Haematogenous pyelonephritis was induced in rabbits using Escherichia coli 06:K13:H1 bacteria and... more Haematogenous pyelonephritis was induced in rabbits using Escherichia coli 06:K13:H1 bacteria and the amounts and avidities of antibodies to the 06 antigen were analysed by the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique of Farr. In a group of six animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1, five developed pyelonephritis and one pyelitis, as determined by histological examination. All aminals showed a considerable antibody response to E. coli 06 antigen during the infection. The animal with pyelitis gave a slightly smaller response than the others. The antibody avidity showed a pronounced variation. In a second group of six rabbits not preimmunized, five animals developed pyelonephritis. The titres of antibodies against E. coli 06 antigen increased during the infection inall of the six animals. However, the increase was significantly smaller than for the animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1 (P smaller than 0.01). The pattern of the antibody avidities in this group was also heterogenous. The results are consistent with previous findings that exposure to serologically heterologous E. coli bacteria can enhance the development of the homologous antibody titres. This could be of relevance for serological diagnostic work as well as in the determination of the protective capacity of the antibody.
Serodiagnosis and Immunotherapy in Infectious Disease, Apr 30, 1989
Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli... more Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELBA) for the antibody response to lipopolysaccharides from eight Escherichia coli serotypes (01, 04, 06, 07, 08, 018, 025 and 075). Altogether 27/30 (90%) patients showed high or increasing antibody titers towards the antigen homologous with the infecting strain. In sera from 24 patients a significant antibody rise was found to the homologous serotype and in three more patients high but not increasing antibody titers were found. Twelve of these patients also exhibited titer rises to heterologous LPS antigens. The observed heterologous antibody reactions can be caused by an anamnestic response due to a previous infection, antigenic cross reactions or by a polyclonal stimulation of the humoral immune response.
The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping... more The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping 10 randomly selected colonies in one fecal culture from each child. Ninety~ight clones were identified and of these 52 were dominant and 46 were minor strains. The probability of including at least one isolate of the dominant clone in a small random sample of colonies was calculated to be 86% for one colony, 94% for 2, 97% for 3, 99% for 4, and 99.3% for 5 randomly selected colonies.
We found that isolated Escherichia coli K13 antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin, in contra... more We found that isolated Escherichia coli K13 antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin, in contrast to isolated, non-conjugated K13, was highly immunogenic and induced protection against acute pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6K13H1 in rats.
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum
Active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed S. minnesota Re 595 bacteria protecte... more Active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed S. minnesota Re 595 bacteria protected against experimental, ascending pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6K13H1 in rats. Absorption of the hyperimmune sera with Re antigen before passively given did not eliminate the protective effect. The specificity of protective antibodies is discussed.
A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in str... more A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in strains of E. coli isolated from cases of sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria), as well as from fecal samples of healthy subjects. Although entirely absent from meningitic strains, K5 was found to be one of the most common E. coli capsular antigens, especially in strains causing sepsis. K5 was less common in the fecal strains of healthy subjects than in strains causing various urinary tract infections, between which there was no significant difference in its frequency. Thus, even if K5 is a less important antigen than Ki in the etiology of acute pyelonephritis or acute meningitis, as the fifth most commonly occurring K antigen in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection it should be included as a component in any K antigen-based vaccine against acute pyelonephritis.
Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestat... more Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestations are common. The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the cochleovestibular functions are involved in this disease. A total of 73 patients with vertigo were studied. The patients had Meniere-like conditions, positional vertigo or unilateral loss of the vestibular function. Antibodies in serum to the Borrelia spirochete were determined in the acute and convalescent periods. Ten patients, 14 per cent, had serological evidence of Borreliosis. All these patients had severe vertigo and four of them had sensorineural hearing loss, furthermore they had positional nystagmus and the nystagmus showed patterns of both central and/or peripheral vestibular lesions. Treatment with high doses of penicillin-G was favourable in five of the patients with vertigo and in one patient with sensorineural hearing loss. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo and/or sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin.
Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli... more Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELBA) for the antibody response to lipopolysaccharides from eight Escherichia coli serotypes (01, 04, 06, 07, 08, 018, 025 and 075). Altogether 27/30 (90%) patients showed high or increasing antibody titers towards the antigen homologous with the infecting strain. In sera from 24 patients a significant antibody rise was found to the homologous serotype and in three more patients high but not increasing antibody titers were found. Twelve of these patients also exhibited titer rises to heterologous LPS antigens. The observed heterologous antibody reactions can be caused by an anamnestic response due to a previous infection, antigenic cross reactions or by a polyclonal stimulation of the humoral immune response.
A case of repeated antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinuria, ... more A case of repeated antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure is reported. The first episode of renal failure occurred after an i.v. pyelography causing an anaphylactic shock, and the two later episodes were preceded by allergic reaction to drugs. Antazoline was given among other remedies, but this drug was the only one used for treatment on every occasion.
Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology, 1978
Intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria as well as previous hematogenous infec... more Intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria as well as previous hematogenous infection with Proteus O3H1 showed a protective effect against hematogenous pyelonephritis in rats when the homologous strain was used. Transfer of hyperimmune antisera protected against hematogenously induced infection. Neither intravesical or intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria nor transfer of urines containing antibodies of the IgG class protected against ascending pyelonephritis when the O3H1 strain was used. Data are presented indicating that a rise of pH might decrease the biological effect of antibodies, suggesting that Proteus urease activity is a virulence factor of importance in this context.
Biochemical reactions, 0 and K serotypes and presence of P-fimbriae were analysed in 116 Escheric... more Biochemical reactions, 0 and K serotypes and presence of P-fimbriae were analysed in 116 Escherichia coli strains isolated in blood cultures from patients with bacteraemia and in 99 faecal strains isolated from healthy individuals. By using biochemical typing, the strains could be grouped into six main clusters with similarity index <0.8 (Gower, 1971) and altogether 16 subclusters with similarity index 0.82-0-89. The most discriminating tests between the clusters were fermentation of D-tagatose, saccharose, salicin and sorbose. No single biochemical property could differentiate bacteraemic isolates from faecal strains, although strains isolated from blood were significantly more often found in certain subclusters, whereas other subclusters contained mainly control strains. Bacteraemic strains possessed P-fimbriae more often, especially strains isolated from patients with E. coli in the urine concomitantly with bacteraemia. Equally, no single reaction could separate P-fimbriated from non-P-fimbriated strains. D-Tagatose was fermented more often by the P-fimbriated strains; on the other hand, melibiose and lactose fermentation tests were less often positive. Certain 0 serotypes (01, 0 4 , 06, 0 7 , 018 and 025) were more common among bacteraemic isolates than controls. K serotypes such as K 1, K5 and K52 were also more frequent among blood isolates. We conclude that a combination of biochemical tests, fimbriation and serotyping might be used to identify potentially pathogenic clusters of E. coli.
The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping... more The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping 10 randomly selected colonies in one fecal culture from each child. Ninety~ight clones were identified and of these 52 were dominant and 46 were minor strains. The probability of including at least one isolate of the dominant clone in a small random sample of colonies was calculated to be 86% for one colony, 94% for 2, 97% for 3, 99% for 4, and 99.3% for 5 randomly selected colonies.
Haematogenous pyelonephritis was induced in rabbits using Escherichia coli 06:K13:H1 bacteria and... more Haematogenous pyelonephritis was induced in rabbits using Escherichia coli 06:K13:H1 bacteria and the amounts and avidities of antibodies to the 06 antigen were analysed by the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique of Farr. In a group of six animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1, five developed pyelonephritis and one pyelitis, as determined by histological examination. All aminals showed a considerable antibody response to E. coli 06 antigen during the infection. The animal with pyelitis gave a slightly smaller response than the others. The antibody avidity showed a pronounced variation. In a second group of six rabbits not preimmunized, five animals developed pyelonephritis. The titres of antibodies against E. coli 06 antigen increased during the infection inall of the six animals. However, the increase was significantly smaller than for the animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1 (P smaller than 0.01). The pattern of the antibody avidities in this group was also heterogenous. The results are consistent with previous findings that exposure to serologically heterologous E. coli bacteria can enhance the development of the homologous antibody titres. This could be of relevance for serological diagnostic work as well as in the determination of the protective capacity of the antibody.
Serodiagnosis and Immunotherapy in Infectious Disease, Apr 30, 1989
Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli... more Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELBA) for the antibody response to lipopolysaccharides from eight Escherichia coli serotypes (01, 04, 06, 07, 08, 018, 025 and 075). Altogether 27/30 (90%) patients showed high or increasing antibody titers towards the antigen homologous with the infecting strain. In sera from 24 patients a significant antibody rise was found to the homologous serotype and in three more patients high but not increasing antibody titers were found. Twelve of these patients also exhibited titer rises to heterologous LPS antigens. The observed heterologous antibody reactions can be caused by an anamnestic response due to a previous infection, antigenic cross reactions or by a polyclonal stimulation of the humoral immune response.
The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping... more The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping 10 randomly selected colonies in one fecal culture from each child. Ninety~ight clones were identified and of these 52 were dominant and 46 were minor strains. The probability of including at least one isolate of the dominant clone in a small random sample of colonies was calculated to be 86% for one colony, 94% for 2, 97% for 3, 99% for 4, and 99.3% for 5 randomly selected colonies.
We found that isolated Escherichia coli K13 antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin, in contra... more We found that isolated Escherichia coli K13 antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin, in contrast to isolated, non-conjugated K13, was highly immunogenic and induced protection against acute pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6K13H1 in rats.
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum
Active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed S. minnesota Re 595 bacteria protecte... more Active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed S. minnesota Re 595 bacteria protected against experimental, ascending pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6K13H1 in rats. Absorption of the hyperimmune sera with Re antigen before passively given did not eliminate the protective effect. The specificity of protective antibodies is discussed.
A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in str... more A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in strains of E. coli isolated from cases of sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria), as well as from fecal samples of healthy subjects. Although entirely absent from meningitic strains, K5 was found to be one of the most common E. coli capsular antigens, especially in strains causing sepsis. K5 was less common in the fecal strains of healthy subjects than in strains causing various urinary tract infections, between which there was no significant difference in its frequency. Thus, even if K5 is a less important antigen than Ki in the etiology of acute pyelonephritis or acute meningitis, as the fifth most commonly occurring K antigen in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection it should be included as a component in any K antigen-based vaccine against acute pyelonephritis.
Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestat... more Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestations are common. The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the cochleovestibular functions are involved in this disease. A total of 73 patients with vertigo were studied. The patients had Meniere-like conditions, positional vertigo or unilateral loss of the vestibular function. Antibodies in serum to the Borrelia spirochete were determined in the acute and convalescent periods. Ten patients, 14 per cent, had serological evidence of Borreliosis. All these patients had severe vertigo and four of them had sensorineural hearing loss, furthermore they had positional nystagmus and the nystagmus showed patterns of both central and/or peripheral vestibular lesions. Treatment with high doses of penicillin-G was favourable in five of the patients with vertigo and in one patient with sensorineural hearing loss. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo and/or sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin.
Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli... more Acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELBA) for the antibody response to lipopolysaccharides from eight Escherichia coli serotypes (01, 04, 06, 07, 08, 018, 025 and 075). Altogether 27/30 (90%) patients showed high or increasing antibody titers towards the antigen homologous with the infecting strain. In sera from 24 patients a significant antibody rise was found to the homologous serotype and in three more patients high but not increasing antibody titers were found. Twelve of these patients also exhibited titer rises to heterologous LPS antigens. The observed heterologous antibody reactions can be caused by an anamnestic response due to a previous infection, antigenic cross reactions or by a polyclonal stimulation of the humoral immune response.
A case of repeated antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinuria, ... more A case of repeated antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure is reported. The first episode of renal failure occurred after an i.v. pyelography causing an anaphylactic shock, and the two later episodes were preceded by allergic reaction to drugs. Antazoline was given among other remedies, but this drug was the only one used for treatment on every occasion.
Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology, 1978
Intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria as well as previous hematogenous infec... more Intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria as well as previous hematogenous infection with Proteus O3H1 showed a protective effect against hematogenous pyelonephritis in rats when the homologous strain was used. Transfer of hyperimmune antisera protected against hematogenously induced infection. Neither intravesical or intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria nor transfer of urines containing antibodies of the IgG class protected against ascending pyelonephritis when the O3H1 strain was used. Data are presented indicating that a rise of pH might decrease the biological effect of antibodies, suggesting that Proteus urease activity is a virulence factor of importance in this context.
Biochemical reactions, 0 and K serotypes and presence of P-fimbriae were analysed in 116 Escheric... more Biochemical reactions, 0 and K serotypes and presence of P-fimbriae were analysed in 116 Escherichia coli strains isolated in blood cultures from patients with bacteraemia and in 99 faecal strains isolated from healthy individuals. By using biochemical typing, the strains could be grouped into six main clusters with similarity index <0.8 (Gower, 1971) and altogether 16 subclusters with similarity index 0.82-0-89. The most discriminating tests between the clusters were fermentation of D-tagatose, saccharose, salicin and sorbose. No single biochemical property could differentiate bacteraemic isolates from faecal strains, although strains isolated from blood were significantly more often found in certain subclusters, whereas other subclusters contained mainly control strains. Bacteraemic strains possessed P-fimbriae more often, especially strains isolated from patients with E. coli in the urine concomitantly with bacteraemia. Equally, no single reaction could separate P-fimbriated from non-P-fimbriated strains. D-Tagatose was fermented more often by the P-fimbriated strains; on the other hand, melibiose and lactose fermentation tests were less often positive. Certain 0 serotypes (01, 0 4 , 06, 0 7 , 018 and 025) were more common among bacteraemic isolates than controls. K serotypes such as K 1, K5 and K52 were also more frequent among blood isolates. We conclude that a combination of biochemical tests, fimbriation and serotyping might be used to identify potentially pathogenic clusters of E. coli.
The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping... more The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping 10 randomly selected colonies in one fecal culture from each child. Ninety~ight clones were identified and of these 52 were dominant and 46 were minor strains. The probability of including at least one isolate of the dominant clone in a small random sample of colonies was calculated to be 86% for one colony, 94% for 2, 97% for 3, 99% for 4, and 99.3% for 5 randomly selected colonies.
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Papers by Bertil Kaijser