Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates hypoxia- and chronic kidney disease-induced fibrotic ... more Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates hypoxia- and chronic kidney disease-induced fibrotic events. Here we assessed whether HIF-1 blockade attenuates the manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in a type I diabetic animal model, OVE26. YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole], a HIF-1 inhibitor, reduced whole kidney glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and urinary albumin excretion as well as NOX4 protein expression and NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species production, while blood glucose levels remain unchanged. The role and mechanisms by which HIF-1 mediates ECM accumulation through NOX oxidases were explored in vitro using renal mesangial cells. Through a series of genetic silencing and adenoviral overexpression studies, we have defined glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) as a critical downstream target of HIF-1alpha mediating high glucose-induced matrix expression through the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX4. T...
Introducing small farm machinery reduces the time spent on post-harvest processing of small mille... more Introducing small farm machinery reduces the time spent on post-harvest processing of small millets (largely by women) by 35-90%, and encourages male farmers to play a greater role. Working with scientists, farmers have improved their skills in small millets seed selection and cultivation, and identified varieties optimally suited to their specific contexts. Small millet-based meals have been introduced in three schools and 13 childcare centers, diversifying children’s diets; women are increasingly using small millets in their cooking. Women have reduced their dependency on men (who are often absent in search of work) by adopting iron plows, instead of the wooden plows traditionally made by men.
The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even wi... more The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even without p53 mutations in cervical cancers. This suggests that alternative mechanisms other than p53 mutation could be responsible for tumourigenesis of the uterine cervix. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to analyze mutation and rearrangement of p53 gene in primary cervical cancers. The results indicated absence of mutation and presence of rearrangement in about 35% of cervical cancer patients. However, p53 overexpression in 50% of patients was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Further, rearrangement of p53 has been correlated with p53 mRNA and p53 protein status. The results indicated presence of overexpressed p53 protein in the samples with rearranged p53 gene. Thus, it is presumed that rearrangement of p53 might lead to production of defective p53 protein by affecting the level of p53 protein and this might have a role in the...
Qualitative and quantitative studies of atmospheric fungal spores at a chloralkali factory, Jayas... more Qualitative and quantitative studies of atmospheric fungal spores at a chloralkali factory, Jayashree Chemicals. were made during 1993 employing culture plate and rotorod methods. A total of 57 sporulating fungal types, including three sterile mycelial forms, were recorded by the culture plate method and 51 spore types, including the hyphal fragments and unidentified spores, were recorded by the rotorod method. As to the seasonal variation, winter was found to be the greatest contributor of fungal spores as compared to the summer and rainy season. Instead, when considering the hour of the day, the peak number of fungal propagules was recorded at noon (12.00 h) followed by evening and morning values, an exception being recorded in winter months, when maximum CFUs of Cladosporium were monitored in the morning. The seasonal variation in fungal concentration and composition was found to be influenced by temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, whereas diurnal incidence was the effect of varying temperature and relative humidity during day time only. Moderate temperature and relative humidity favoured the maximum fungal spore load in the atmosphere. Cladosporium,
Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratas... more Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) have been linked to an aggressive variant of hereditary kidney cancer (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer). These tumors accumulate markedly elevated levels of fumarate. Fumarate is among a growing list of oncometabolites identified in cancers with mutations of genes involved in intermediary metabolism. FH-deficient tumors are notable for their pronounced accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aggressive behavior. To date, HIF-1α accumulation in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer tumors is thought to result from fumarate-dependent inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases and subsequent evasion from von Hippel-Lindau-dependent degradation. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which fumarate promotes HIF-1α mRNA and protein accumulation independent of the von Hippel-Lindau pathway. Here we demonstrate that fumarate p...
Page 1. MINERALOGIA, 41, No 1-2: xx (2010) DOI: 10.2478/v10002-010-0002-3 www.Mineralogia.pl MINE... more Page 1. MINERALOGIA, 41, No 1-2: xx (2010) DOI: 10.2478/v10002-010-0002-3 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE ...
This paper investigated the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters (transparency,... more This paper investigated the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters (transparency, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients viz. NH 3 -N, NO 2 -N, NO 3 --N, PO 4 3 -P, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a) in Chilika lagoon during 2001-2003 in order to better understand its ecological characteristics.
Background: Inflammatory cytokines are detected in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcino... more Background: Inflammatory cytokines are detected in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the primary cell type involved in producing inflammatory cytokines and the biological significance in RCC remain unknown. Inflammation is associated with oxidative stress, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha, and production of pro-inflammatory gene products. Solid tumors are often heterogeneous in oxygen tension together suggesting that hypoxia may play a role in inflammatory processes in RCC. Epithelial cells have been implicated in cytokine release, although the stimuli to release and molecular mechanisms by which they are released remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status and a role for AMPK in the regulation of cell inflammatory processes has recently been demonstrated.
The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even wi... more The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even without p53 mutations in cervical cancers. This suggests that alternative mechanisms other than p53 mutation could be responsible for tumourigenesis of the uterine cervix. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to analyze mutation and rearrangement of p53 gene in primary cervical cancers. The results indicated absence of mutation and presence of rearrangement in about 35% of cervical cancer patients. However, p53 overexpression in 50% of patients was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Further, rearrangement of p53 has been correlated with p53 mRNA and p53 protein status. The results indicated presence of overexpressed p53 protein in the samples with rearranged p53 gene. Thus, it is presumed that rearrangement of p53 might lead to production of defective p53 protein by affecting the level of p53 protein and this might have a role in the process of tumourigenesis. This study reports for the first time rearrangement of p53 in cervical cancers.
Although it is clear that p53 plays a pivotal role in G1/G2 checkpoints to conserve genomic integ... more Although it is clear that p53 plays a pivotal role in G1/G2 checkpoints to conserve genomic integrity, its role in S phase checkpoint is less well understood. Recently, it has been reported that p53 is transcriptionally impaired even though it is stabilized during replication blockade. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not known. In the present study, it has been shown that p53 accumulates and transactivates its target genes such as p21, gadd45 and bax in response to replication blockade in normal and cancer cells. Lack of transcriptional activation under similar conditions in cells lacking p53 shows that p53-target gene activation during replication blockade is indeed p53-dependent. Further, transactivation of p21 in response to replication blockade by hydroxyurea and aphidicolin is similar to that in response to ionizing radiation except that the latter is more immediate compared to the response to replication blockade. These findings suggest that impairment of transcriptionally active p53 in response to replication blockade is not a general phenomenon.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates hypoxia- and chronic kidney disease-induced fibrotic ... more Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates hypoxia- and chronic kidney disease-induced fibrotic events. Here we assessed whether HIF-1 blockade attenuates the manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in a type I diabetic animal model, OVE26. YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole], a HIF-1 inhibitor, reduced whole kidney glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and urinary albumin excretion as well as NOX4 protein expression and NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species production, while blood glucose levels remain unchanged. The role and mechanisms by which HIF-1 mediates ECM accumulation through NOX oxidases were explored in vitro using renal mesangial cells. Through a series of genetic silencing and adenoviral overexpression studies, we have defined glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) as a critical downstream target of HIF-1alpha mediating high glucose-induced matrix expression through the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX4. T...
Introducing small farm machinery reduces the time spent on post-harvest processing of small mille... more Introducing small farm machinery reduces the time spent on post-harvest processing of small millets (largely by women) by 35-90%, and encourages male farmers to play a greater role. Working with scientists, farmers have improved their skills in small millets seed selection and cultivation, and identified varieties optimally suited to their specific contexts. Small millet-based meals have been introduced in three schools and 13 childcare centers, diversifying children’s diets; women are increasingly using small millets in their cooking. Women have reduced their dependency on men (who are often absent in search of work) by adopting iron plows, instead of the wooden plows traditionally made by men.
The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even wi... more The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even without p53 mutations in cervical cancers. This suggests that alternative mechanisms other than p53 mutation could be responsible for tumourigenesis of the uterine cervix. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to analyze mutation and rearrangement of p53 gene in primary cervical cancers. The results indicated absence of mutation and presence of rearrangement in about 35% of cervical cancer patients. However, p53 overexpression in 50% of patients was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Further, rearrangement of p53 has been correlated with p53 mRNA and p53 protein status. The results indicated presence of overexpressed p53 protein in the samples with rearranged p53 gene. Thus, it is presumed that rearrangement of p53 might lead to production of defective p53 protein by affecting the level of p53 protein and this might have a role in the...
Qualitative and quantitative studies of atmospheric fungal spores at a chloralkali factory, Jayas... more Qualitative and quantitative studies of atmospheric fungal spores at a chloralkali factory, Jayashree Chemicals. were made during 1993 employing culture plate and rotorod methods. A total of 57 sporulating fungal types, including three sterile mycelial forms, were recorded by the culture plate method and 51 spore types, including the hyphal fragments and unidentified spores, were recorded by the rotorod method. As to the seasonal variation, winter was found to be the greatest contributor of fungal spores as compared to the summer and rainy season. Instead, when considering the hour of the day, the peak number of fungal propagules was recorded at noon (12.00 h) followed by evening and morning values, an exception being recorded in winter months, when maximum CFUs of Cladosporium were monitored in the morning. The seasonal variation in fungal concentration and composition was found to be influenced by temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, whereas diurnal incidence was the effect of varying temperature and relative humidity during day time only. Moderate temperature and relative humidity favoured the maximum fungal spore load in the atmosphere. Cladosporium,
Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratas... more Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) have been linked to an aggressive variant of hereditary kidney cancer (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer). These tumors accumulate markedly elevated levels of fumarate. Fumarate is among a growing list of oncometabolites identified in cancers with mutations of genes involved in intermediary metabolism. FH-deficient tumors are notable for their pronounced accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aggressive behavior. To date, HIF-1α accumulation in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer tumors is thought to result from fumarate-dependent inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases and subsequent evasion from von Hippel-Lindau-dependent degradation. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which fumarate promotes HIF-1α mRNA and protein accumulation independent of the von Hippel-Lindau pathway. Here we demonstrate that fumarate p...
Page 1. MINERALOGIA, 41, No 1-2: xx (2010) DOI: 10.2478/v10002-010-0002-3 www.Mineralogia.pl MINE... more Page 1. MINERALOGIA, 41, No 1-2: xx (2010) DOI: 10.2478/v10002-010-0002-3 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE ...
This paper investigated the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters (transparency,... more This paper investigated the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters (transparency, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients viz. NH 3 -N, NO 2 -N, NO 3 --N, PO 4 3 -P, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a) in Chilika lagoon during 2001-2003 in order to better understand its ecological characteristics.
Background: Inflammatory cytokines are detected in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcino... more Background: Inflammatory cytokines are detected in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the primary cell type involved in producing inflammatory cytokines and the biological significance in RCC remain unknown. Inflammation is associated with oxidative stress, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha, and production of pro-inflammatory gene products. Solid tumors are often heterogeneous in oxygen tension together suggesting that hypoxia may play a role in inflammatory processes in RCC. Epithelial cells have been implicated in cytokine release, although the stimuli to release and molecular mechanisms by which they are released remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status and a role for AMPK in the regulation of cell inflammatory processes has recently been demonstrated.
The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even wi... more The frequency of p53 mutations is low and there is evidence of p53 protein overexpression even without p53 mutations in cervical cancers. This suggests that alternative mechanisms other than p53 mutation could be responsible for tumourigenesis of the uterine cervix. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to analyze mutation and rearrangement of p53 gene in primary cervical cancers. The results indicated absence of mutation and presence of rearrangement in about 35% of cervical cancer patients. However, p53 overexpression in 50% of patients was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Further, rearrangement of p53 has been correlated with p53 mRNA and p53 protein status. The results indicated presence of overexpressed p53 protein in the samples with rearranged p53 gene. Thus, it is presumed that rearrangement of p53 might lead to production of defective p53 protein by affecting the level of p53 protein and this might have a role in the process of tumourigenesis. This study reports for the first time rearrangement of p53 in cervical cancers.
Although it is clear that p53 plays a pivotal role in G1/G2 checkpoints to conserve genomic integ... more Although it is clear that p53 plays a pivotal role in G1/G2 checkpoints to conserve genomic integrity, its role in S phase checkpoint is less well understood. Recently, it has been reported that p53 is transcriptionally impaired even though it is stabilized during replication blockade. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not known. In the present study, it has been shown that p53 accumulates and transactivates its target genes such as p21, gadd45 and bax in response to replication blockade in normal and cancer cells. Lack of transcriptional activation under similar conditions in cells lacking p53 shows that p53-target gene activation during replication blockade is indeed p53-dependent. Further, transactivation of p21 in response to replication blockade by hydroxyurea and aphidicolin is similar to that in response to ionizing radiation except that the latter is more immediate compared to the response to replication blockade. These findings suggest that impairment of transcriptionally active p53 in response to replication blockade is not a general phenomenon.
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