... 11 Page 12. De Soto, H.: 2001, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West an... more ... 11 Page 12. De Soto, H.: 2001, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, Black Swan, London. Ekeh ... 17. Jamal, V. and Weeks, J.: 1993, Africa Misunderstood, Macmillan, London. ...
Abstract: One of the unifying themes of development studies is the nascent social capital researc... more Abstract: One of the unifying themes of development studies is the nascent social capital research. Its conceptualisation has however, remained hotly contested. Considering the motley of papers, both empirical and theoretical, on the subject, it is not difficult to see that ...
Using primary survey data from two agro-ecologically distinct rural communities in eastern Nigeri... more Using primary survey data from two agro-ecologically distinct rural communities in eastern Nigeria, this paper examines the determinants of livelihood diversification away from agriculture and the manner in which agro-ecological differences affect such diversification. The probability of participating in non-agricultural activities was estimated in an endogeneity-controlled, probit model employing data on household assets, demographics, human capital, as well as a
The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controvers... more The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controversy between the developed countries of the North and the developing countries of the South concerning access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of its benefits. Developed countries assert ownership claims on associated technologies, while developing countries claim ownership of genetic resources. The heart of the matter, however, lies in the application of conflicting conventions and protocols in respect of genetic resources and biotechnology: genetic resources are treated as public goods, while biotechnology is treated as a private good. Developing countries that claim ownership to a large reserve of the earth's pool of genetic resource feel that this exposes them to the exploitative tendencies of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are mainly owned by developed countries of the North. MNCs exploit the advantages as well as the weaknesses in the various conventions increasingly to monopolize the seed and germplasm industry, without due consideration for farmers and developing countries. This paper analyses these developments and proposes that a better regime of benefit sharing that recognizes farmers' or indigenous rights alongside patents and plant breeders' rights will go a long way to introducing a more even playing field that is mutually favourable to both parties.
The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controvers... more The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controversy between the developed countries of the North and the developing countries of the South concerning access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of its benefits. Developed countries assert ownership claims on associated technologies, while developing countries claim ownership of genetic resources. The heart of the matter, however, lies in the application of conflicting conventions and protocols in respect of genetic resources and biotechnology: genetic resources are treated as public goods, while biotechnology is treated as a private good. Developing countries that claim ownership to a large reserve of the earth's pool of genetic resource feel that this exposes them to the exploitative tendencies of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are mainly owned by developed countries of the North. MNCs exploit the advantages as well as the weaknesses in the various conventions increasingly to monopolize the seed and germplasm industry, without due consideration for farmers and developing countries. This paper analyses these developments and proposes that a better regime of benefit sharing that recognizes farmers' or indigenous rights alongside patents and plant breeders' rights will go a long way to introducing a more even playing field that is mutually favourable to both parties.
Spatially explicit land use/cover models are indispensable for sustainable rural land use plannin... more Spatially explicit land use/cover models are indispensable for sustainable rural land use planning, particularly in southern African countries that are experiencing rapid land use/cover changes. Using Zimbabwe as an example, we simulated future land use/cover changes up to 2030 based on a Markov-cellular automata model that integrates Markovian transition probabilities computed from satellite-derived land use/cover maps and a cellular automata spatial filter. A multicriteria evaluation (MCE) procedure was used to generate transition potential maps from biophysical and socioeconomic data. Dynamic adjustments of transition probabilities and transition potential map thresholds were implemented in the Markov-cellular automata model through a multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) procedure. Using the normalised transition probabilities, the Markov-cellular automata model simulated future land use/cover changes (up to 2030) under the 2000 calibration scenario, predicting a continuing downward trend in woodland areas and an upward trend in bareland areas. Future land use/cover simulations indicated that if the current land use/cover trends continue in the study area without holistic sustainable development measures, severe land degradation will ensue.
The charged debate on the "C-S-R-ization" of organisational practices seems to have produced two ... more The charged debate on the "C-S-R-ization" of organisational practices seems to have produced two opposing and seemingly incompatible explanations for why organisations should engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR); one, the normative rationale based on idealistic or normative appeal to ethics the instrumental rationale, and the other, based on an appeal to business pragmatism.
Sustainable finance is gradually gaining a centre stage in contemporary corporate social responsi... more Sustainable finance is gradually gaining a centre stage in contemporary corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourse, especially through the growing legitimacy of social responsible investments (SRI). While most of the emerging trends in CSR-led sustainable finance could be arguably linked to dominant western (developed economies) CSR interests and ideologies, the socio-economic challenges posed by exclusion from access to financial services due to socio-economic conditions in developing economies, appear to be underrepresented in the extant CSR literature. In line with this observation and drawing from the Nigerian context, this paper examines the seeming 'contradictory' implications of financial exclusion for financial institutions operating in developing economies: first as a socio-economic malaise with potential adverse effects on firms' profitability by, for instance, shrinking and limiting their market reach; and secondly as a source of strategic opportunities to enhance their brands as good corporate citizens and mitigate probable risk of 'harsh' regulatory policies to combat financial exclusion. It further argues that by reducing financial exclusion, financial institutions in developing economies could contribute more meaningfully to the fight against poverty and social exclusion, and fill in a gap in sustainable finance discourse.
... Where land is scarce as in Nguru, subsistence farming on own farm or on rented farm is quite ... more ... Where land is scarce as in Nguru, subsistence farming on own farm or on rented farm is quite common. ... The same story holds for the F strategy. ... The main two-activity strategies are commercefarm (CF), commerceskilled nonfarm (CS), commercelow skilled non farm (CL), ...
The eighteenth-century introduction of the scientific method of the natural sciences to the study... more The eighteenth-century introduction of the scientific method of the natural sciences to the study of social phenomena draws a line between moral philosophy -that aspect of ancient and medieval philosophy that dealt with social issues -and the social sciences as known today. From the onset, the emerging social science, or rather, its epistemological orientation to 'social scientism,' was vigorously challenged by many critics who saw it as a reductionist and mechanistic understanding of human beings and their society. In recent times, this criticism has narrowed down to the critique of the rationalist assumptions or rational choice theory on which much of social scientism is built. Critics of the natural science ideal in the social sciences argue that the subject matter of the social sciences -human beings, their society and interactions -is so complex and different a system that subjecting it to the crucible of the scientific method of the natural, positivist sciences not only limits its understanding but leaves it with an abrasive and distorting impact. In the same manner, critiques of rational choice theory argue that it is a reductionism that does not account for a significant proportion of human actions and motives. What seems to be advocated for is a sort of social science method that addresses the shortcomings of the scientific method applied to social phenomena and employs a more robust model of human action that supersedes the rational choice model. This paper however posits that rationalist assumptions or rational choice theory is not peculiar to social scientism but lies at the foundation of modern and contemporary science and its method. We trace out the centrality of individual rationality assumptions in the general epistemology of the scientific method and social scienticism within the context of the centuries-old debate on the limitations of the scientific method in the social sciences. Our thesis hints at the impossibility of a modern and contemporary scientific model of either nature (physics) or society that does not assume individualist or subjective rationality.
Using GTAP's CGE Model, this paper implements a comparative analysis of bilateral and regiona... more Using GTAP's CGE Model, this paper implements a comparative analysis of bilateral and regional free trade arrangements between Japan and partner countries within Asia-Pacific region with which negotiations are currently under way. These countries include ...
... Journal Help. About The Author Bongo Adi University of Tsukuba Japan. A Nigerian, is a PhD st... more ... Journal Help. About The Author Bongo Adi University of Tsukuba Japan. A Nigerian, is a PhD student at the University of Tsukuba, Japan and a visiting lecturer to Reitaku University, also in Japan. ... Can Help. Bongo Adi. Abstract. ...
... 11 Page 12. De Soto, H.: 2001, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West an... more ... 11 Page 12. De Soto, H.: 2001, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, Black Swan, London. Ekeh ... 17. Jamal, V. and Weeks, J.: 1993, Africa Misunderstood, Macmillan, London. ...
Abstract: One of the unifying themes of development studies is the nascent social capital researc... more Abstract: One of the unifying themes of development studies is the nascent social capital research. Its conceptualisation has however, remained hotly contested. Considering the motley of papers, both empirical and theoretical, on the subject, it is not difficult to see that ...
Using primary survey data from two agro-ecologically distinct rural communities in eastern Nigeri... more Using primary survey data from two agro-ecologically distinct rural communities in eastern Nigeria, this paper examines the determinants of livelihood diversification away from agriculture and the manner in which agro-ecological differences affect such diversification. The probability of participating in non-agricultural activities was estimated in an endogeneity-controlled, probit model employing data on household assets, demographics, human capital, as well as a
The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controvers... more The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controversy between the developed countries of the North and the developing countries of the South concerning access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of its benefits. Developed countries assert ownership claims on associated technologies, while developing countries claim ownership of genetic resources. The heart of the matter, however, lies in the application of conflicting conventions and protocols in respect of genetic resources and biotechnology: genetic resources are treated as public goods, while biotechnology is treated as a private good. Developing countries that claim ownership to a large reserve of the earth's pool of genetic resource feel that this exposes them to the exploitative tendencies of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are mainly owned by developed countries of the North. MNCs exploit the advantages as well as the weaknesses in the various conventions increasingly to monopolize the seed and germplasm industry, without due consideration for farmers and developing countries. This paper analyses these developments and proposes that a better regime of benefit sharing that recognizes farmers' or indigenous rights alongside patents and plant breeders' rights will go a long way to introducing a more even playing field that is mutually favourable to both parties.
The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controvers... more The recent revolution in the field of biotechnology has triggered off another round of controversy between the developed countries of the North and the developing countries of the South concerning access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of its benefits. Developed countries assert ownership claims on associated technologies, while developing countries claim ownership of genetic resources. The heart of the matter, however, lies in the application of conflicting conventions and protocols in respect of genetic resources and biotechnology: genetic resources are treated as public goods, while biotechnology is treated as a private good. Developing countries that claim ownership to a large reserve of the earth's pool of genetic resource feel that this exposes them to the exploitative tendencies of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are mainly owned by developed countries of the North. MNCs exploit the advantages as well as the weaknesses in the various conventions increasingly to monopolize the seed and germplasm industry, without due consideration for farmers and developing countries. This paper analyses these developments and proposes that a better regime of benefit sharing that recognizes farmers' or indigenous rights alongside patents and plant breeders' rights will go a long way to introducing a more even playing field that is mutually favourable to both parties.
Spatially explicit land use/cover models are indispensable for sustainable rural land use plannin... more Spatially explicit land use/cover models are indispensable for sustainable rural land use planning, particularly in southern African countries that are experiencing rapid land use/cover changes. Using Zimbabwe as an example, we simulated future land use/cover changes up to 2030 based on a Markov-cellular automata model that integrates Markovian transition probabilities computed from satellite-derived land use/cover maps and a cellular automata spatial filter. A multicriteria evaluation (MCE) procedure was used to generate transition potential maps from biophysical and socioeconomic data. Dynamic adjustments of transition probabilities and transition potential map thresholds were implemented in the Markov-cellular automata model through a multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) procedure. Using the normalised transition probabilities, the Markov-cellular automata model simulated future land use/cover changes (up to 2030) under the 2000 calibration scenario, predicting a continuing downward trend in woodland areas and an upward trend in bareland areas. Future land use/cover simulations indicated that if the current land use/cover trends continue in the study area without holistic sustainable development measures, severe land degradation will ensue.
The charged debate on the "C-S-R-ization" of organisational practices seems to have produced two ... more The charged debate on the "C-S-R-ization" of organisational practices seems to have produced two opposing and seemingly incompatible explanations for why organisations should engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR); one, the normative rationale based on idealistic or normative appeal to ethics the instrumental rationale, and the other, based on an appeal to business pragmatism.
Sustainable finance is gradually gaining a centre stage in contemporary corporate social responsi... more Sustainable finance is gradually gaining a centre stage in contemporary corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourse, especially through the growing legitimacy of social responsible investments (SRI). While most of the emerging trends in CSR-led sustainable finance could be arguably linked to dominant western (developed economies) CSR interests and ideologies, the socio-economic challenges posed by exclusion from access to financial services due to socio-economic conditions in developing economies, appear to be underrepresented in the extant CSR literature. In line with this observation and drawing from the Nigerian context, this paper examines the seeming 'contradictory' implications of financial exclusion for financial institutions operating in developing economies: first as a socio-economic malaise with potential adverse effects on firms' profitability by, for instance, shrinking and limiting their market reach; and secondly as a source of strategic opportunities to enhance their brands as good corporate citizens and mitigate probable risk of 'harsh' regulatory policies to combat financial exclusion. It further argues that by reducing financial exclusion, financial institutions in developing economies could contribute more meaningfully to the fight against poverty and social exclusion, and fill in a gap in sustainable finance discourse.
... Where land is scarce as in Nguru, subsistence farming on own farm or on rented farm is quite ... more ... Where land is scarce as in Nguru, subsistence farming on own farm or on rented farm is quite common. ... The same story holds for the F strategy. ... The main two-activity strategies are commercefarm (CF), commerceskilled nonfarm (CS), commercelow skilled non farm (CL), ...
The eighteenth-century introduction of the scientific method of the natural sciences to the study... more The eighteenth-century introduction of the scientific method of the natural sciences to the study of social phenomena draws a line between moral philosophy -that aspect of ancient and medieval philosophy that dealt with social issues -and the social sciences as known today. From the onset, the emerging social science, or rather, its epistemological orientation to 'social scientism,' was vigorously challenged by many critics who saw it as a reductionist and mechanistic understanding of human beings and their society. In recent times, this criticism has narrowed down to the critique of the rationalist assumptions or rational choice theory on which much of social scientism is built. Critics of the natural science ideal in the social sciences argue that the subject matter of the social sciences -human beings, their society and interactions -is so complex and different a system that subjecting it to the crucible of the scientific method of the natural, positivist sciences not only limits its understanding but leaves it with an abrasive and distorting impact. In the same manner, critiques of rational choice theory argue that it is a reductionism that does not account for a significant proportion of human actions and motives. What seems to be advocated for is a sort of social science method that addresses the shortcomings of the scientific method applied to social phenomena and employs a more robust model of human action that supersedes the rational choice model. This paper however posits that rationalist assumptions or rational choice theory is not peculiar to social scientism but lies at the foundation of modern and contemporary science and its method. We trace out the centrality of individual rationality assumptions in the general epistemology of the scientific method and social scienticism within the context of the centuries-old debate on the limitations of the scientific method in the social sciences. Our thesis hints at the impossibility of a modern and contemporary scientific model of either nature (physics) or society that does not assume individualist or subjective rationality.
Using GTAP's CGE Model, this paper implements a comparative analysis of bilateral and regiona... more Using GTAP's CGE Model, this paper implements a comparative analysis of bilateral and regional free trade arrangements between Japan and partner countries within Asia-Pacific region with which negotiations are currently under way. These countries include ...
... Journal Help. About The Author Bongo Adi University of Tsukuba Japan. A Nigerian, is a PhD st... more ... Journal Help. About The Author Bongo Adi University of Tsukuba Japan. A Nigerian, is a PhD student at the University of Tsukuba, Japan and a visiting lecturer to Reitaku University, also in Japan. ... Can Help. Bongo Adi. Abstract. ...
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