This article explores the reproduction of Egypt's post-revolutionary political economy under the ... more This article explores the reproduction of Egypt's post-revolutionary political economy under the military regime. Through an examination of tax and fiscal policy, the authors argue that a strategic wedding of seemingly contradictory state types allows the current regime to create a hybrid they call 'statist neoliberalism'. The article argues that this hybrid form is not accidental, but is an intentional project that allows the state to sustain neoliberal reforms, whilst maintaining its long-standing control over society and the economy. La négociation du néolibéralisme étatique : la politique économique de l'Egypte postrévolutionnaire RÉSUMÉ Cet article explore la reproduction de la politique économique postrévolutionnaire en Egypte sous le régime militaire. A travers une étude de la politique fiscale, les auteurs avancent qu'un mariage stratégique entre deux types d'Etat à priori contradictoires permet au régime actuel de créer un Etat hybride qu'ils nomment « étatisme néolibéral ». Cet article fait valoir que cette forme hybride n'est pas accidentelle, mais est un projet intentionnel qui permet à l'Etat d'entretenir des réformes néolibérales, tout en maintenant son contrôle de longue date sur la société et l'économie.
Across Dar es Salaam, residents struggled to cope with the enormous amount of water left by the E... more Across Dar es Salaam, residents struggled to cope with the enormous amount of water left by the El Nino rains that had, over the course of several days in February 1998, swept through the city with unprecedented intensity. Low-lying areas previously unaffected by heavy rains were under several feet of water; water-borne illnesses such as cholera and dysentery had begun to spread as a result of inundated pit latrines; many of the city’s roads, rutted and irregular in dry weather, were no longer passable. The residents of Kipembezo faced an additional problem: the bridge connecting the two parts of the community divided by a seasonal creek had been washed away.1
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2011
As world leaders increasingly recognize the dual imperatives of mitigating carbon emissions and e... more As world leaders increasingly recognize the dual imperatives of mitigating carbon emissions and ensuring economic growth, emissions trading schemes have become popular policy options to pursue sustainable development goals. As the foremost program of sustainable development to date, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has held out hope that low-cost abatement in the global North could be achieved by channeling investments to the global South, creating a win-win situation of both mitigation and economic development. Unfortunately, the results of the CDM have shown an asymmetrical distribution of benefits in the global South despite contrary objectives. This paper argues that the investment climate promoted by the CDM excludes many developing nation markets from participation, thereby limiting one of the key benefits promised by CDM proponents. This is partly because the CDM encourages investors to seek projects that are doubly profitable, ones that demonstrate the potential to gene...
ABSTRACT While water access is a major concern for all residents in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, th... more ABSTRACT While water access is a major concern for all residents in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, the difficulty of hauling water is particularly pronounced in the informal settlements that are significant portions of both cities. This is an inequality that has only recently begun to be recognized as an injustice between rich and poor. Rooted in the segregation of colonial rule, it is sustained by the continuing injustice of land policies and the multiple complications involved with upgrading urban settlements.
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Across the global South, urban residents have come to play a much greater role in the provision o... more Across the global South, urban residents have come to play a much greater role in the provision of basic public services through a variety of government-community partnerships. Often referred to as public-public partnerships (PuPs), such arrangements are thought to be essential to ensure that services are efficient, equitable, sustainable and responsive to the needs and interests of heterogeneous communities. This paper draws on original research and secondary data to analyse the strengths and limitations of PuPs with respect to water provision in contemporary Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It explores two ways that community-based organisations (CBOs) have become partners in the delivery of water and draws attention to the external support received by the most successful community partners.
The current discourse and practice of international development rest on the assumption that commu... more The current discourse and practice of international development rest on the assumption that community-based participation is an essential component of efforts to facilitate change across the global South. Such participation is thought not only to ensure efficiency and sustainability, but also to accelerate broader structural transformation by empowering individuals to exercise agency in relation to development. This article seeks to contribute to critical participation studies by analysing the broader processes and structures that shape participatory opportunities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The author argues that by promoting community-based organizations (CBOs), national and transnational development actors have produced and legitimated a system of popular participation that, in contrast to their claims, disempowers local citizens. Paradoxically, these CBOs have further contributed to the exclusion of the majority of community actors. 1. For an earlier discussion of this tension, in which participation was dichotomized into means/ends classifications, see Nelson and Wright (1995).
, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection w... more , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
CHAPTER 7 Historians and the Study of Protest* BRIAN DILL AND RONALD AMINZADE THE DISCIPLINE OF H... more CHAPTER 7 Historians and the Study of Protest* BRIAN DILL AND RONALD AMINZADE THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY In reflecting on the distinctive way in which historians have approached the study of social movements and collective action, we call attention to a number of ...
Among the many challenges confronting Dares Salaam’s residential areas, lack of access to improve... more Among the many challenges confronting Dares Salaam’s residential areas, lack of access to improved water sources is arguably the most enduring, problematic, and important. As a result of the water system’s low production capacity, high rates of leakage, and limited coverage, the vast majority of the city’s households regularly struggle to meet their daily water needs. Although the situation is, for obvious reasons, more acute in unplanned settlements, residents of surveyed areas are by no means assured delivery of this essential service. Efforts to ascertain the true scope of the problem, however, have been impeded by the fact that data on water distribution and consumption are both politically sensitive and of questionable veracity.1 Bearing this in mind, two studies published in the past decade give a good indication of the scale of the problem. The first report, which was produced by an INGO critical of privatization efforts, presents a particularly dire view of the situation: The water system [has] failed to keep up with population growth in the city, and by 2003 only 98,000 households in a city of 2.5 million people had a direct water connection [approximately 16% of the population]. Only 26% of water was being billed, 60% was lost through leaks, and a further 13% through unauthorised use, illegal taps and non-payers. Even those with connections only received water irregularly, and the water quality was poor. In low income areas, the vast majority of households had no water connection at all, relying instead on buying water from kiosks, water vendors or their neighbors, at more than three times the price.2
: The “institutional turn” in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of fa... more : The “institutional turn” in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of facilitating the emergence of institutions that will improve citizens' abilities to make choices. More important, it has suggested that the effectiveness of these institutions depends upon their ability to “work with the grain” of the local sociocultural environment. This article argues that community-based organizations (CBOs), as one prominent embodiment of institutional blueprints guiding relationships between state and nonstate actors in development efforts, are a poor fit in the context of contemporary urban Tanzania. This is because they are not consonant with the norms that have long governed popular participation in either the development process or associational life. Although the specific conclusions are limited to Dar es Salaam, the study calls for a method of interrogation that is not only historically and sociologically grounded, but also broadly applicable to other development issues.
This article explores the reproduction of Egypt's post-revolutionary political economy under the ... more This article explores the reproduction of Egypt's post-revolutionary political economy under the military regime. Through an examination of tax and fiscal policy, the authors argue that a strategic wedding of seemingly contradictory state types allows the current regime to create a hybrid they call 'statist neoliberalism'. The article argues that this hybrid form is not accidental, but is an intentional project that allows the state to sustain neoliberal reforms, whilst maintaining its long-standing control over society and the economy. La négociation du néolibéralisme étatique : la politique économique de l'Egypte postrévolutionnaire RÉSUMÉ Cet article explore la reproduction de la politique économique postrévolutionnaire en Egypte sous le régime militaire. A travers une étude de la politique fiscale, les auteurs avancent qu'un mariage stratégique entre deux types d'Etat à priori contradictoires permet au régime actuel de créer un Etat hybride qu'ils nomment « étatisme néolibéral ». Cet article fait valoir que cette forme hybride n'est pas accidentelle, mais est un projet intentionnel qui permet à l'Etat d'entretenir des réformes néolibérales, tout en maintenant son contrôle de longue date sur la société et l'économie.
Across Dar es Salaam, residents struggled to cope with the enormous amount of water left by the E... more Across Dar es Salaam, residents struggled to cope with the enormous amount of water left by the El Nino rains that had, over the course of several days in February 1998, swept through the city with unprecedented intensity. Low-lying areas previously unaffected by heavy rains were under several feet of water; water-borne illnesses such as cholera and dysentery had begun to spread as a result of inundated pit latrines; many of the city’s roads, rutted and irregular in dry weather, were no longer passable. The residents of Kipembezo faced an additional problem: the bridge connecting the two parts of the community divided by a seasonal creek had been washed away.1
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2011
As world leaders increasingly recognize the dual imperatives of mitigating carbon emissions and e... more As world leaders increasingly recognize the dual imperatives of mitigating carbon emissions and ensuring economic growth, emissions trading schemes have become popular policy options to pursue sustainable development goals. As the foremost program of sustainable development to date, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has held out hope that low-cost abatement in the global North could be achieved by channeling investments to the global South, creating a win-win situation of both mitigation and economic development. Unfortunately, the results of the CDM have shown an asymmetrical distribution of benefits in the global South despite contrary objectives. This paper argues that the investment climate promoted by the CDM excludes many developing nation markets from participation, thereby limiting one of the key benefits promised by CDM proponents. This is partly because the CDM encourages investors to seek projects that are doubly profitable, ones that demonstrate the potential to gene...
ABSTRACT While water access is a major concern for all residents in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, th... more ABSTRACT While water access is a major concern for all residents in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, the difficulty of hauling water is particularly pronounced in the informal settlements that are significant portions of both cities. This is an inequality that has only recently begun to be recognized as an injustice between rich and poor. Rooted in the segregation of colonial rule, it is sustained by the continuing injustice of land policies and the multiple complications involved with upgrading urban settlements.
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Across the global South, urban residents have come to play a much greater role in the provision o... more Across the global South, urban residents have come to play a much greater role in the provision of basic public services through a variety of government-community partnerships. Often referred to as public-public partnerships (PuPs), such arrangements are thought to be essential to ensure that services are efficient, equitable, sustainable and responsive to the needs and interests of heterogeneous communities. This paper draws on original research and secondary data to analyse the strengths and limitations of PuPs with respect to water provision in contemporary Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It explores two ways that community-based organisations (CBOs) have become partners in the delivery of water and draws attention to the external support received by the most successful community partners.
The current discourse and practice of international development rest on the assumption that commu... more The current discourse and practice of international development rest on the assumption that community-based participation is an essential component of efforts to facilitate change across the global South. Such participation is thought not only to ensure efficiency and sustainability, but also to accelerate broader structural transformation by empowering individuals to exercise agency in relation to development. This article seeks to contribute to critical participation studies by analysing the broader processes and structures that shape participatory opportunities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The author argues that by promoting community-based organizations (CBOs), national and transnational development actors have produced and legitimated a system of popular participation that, in contrast to their claims, disempowers local citizens. Paradoxically, these CBOs have further contributed to the exclusion of the majority of community actors. 1. For an earlier discussion of this tension, in which participation was dichotomized into means/ends classifications, see Nelson and Wright (1995).
, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection w... more , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
CHAPTER 7 Historians and the Study of Protest* BRIAN DILL AND RONALD AMINZADE THE DISCIPLINE OF H... more CHAPTER 7 Historians and the Study of Protest* BRIAN DILL AND RONALD AMINZADE THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY In reflecting on the distinctive way in which historians have approached the study of social movements and collective action, we call attention to a number of ...
Among the many challenges confronting Dares Salaam’s residential areas, lack of access to improve... more Among the many challenges confronting Dares Salaam’s residential areas, lack of access to improved water sources is arguably the most enduring, problematic, and important. As a result of the water system’s low production capacity, high rates of leakage, and limited coverage, the vast majority of the city’s households regularly struggle to meet their daily water needs. Although the situation is, for obvious reasons, more acute in unplanned settlements, residents of surveyed areas are by no means assured delivery of this essential service. Efforts to ascertain the true scope of the problem, however, have been impeded by the fact that data on water distribution and consumption are both politically sensitive and of questionable veracity.1 Bearing this in mind, two studies published in the past decade give a good indication of the scale of the problem. The first report, which was produced by an INGO critical of privatization efforts, presents a particularly dire view of the situation: The water system [has] failed to keep up with population growth in the city, and by 2003 only 98,000 households in a city of 2.5 million people had a direct water connection [approximately 16% of the population]. Only 26% of water was being billed, 60% was lost through leaks, and a further 13% through unauthorised use, illegal taps and non-payers. Even those with connections only received water irregularly, and the water quality was poor. In low income areas, the vast majority of households had no water connection at all, relying instead on buying water from kiosks, water vendors or their neighbors, at more than three times the price.2
: The “institutional turn” in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of fa... more : The “institutional turn” in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of facilitating the emergence of institutions that will improve citizens' abilities to make choices. More important, it has suggested that the effectiveness of these institutions depends upon their ability to “work with the grain” of the local sociocultural environment. This article argues that community-based organizations (CBOs), as one prominent embodiment of institutional blueprints guiding relationships between state and nonstate actors in development efforts, are a poor fit in the context of contemporary urban Tanzania. This is because they are not consonant with the norms that have long governed popular participation in either the development process or associational life. Although the specific conclusions are limited to Dar es Salaam, the study calls for a method of interrogation that is not only historically and sociologically grounded, but also broadly applicable to other development issues.
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