2017

Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a prolific writer who authored many works covering various fields ... more Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a prolific writer who authored many works covering various fields and genres such aspoetry, philosophy, and mysticism. He expressed his ideas in many forms and this paper, using his works, especially The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, deals with the question of time and history in his thought, particularly how he distinguished 'the past' from 'the present' and 'the future,' and how he constructed their interrelationships.

Reconsidering ‘Middle East and Islamic studies’ for a changing world

International Critical Thought, Jun 1, 2012

It is generally considered that the expression ‘Middle East’ was coined in 1902 by Alfred Thayer ... more It is generally considered that the expression ‘Middle East’ was coined in 1902 by Alfred Thayer Mahan, in an attempt to delineate a region from the Mediterranean to India. Since then, ‘Middle East’ has become an expression to designate everything related with ‘Islam’ and/or ‘Muslims’, and in recent years a linguistic and political development occurred when, during the Bush administration,

Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present

American journal of Islam and society, Jul 3, 2023

Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet w... more Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet when dissected into its various manifestations – leading prayer, preaching, issuing fatwas, transmitting hadith, judging in court, teaching law, theology, and other Islamic sciences and, generally shaping the Islamic scholarly tradition – nuances emerge that hint at the presence of women in the performance of some of these functions. This collection of case studies, covering the period from classical Islam to the present, and taken from across the Twelver Shi‘i Islamic world, reflects on the roles that women have played in exercising religious authority across time and space. Comparative reflection on the case studies allows for the formulation of hypotheses regarding the conditions and developments – whether theological, jurisprudential, social, economic, or political – that enhanced or stifled the flourishing of female religious authority in Twelver Shi‘i Islam.

Mernissi, Fátima. Sueños en el umbral: memorias de una niña del harén. Barcelona, El Aleph, 2008, e El harén en Occidente. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 2006

Cadernos Pagu, 2009

Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo... more Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo con él, la mujer en el Islam estaría en una situación de inferioridad y bajo las peores condiciones, siendo el velo, u otra prenda semejante, el símbolo mayor de esa condición, simbolizando todo un mundo de humillaciones y crueldad, y siempre que alguien pretende liberar a la mujer musulmana empieza por pedir que se quite el velo. Sin embargo, estos y otros prejuicios son muy reductores y simplificadores, pues como dijo Zoreh Sefaty, una ayatolá iraní mujer, en una entrevista al periódico El País, el Occidente desconoce que el Islam no hace diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. 1 Por supuesto que hay que considerar esta declaración con alguna cautela, pero es un buen punto de partida para abordar el tema que tenemos ahora en manos, pues como ella también ha dicho, en Europa y en el mundo entero también las mujeres tienen problemas, porque una mujer es una mujer y un

The purity of the samurai: history and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought

A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistor... more A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistoria y política en el pensamiento de Yukio Mishima The purity of the samuraihistory and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought ________________________________________________________________________________ Carimo MOHOMED  Resumo: Neste artigo analisa-se o pensamento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), um dos escritores japoneses mais famosos e polémicos que, após tentar um golpe de Estado falhado, cometeu seppuku, o suicídio ritual samurai. Através da leitura e análise das suas obras mais relevantes, podemos ver como o escritor recuperou, releu e reinterpretou elementos da história e cultura japonesas tradicionais para responder a aquilo que ele considerava como a decadência da moderna sociedade japonesa da segunda metade do século XX. Muito importante no pensamento político de Mishima foi a figura do samurai que, para o escritor, corporizava a pureza e a verdadeira alma do povo japonês. Palavras-chaves: Yukio Mishima, Japão, Século XX, Tradição, Modernidade. Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el pensamiento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), uno de los escritores japoneses más famosos y polémicos que, tras intentar un fallido golpe de Estado, se hizo el seppuku, el suicidio ritual samurái. A través de la lectura y análisis de sus obras más relevantes, podemos ver cómo el escritor recuperó, releyó y reinterpretó elementos de la historia y cultura japonesas tradicionales para responder a lo que él consideraba como la decadencia de la moderna sociedad japonesa de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Muy importante en el pensamiento político de Mishima fue la figura del samurái que, para el escritor, corporizaba la pureza y la verdadera alma del pueblo japonés.

The Invention of “Islam”

BRILL eBooks, Nov 10, 2022

Intellectual (Neo-) Imperialism: The Examples of “Islam[ism(s)]” and “Jihad[ism(s)]”

SIASAT Journal, Jan 12, 2022

In the last few decades, Islam has become a central point of reference for a wide range of politi... more In the last few decades, Islam has become a central point of reference for a wide range of political activities, arguments and opposition movements. The term "political Islam", or "Islamism", has been adopted by many scholars in order to identify this seemingly unprecedented irruption of Islamic religion into the secular domain of politics and thus to distinguish these practices from the forms of personal piety, belief, and ritual conventionally subsumed in Western scholarship under the unmarked category "Islam". There have been innumerable websites, voluminous publications and many projects on "Islamism(s)" and "Post-Islamism(s)", the idea that political Islam had failed. However, when reality did not confirm that prediction, a new term was coined: "neo-Islamism". 1 This paper aims to explore the thesis that, as in other fields, these labels are nothing more than an attempt by Area Studies within Western academia to mould reality according to preconceived ideas and according to policy-oriented circles, which are funded by governmental organisations, and that, when dealing with "Islam" and "politics", we are urgently in need of a different epistemology, which can come from several areas or at the intersection of some or all of them. I list those from which I find some inspiration: critical thinking, critical theory, cultural studies, postcolonial theory, decolonial theory, and feminist theory. Critical theory is a social philosophy pertaining to the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power structures. With origins in sociology, as well as in literary criticism, it argues that social problems are influenced and created more by societal structures and cultural assumptions than by individual and psychological factors. Maintaining that ideology is the principal obstacle to human liberation, critical theory was established as a school of thought primarily by the Frankfurt School theoreticians. Postmodern critical theory analyses the fragmentation of cultural identities in order to challenge modernist-era constructs such as metanarratives, rationality, and universal truths, while politicising social problems by situating them in historical and cultural contexts. Practitioners implicate themselves in the process of collecting and analysing data, and relativise their findings. 2 Cultural studies is a field of theoretically, politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture, its historical foundations, defining traits, conflicts, and contingencies, generally investigating how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with or operating through social phenomena, such as ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation, viewing cultures not as fixed, bounded, stable, and discrete entities, but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. A key concern for cultural studies practitioners is the examination of the forces within and through which socially organized people conduct and participate in the construction of their everyday lives. Cultural studies seek to understand how meaning is generated, disseminated, contested, bound up with systems of power and control, and produced from the social, political and economic spheres within a particular social formation or conjuncture. Important theories of cultural

Rethinking the "Middle East" as an Object of Study (AFMA Paper, The 10th Asian Federation of Middle East Studies Associations (AFMA) Conference De/Re-constructing Middle East Studies from Asian Perspectives)

Islamic reformism in India between 1857 and 1947: the conception of state in Chiragh ‘Ali, Muhammad Iqbal and Sayyid Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi

e a contextualização histórica de conceitos, proposta por Quentin Skinner, esta investigação abor... more e a contextualização histórica de conceitos, proposta por Quentin Skinner, esta investigação aborda três intelectuais desse período, Chiragh 'Ali, Muhammad Iqbal e Sayyid Abu'l 'Ala Mawdudi, bem como as suas obras consideradas mais importantes. Assim, através de estudos de caso e comparação qualitativa, nesta investigação analisamos, descrevemos e tentamos compreender os movimentos de reforma islâmica que surgiram na Índia entre os momentos finais da dinastia mogol (1857-1858) e os momentos finais da presença britânica (1947), mais em particular os diversos modelos políticos e de Estado oferecidos por essas três figuras, comparandoos entre si a vários níveis: a biografia, a obra, o pensamento, a herança e discípulos, bem como o legado deixado e debate que originaram em torno de questões como o papel da religião na política e/ou o modelo de Estado a ser seguido no mundo islâmico. Os diferentes modelos políticos oferecidos por cada um dos autores, e as concepções que tinham sobre a relação entre religião e política, reflectem uma diversidade de pensamento, frequentemente contraditória entre si. A tese conclui que o Islão, enquanto objecto de estudo das, e nas, ciências sociais, tem que ser repensado e redefinido, bem como os conceitos de Shari'a, Religião, Política, Estado, Igreja, Secularismo, Modernidade, pois cada um deles assume diferentes formas em diferentes contextos temporais e geográficos, incluindo naquilo que é chamado de Ocidente, e cada um deles interage com os outros numa multiplicidade de formas, não havendo modelos únicos ou essencialistas.

A pureza do samurai: história e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima

História, Jun 1, 2012

A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistor... more A pureza do samuraihistória e política no pensamento de Yukio Mishima La pureza del samuráihistoria y política en el pensamiento de Yukio Mishima The purity of the samuraihistory and politics in Yukio Mishima's thought ________________________________________________________________________________ Carimo MOHOMED  Resumo: Neste artigo analisa-se o pensamento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), um dos escritores japoneses mais famosos e polémicos que, após tentar um golpe de Estado falhado, cometeu seppuku, o suicídio ritual samurai. Através da leitura e análise das suas obras mais relevantes, podemos ver como o escritor recuperou, releu e reinterpretou elementos da história e cultura japonesas tradicionais para responder a aquilo que ele considerava como a decadência da moderna sociedade japonesa da segunda metade do século XX. Muito importante no pensamento político de Mishima foi a figura do samurai que, para o escritor, corporizava a pureza e a verdadeira alma do povo japonês. Palavras-chaves: Yukio Mishima, Japão, Século XX, Tradição, Modernidade. Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el pensamiento político de Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), uno de los escritores japoneses más famosos y polémicos que, tras intentar un fallido golpe de Estado, se hizo el seppuku, el suicidio ritual samurái. A través de la lectura y análisis de sus obras más relevantes, podemos ver cómo el escritor recuperó, releyó y reinterpretó elementos de la historia y cultura japonesas tradicionales para responder a lo que él consideraba como la decadencia de la moderna sociedad japonesa de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Muy importante en el pensamiento político de Mishima fue la figura del samurái que, para el escritor, corporizaba la pureza y la verdadera alma del pueblo japonés.

A Historiographical Approach to the Qur’an and Shari’a in Late 19th Century India: the Case of Chiragh ‘Ali

História da Historiografia, Apr 29, 2015

Analysing the book The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Ot... more Analysing the book The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Other Mohammadan States (1883) and undertaking a historical contextualization, this paper problematizes the epistemis and epistemological framework underlying the articulation of Chiragh 'Ali's discourse, focusing on how he viewed the Qur'an and Shari'a according to the intellectual debates in the 19 th century. Often refuting, in his writings, missionary and Orientalist criticisms of Islam as being hostile to reason and incapable of reform, Chiragh 'Ali rather argued that the Islamic legal system and schools were human institutions capable of modification. While defending that the Qur'an taught religious doctrine and rules for morality, Chiragh 'Ali held the opinion that it did not support a detailed code of immutable civil law or dictate a specific political system, drawing on an examination of the traditional sources of the Islamic law and methods to overcome the rigidity of traditional theologians.

Islam y Mujer: a propósito de dos obras de Fátima Mernissi

Cadernos Pagu, Jun 1, 2011

Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo... more Uno de los tópicos que se suele asociar al Islam es el de la condición de la mujer, y, de acuerdo con él, la mujer en el Islam estaría en una situación de inferioridad y bajo las peores condiciones, siendo el velo, u otra prenda semejante, el símbolo mayor de esa condición, simbolizando todo un mundo de humillaciones y crueldad, y siempre que alguien pretende liberar a la mujer musulmana empieza por pedir que se quite el velo. Sin embargo, estos y otros prejuicios son muy reductores y simplificadores, pues como dijo Zoreh Sefaty, una ayatolá iraní mujer, en una entrevista al periódico El País, el Occidente desconoce que el Islam no hace diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. 1 Por supuesto que hay que considerar esta declaración con alguna cautela, pero es un buen punto de partida para abordar el tema que tenemos ahora en manos, pues como ella también ha dicho, en Europa y en el mundo entero también las mujeres tienen problemas, porque una mujer es una mujer y un

Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present

American Journal of Islam and Society, 2023

Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet w... more Islamic religious authority is conventionally understood to be an exclusively male purview. Yet when dissected into its various manifestations – leading prayer, preaching, issuing fatwas, transmitting hadith, judging in court, teaching law, theology, and other Islamic sciences and, generally shaping the Islamic scholarly tradition – nuances emerge that hint at the presence of women in the performance of some of these functions. This collection of case studies, covering the period from classical Islam to the present, and taken from across the Twelver Shi‘i Islamic world, reflects on the roles that women have played in exercising religious authority across time and space. Comparative reflection on the case studies allows for the formulation of hypotheses regarding the conditions and developments – whether theological, jurisprudential, social, economic, or political – that enhanced or stifled the flourishing of female religious authority in Twelver Shi‘i Islam.

Jihadism in Europe: European youth and the new caliphate

Politics, Religion & Ideology

The Invention of “Islam”

BRILL eBooks, Nov 10, 2022

Islam and International Relations: Contributions to Theory and Practice

by Nassef M Adiong, Ahmed Al-Dawoody, and Carimo Mohomed

This edited volume conceives of International Relations (IR) not as a unilateral project, but mor... more This edited volume conceives of International Relations (IR) not as a unilateral project, but more as an intellectual platform. It is in this vein of thought that each contributor explores Islamic contributions to the field, addressing the theories and practices of the Islamic civilization and of Muslim societies with regards to international affairs and to the discipline of IR. The inclusion of Muslim contributions is not meant to create an isolationist, judicious divide between what is Islamic and what is not. Instead, this study supports the inclusion of that knowledge as a building block in the field of IR. An outcome of the Co-IRIS team (International Relations and Islamic Studies Research Cohort), this study draws together the combined expertise of scholars of Islam in international affairs.