Bolanle Abe

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Andrej Dujella

University of Zagreb

Hemin Koyi

Uppsala University

Jana Javornik

University of East London

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Graham Martin

University of Leicester

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

John Sutton

Macquarie University

Eros Carvalho

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Kevin Arbuckle

Swansea University

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Papers by Bolanle Abe

Modeling and Analysis of Multiple Capacitor Coupled Substations at Different Proximities

2023 31st Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC)

Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformers Using Duval Triangle

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

Timely incipient fault identification in power transformers plays a very important role in improv... more Timely incipient fault identification in power transformers plays a very important role in improving transformer maintenance. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) interpretation is a successful technique to detect incipient faults in power transformers. In this paper, dissolved gas analysis interpretation using Duval triangle technique is used to identify the type of faults in ten oil-immersed power transformers. The evaluation is based on the DGA data obtained from oil samples of the transformers and MATLAB program of Duval triangle developed. The results show that thermal faults were predominant in all the transformers.

Analysis of Water Treatment Plant Reliability Through WASRI Technique

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

Water may be treated differently in different communities depending on the quality of the water t... more Water may be treated differently in different communities depending on the quality of the water that enters the treatment plant. Typically, surface water requires more treatment and filtration than groundwater because lakes, rivers, and streams contain more sediment and pollutants and are more likely to be contaminated than groundwater. Some water supplies may also contain disinfection by-products, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, and radionuclides. Specialized methods for controlling formation or removing them can also be part of water treatment. The study presents an approach to prioritize Water treatment plant maintenance activities based on system reliability and cost-effectiveness. The object of this approach is to minimize the weighted average system reliability index (WASRI) by ranking maintenance tasks based on their marginal benefit to cost ratios, where the benefit is defined as improvement in WASRI. Estimations of WASRI improvement are obtained by utilizing the linear relationship between the benefit obtained from a maintenance task and the change of failure rate of the maintained component.

Effect of increasing energy demand on the corrosion rate of buried pipelines in the vicinity of high voltage overhead transmission lines

2015 Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines & Power Electronics (ACEMP), 2015 Intl Conference on Optimization of Electrical & Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) & 2015 Intl Symposium on Advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems (ELECTROMOTION)

There are continuous cases of pipelines sharing corridor with high voltage overhead transmission ... more There are continuous cases of pipelines sharing corridor with high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVTLs) both in rural and urban areas due to economic reasons, increasing energy demand, environmental factors and land use regulations. There is induction of voltage on the pipes due to inductive, capacitive and resistive coupling between the pipelines and the HVTLs, which accelerate corrosion of pipes. In this work, we present the effect of increase in energy demand on the corrosion rate of buried steel pipelines in the vicinity of HVTLs. The corrosion penetration rate of a buried pipeline with variations in the line current of a nearby overhead single circuit transmission line of vertical geometry was computed using existing relations from literature. The results obtained showed that increase in line current increases the corrosion rate of the pipeline. It can therefore be inferred from the results that a pipeline sharing corridor with transmission lines in urban cities and industrial areas where the energy demand is high will experience greater corrosion than those in rural areas where load demand is less, assuming the same condition of soil resistivity and its composition. Also, AC corrosion mitigation system and cathodic protection criteria need to be reviewed from time to time to meet the trend in energy demand.

Leakage detection algorithm integrating water distribution networks hydraulic model

Influence of AC interference on the cathodic protection potentials of pipelines: Towards a comprehensive picture

2017 IEEE AFRICON, 2017

AC interference on metallic structures has been a major challenge to the operational services of ... more AC interference on metallic structures has been a major challenge to the operational services of utilities around the world. As a result of frequent installation of metallic pipelines in the energy utility corridor of transmission lines, AC interference problem is prominent. A major research area is the development of an optimum cathodic protection (CP) potential for protecting the pipeline in the presence of AC. In this study, an investigation on the influence of AC potential variation on the stability nature of some CP potentials was conducted using a small experimental test beds derived from the real situation of pipeline-power line right of way. A promising result was observed when a CP of −1150 mV is applied to the steel pipe specimen. At this CP potential, a better stability is observed, among other potentials, under the presence of the same varying AC voltages. Detailed graph is presented herein which could be useful for utility engineers.

Effect of Pipe Materials on Background Leakage Estimate Using Graph-Based Hydraulic Model: An Extended Study

Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 2019

The goal of reducing water losses in water distribution networks (WDNs) to an acceptable level re... more The goal of reducing water losses in water distribution networks (WDNs) to an acceptable level remains elusive. Thus, the evaluation of background losses in such a complex network requires prior understanding of the hydraulic characteristics of leakage flow in the network. In this chapter, an investigation of the effect of pipe materials with reference to their impact on the background leakage estimate in water supply networks using a graph-based integrated hydraulic model is presented. In the applications, the hydraulic modelling was carried out through steady-state flow modelling. The model was demonstrated on a water supply network. The results obtained evident the influence of pipe materials on the background leakage estimation. The effect is more pronounced on very smooth and new cast iron or welded steel pipe while the least effect on the background leakage estimate is observed when oil cast iron and bricks are considered.

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Low voltage switchgear internal arc protection using light and pressure detection

2019 IEEE AFRICON, 2019

Switchgears at low voltage are usually enclosed in housings and primarily provide protection, iso... more Switchgears at low voltage are usually enclosed in housings and primarily provide protection, isolation and control in electrical circuits for commercial or industrial utilities at equipment operated below 1kV. Arcing presents a number of technical challenges for standard low voltage switchgear systems and this calls for enhanced protection schemes to eliminate arc faults, to ensure a lower arc fault time and incident energy. This paper presents the design of an internal arc protection for low voltage switchgears that is able to detect a light and pressure signal at post-ignition of the arc fault. The simulation results of the proposed circuit show that the load is protected immediately upon the ignition of an arc fault through monitoring the arc effects; light and pressure rise in the enclosed switchgear. The Design includes a reference value at which the light and pressure signal is considered as part of an arc fault event and a microcontroller is implemented to facilitate the high arc pressure and light signal to a relay that isolates AC power to the load, ensuring the protection of equipment and personnel effectively. The circuit design is carried out in Proteus Design suite program and simulated results are given.

The State of Art in the Field of AC Interference caused by Transmission PowerLines affecting buried Metallic Pipelines

This paper outlines the state of the art in the field of AC interference assessment on buried met... more This paper outlines the state of the art in the field of AC interference assessment on buried metallic pipelines. In particular, the attention is on pipelines that are located close to high voltage transmission-lines. Due to both the complexity and hazard of AC interference caused by overhead power-lines on metallic buried pipelines, there is an industrial need for reliable simulation software able to provide capabilities for predicting and possibly mitigating coupled voltages on these structures. This electromagnetic interference is present during both normal operating conditions and faults, and it generally consists of an inductive, a conductive, and a capacitive contribution. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the inductive coupling mechanism, but the other two are still discussed. Furthermore, the main risks for equipment and personnel are highlighted, in order to clarify the pivotal importance of performing an accurate analysis of these effects. The two main methods that were used over the course of the years to investigate this topic are described, starting from the circuital analysis. Afterwards, the main physical assumptions are discussed and the field theory is introduced, reporting the main pros and cons compared to the previous approach.

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Separability Method for Homogeneous Leaves Using Spectroscopic Imagery and Machine Learning Algorithms

Agathosma Buchu plants are a holistic healing system used as alternative medicine in dealing with... more Agathosma Buchu plants are a holistic healing system used as alternative medicine in dealing with numerous diseases and also for cooking oil production. There are two types namely, Betulina and Crenulata. The plants are difficult to separate if mixed up after harvest. Furthermore, the high rate of the plants’ cultivation poses challenges in separating them for specific functions. Hence, other identification methods are crucial. This paper presents an implementation of machine learning algorithms based on spectroscopic imagery properties for automatic recognition of the plants’ species. Image Local Polynomial Approximation method is used for the image processing to reduce classification error and dimensionality of classification challenges. To demonstrate the efficacies of the processed dataset, K-Nearest Neighbour, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Neural Network classifiers were used for the classification procedures in different data mining tools. The classifiers’ performances are v...

Hyperspectral Data Classification based on Local Polynomial Approximation

A review of energy consumption in water supply systems

2019 IEEE AFRICON, 2019

The water infrastructure utilizes a significant large amount of electricity. This is a concern in... more The water infrastructure utilizes a significant large amount of electricity. This is a concern in South Africa, where large-scale load shedding is required to reduce electricity demand. Since the important part of operational costs is energy related there is a comprehensible motivation for reducing energy consumption. The objective of this paper is to review, clarify and quantify the factors driving energy consumption based on the existing literature review. In addition, the review aimed where energy is consumed the most, provide information regarding what utilities can do to minimize energy consumption and achieve the optimized operation of the plant. Given that almost all of energy consumption in water utilities comes from pumping, there are also other vast, unexplored areas. Further research is still needed to improve energy efficiency in water supply systems

A Diagnostic Study of Dissolved Gases in Transformers based on Fuzzy Logic Approach

2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 2021

Stray gassing of transformer oil is a convoluted physical phenomenon, in which several parameters... more Stray gassing of transformer oil is a convoluted physical phenomenon, in which several parameters act simultaneously thus making the understanding of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) more daunting. Historically, prudent maintenance strategies are better conceived by studying the condition of units in service. To alleviate transformer management and decision matrix, transformer condition assessment is critical using unfailing, noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring mechanisms. The diagnosis of stray gassing of oil can be performed by distinguishing and embedding transformer severities using Fuzzy logic (FL) mapping. Despite the fact that the IEC FL approach is handy in the appraisal of dissolved gases, on occasion the DGA results are impossible to match by current codes and consequently providing inconclusive results. This work reveals a supplemental gas ratio C2H6/CH4 based upon trial and error on a fleet of transformers. These supplemental ratio provide more detailed information about the thermal decomposition of transformer oil from various infancy faults and associated degradation gases transforming from Methane (CH4) to Ethane (C2H6) to Ethylene (C2H4). Additionally, in the IEC FL approach, there is no quantitative measure for the possibility of distinct faults. Further, this work provides incipient fault diagnosis mechanism and some guidelines to allow effective planning and maintenance practice.

Experimental investigation of thermal and physical properties of nanocomposites for power cable insulations

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for thermal and physical propert... more This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for thermal and physical properties of nanocomposites comprising polypropylene (PP)/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP)/nanoclay (NC) blends. The composites were prepared with melt intercalation method in a rheomixer. The choice of a rheomixer as the process root was because of its homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer and the samples demonstrated intercalated composition. The new samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal conductivity (TC) instruments. Finally, the experiment investigated six new samples, which consist of one sample as the reference sample and the other five samples contained nanoclay of different concentrations. The nanocomposite with 3 wt% clay gave the optimum result and is recommendable for power cable insulation. This study justifies power cable insulation through the incorporation of nanoparticles in polypropylene.

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Characterization and mechanical response of novel Al-(Mg–TiFe–SiC) metal matrix composites developed by stir casting technique

Journal of Composite Materials, 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties... more This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties of aluminium reinforced with ferrotitanium and silicon carbide via stir casting technique. Microstructures of as-cast samples were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopes equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical properties in terms of hardness, tensile, tribological behaviour and fracture were assessed. Results showed that the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement was within the metal matrix composite. Tribological study revealed a decrease in frictional coefficient of the composites with lowest frictional coefficient observed in composite with addition of silicon carbide as reinforcement. Morphology of fractured surface displayed a reduction in the size of dimples formed in reinforced aluminium composites when compared with larger dimple sizes observed in as-cast aluminium alloy.

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A Nanoindentation Study on Al (TiFe-Mg-SiC) Composites Fabricated via Stir Casting

Key Engineering Materials, 2019

The limitations of aluminium in most engineering applications has led to the development of alumi... more The limitations of aluminium in most engineering applications has led to the development of aluminium matrix composites with improved microstructural and mechanical properties. Nanoindentation techniques was used in assessing the mechanical properties of fabricated aluminium matrix composites with ferrotitanium and silicon carbide as reinforcements. Results from nanoindentation experiments shows the dependence of modulus of elasticity, microhardness and contact depth on the dispersion of ferrotitanium and silicon carbide reinforcements within the aluminium matrix. Highest nanohardness value was observed in composite with 7 wt. % silicon carbide, while the lowest elastic modulus was recorded in as-cast aluminium. Further analysis of specimens confirmed a decrease in maximum penetration depth with respective increase in the addition of silicon carbide reinforcements in the fabricated composites.

Towards Achieving a Reliable Leakage Detection and Localization Algorithm for Application in Water Piping Networks: An Overview

IEEE Access, 2017

Leakage detection and localization in pipelines has become an important aspect of water managemen... more Leakage detection and localization in pipelines has become an important aspect of water management systems. Since monitoring leakage in large-scale water distribution networks (WDNs) is a challenging task, the need to develop a reliable and robust leak detection and localization technique is essential for loss reduction in potable WDNs. In this paper, some of the existing techniques for water leakage detection are discussed and open research areas and challenges are highlighted. It is concluded that despite the numerous research efforts and advancement in leakage detection technologies, a large scope is still open for further research in this domain. One such area is the effective detection of background type leakages that have not been covered fully in the literature. The utilization of wireless sensor networks for leakage detection purposes, its technical challenges as well as some future research areas are also presented. In a general remark, practical application of these techniques for large-scale water distribution networks is still a major concern. In this paper, an overview of this important problem is addressed.

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Study of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Stir Cast Al (SiC-Mg-TiFe) Composite

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2019

Development of metal matrix composite is becoming widespread in most engineering applications whe... more Development of metal matrix composite is becoming widespread in most engineering applications where excellent mechanical properties are required. Mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminium reinforced with silicon carbide was investigated. Ingot of aluminium was melted in a furnace at temperature ranging between 650-700 ℃. Ferrotitanium and silicon carbide were preheated in a muffle furnace before addition to molten aluminium in a crucible furnace. Fixed proportions of magnesium, ferrotitanium and varying proportions of silicon carbide were utilized as reinforcements. Stirring was carried out manually for a minimum of 10 mins after the addition of each weight percent of silicon carbide. Resulting as-cast samples were sectioned for various mechanical and microstructural analysis. Microstructural studies from optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the dispersion of reinforcements in the aluminium matrix. Mechanical properties which includes hardness and tensile strength of fabricated composites were observed to increase, while XRD analysis showed various phases formed from reaction between the matrix and reinforcements.

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Planar magnetic field distribution underneath two-circuit linear configured power lines in various phase arrangements

AFRICON 2015, 2015

Inductive coupling affects both aerial and underground metallic pipelines that run parallel to or... more Inductive coupling affects both aerial and underground metallic pipelines that run parallel to or in the vicinity of AC high voltage power lines, whereby voltage is induced in to the pipelines due to the time varying magnetic fields produced by the transmission line currents. We present computation of the planar magnetic field distribution on the ground below balanced AC double circuit power transmission lines of vertical and horizontal geometries for six different phase arrangements. The computations showed that the magnetic field distribution depends, among other factors, on the conductors' phase sequence arrangement. Some arrangements show symmetrical lateral profile while some exhibit asymmetrical lateral profile. The field is also polarized with different polarization shapes at different locations which depend on the phase arrangements as well as other factors. We concluded that in placing pipelines in the vicinity of AC double circuit HVTLs, it is essential to consider the field distribution by the phase arrangement of the line. If possible, pipelines should be placed in a region of minimum field intensity within the allowable servitude of the line, in order to have minimal induction on the pipeline from the HVTL in normal operating conditions.

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Assessment model for monitoring AC induced interference corrosion of buried pipelines from HVTLs

AFRICON 2015, 2015

Alternating current (AC) induced interference corrosion has been a major threat to pipeline shari... more Alternating current (AC) induced interference corrosion has been a major threat to pipeline sharing right of ways with AC high voltage transmission lines (HVTL). Defects occur on these pipelines due to the dielectric breakdown of the pipe coating as a result of appreciable voltage being induced on the pipe from the nearby transmission lines. These defects cannot be easily assessed by inspection of the pipe's surface as the pipeline of interest is buried below the soil surface. The value of AC current density through these coating defects has to be monitored not to exceed the threshold value that can cause corrosion damage to the pipe. In view of this, we present an assessment model given input data from field measurement, for monitoring of AC induced corrosion of an underground pipeline co-located with four single circuits HVTL of horizontal geometry. The results obtained showed that the pipeline is exposed to corrosion damage for soil with low electrical resistivity. AC current densities increase as the magnitude of the induced voltage on the pipe increases. The results also showed that the relative risk of corrosion damage also high at that area. We also provide a user friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface to facilitate easy usage of the developed assessment model.

Modeling and Analysis of Multiple Capacitor Coupled Substations at Different Proximities

2023 31st Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC)

Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformers Using Duval Triangle

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

Analysis of Water Treatment Plant Reliability Through WASRI Technique

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

Effect of increasing energy demand on the corrosion rate of buried pipelines in the vicinity of high voltage overhead transmission lines

Leakage detection algorithm integrating water distribution networks hydraulic model

Influence of AC interference on the cathodic protection potentials of pipelines: Towards a comprehensive picture

2017 IEEE AFRICON, 2017

Effect of Pipe Materials on Background Leakage Estimate Using Graph-Based Hydraulic Model: An Extended Study

Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 2019

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Low voltage switchgear internal arc protection using light and pressure detection

2019 IEEE AFRICON, 2019

The State of Art in the Field of AC Interference caused by Transmission PowerLines affecting buried Metallic Pipelines

Download

Separability Method for Homogeneous Leaves Using Spectroscopic Imagery and Machine Learning Algorithms

Hyperspectral Data Classification based on Local Polynomial Approximation

A review of energy consumption in water supply systems

2019 IEEE AFRICON, 2019

A Diagnostic Study of Dissolved Gases in Transformers based on Fuzzy Logic Approach

2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 2021

Experimental investigation of thermal and physical properties of nanocomposites for power cable insulations

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020

Download

Characterization and mechanical response of novel Al-(Mg–TiFe–SiC) metal matrix composites developed by stir casting technique

Journal of Composite Materials, 2019

Download

A Nanoindentation Study on Al (TiFe-Mg-SiC) Composites Fabricated via Stir Casting

Key Engineering Materials, 2019

Towards Achieving a Reliable Leakage Detection and Localization Algorithm for Application in Water Piping Networks: An Overview

IEEE Access, 2017

Download

Study of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Stir Cast Al (SiC-Mg-TiFe) Composite

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2019

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Planar magnetic field distribution underneath two-circuit linear configured power lines in various phase arrangements

AFRICON 2015, 2015

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Assessment model for monitoring AC induced interference corrosion of buried pipelines from HVTLs

AFRICON 2015, 2015

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