Soft soil deposits usually have a low bearing capacity and undergo excessive settlement over a lo... more Soft soil deposits usually have a low bearing capacity and undergo excessive settlement over a long period of time. Using such materials either as a foundation medium or construction material is almost impossible without some means of improving their adverse properties. This study deals with an overview of the dredged soil stabilization generated by dredging the flood spill channel of Jhelum River, Srinagar. But concern over environmental affects of dredging, disposal and the increasing unavailability of suitable disposal sites, has put pressure for characterization of this material. Thus, disturbed and undisturbed samples of dredged soil from different locations of flood channel were collected for conduct of various field and laboratory tests for determination of physical and mechanical properties as per relevant standard procedures. On the basis of geotechnical investigations, it has been observed that dredged soil is composed of silt, sand, clay and organic matter, all important ...
This testing manual entitled, Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, is the outcome of t... more This testing manual entitled, Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, is the outcome of the author's experience in teaching elementary and advanced courses in geotechnical engineering at the UG and PG level. In addition, the material presented has been drawn from many sources, persons, websites, and organizations and are accordingly acknowledged. References are listed at the end of each test, under the names of authors arranged alphabetically for further reading or reference purposes. Further, I highly appreciate the support of my Ph.D. research scholars who have spent their quality time in preparation of the book. Valuable suggestions to improve this edition would greatly be appreciated.
The nanoparticles are basically the smallest particles known in the soil environment. Soil being ... more The nanoparticles are basically the smallest particles known in the soil environment. Soil being a particulate material and its essential particles have a different size range. On the other hand, nanoparticles range between 1 and 100 nm and most properties of nanoparticles are size-dependent. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study the improvement of strength characteristics of soil treated with SiO 2 nanomaterial. Also, X-ray diffraction tests were performed on collected soil samples and nanomaterial. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to identify the underlying mechanisms of nanomaterials. Soft soils of two types were collected and were treated with nano-silica (SiO 2) additive at percentages of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The test outcomes revealed that the unconfined compressive strength increased significantly with increasing percentage of nano-silica. Moreover, a decrease in maximum dry density and increase in optimum moisture content of treated soil were observed. The addition of nanoparticles increased the sample's reactivity even at an early age and subsequently strength was increased. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to stabilize soft soil deposits for utilization of various geotechnical applications for sustainable environment.
There are various ground improvement techniques available, soil reinforcement technique has been ... more There are various ground improvement techniques available, soil reinforcement technique has been successfully used in recent times to improve the shear parameters of the marginal/weak soils. Among various reinforcing materials, human hair fiber (HHF) can be used as a natural fiber to enhance the shear strength and bearing capacity of a clayey soil for sustainable use of waste material and sustainable development of infrastructures in a rapid urbanization. Human hair fiber is a natural non-degradable waste material, which creates health and environmental problem if not disposed-off in scientific manner. This is available in abundance at a very low cost and can be easily used as a reinforcing material not only to improve poor/unsuitable construction sites for sustainable construction but also to avoid its disposal problems. Therefore, this paper presents some studies on strength properties of clayey soil reinforced with HHF. The HHF randomly distributed in clayey soil samples were tested for its engineering properties by performing CBR and tri-axial test on a number of samples by using the different percentage of fibres and comparing the results with the non-reinforced soil. Fibres of average length 25 mm and average diameter of 50 lm were used. The test result revealed that the strength significantly improves with the inclusion of HHF and also prevents the sample from cracking.
Fly ash is one of the most plentiful and versatile of the industrial by-products. At present, nea... more Fly ash is one of the most plentiful and versatile of the industrial by-products. At present, nearly 150 million tonnes of fly ash is being generated annually in India posing dual problem of environmental pollution and difficulty in disposal. This calls for establishing strategies to use the same effectively and efficiently. However, it is only in geotechnical engineering applications such as the construction of embankments/dykes, as back fill material, as a sub-base material etc., its large-scale utilization is possible either alone or with soil. Soil stabilization can be achieved by various means such as compaction, soil replacement, chemical improvement, earth reinforcement etc. Usually, in the case of clay soils, chemical improvement is commonly most effective since it can strengthen the soil, to remove its sensitivity both to water and its subsequent stress history. Among chemical means or additives, fly ash/lime provides an economic and powerful means of improvement, as demons...
This study deals with the characterization of dredged material obtained by dredging the world fam... more This study deals with the characterization of dredged material obtained by dredging the world famous Dal Lake in Shrinagar, UT of J&K. Due to the nonavailability of suitable dumping sites for the wastes generated around Dal Lake and owing to the concern of environmental and health issues of these waste materials, geotechnical engineers have been under tremendous pressure from geoenvironmentalists for the characterization of the same. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to characterize the waste material generated from Dal Lake by studying its various physical and mechanical properties. Dredged material has been collected from three different sites viz Nishat, Shalimar, Telbal located on catchment of Dal Lake to conduct various field and laboratory tests for the determination of field density, soil classification, compaction characteristics, strength parameters like unconfined compressive strength, direct shear test and California bearing ratio. On the basis of results, it was found that the dredged material mostly comprised of silt, clay, and sand and the strength parameters revealed that dredged material cannot be used as construction and foundation material in its in situ state. Therefore, suitable and feasible treatments should be provided to dredged materials before being used for geotechnical applications.
Soft soil deposits usually have a low bearing capacity and undergo excessive settlement over a lo... more Soft soil deposits usually have a low bearing capacity and undergo excessive settlement over a long period of time. Using such materials either as a foundation medium or construction material is almost impossible without some means of improving their adverse properties. This study deals with an overview of the dredged soil stabilization generated by dredging the flood spill channel of Jhelum River, Srinagar. But concern over environmental affects of dredging, disposal and the increasing unavailability of suitable disposal sites, has put pressure for characterization of this material. Thus, disturbed and undisturbed samples of dredged soil from different locations of flood channel were collected for conduct of various field and laboratory tests for determination of physical and mechanical properties as per relevant standard procedures. On the basis of geotechnical investigations, it has been observed that dredged soil is composed of silt, sand, clay and organic matter, all important ...
This testing manual entitled, Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, is the outcome of t... more This testing manual entitled, Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, is the outcome of the author's experience in teaching elementary and advanced courses in geotechnical engineering at the UG and PG level. In addition, the material presented has been drawn from many sources, persons, websites, and organizations and are accordingly acknowledged. References are listed at the end of each test, under the names of authors arranged alphabetically for further reading or reference purposes. Further, I highly appreciate the support of my Ph.D. research scholars who have spent their quality time in preparation of the book. Valuable suggestions to improve this edition would greatly be appreciated.
The nanoparticles are basically the smallest particles known in the soil environment. Soil being ... more The nanoparticles are basically the smallest particles known in the soil environment. Soil being a particulate material and its essential particles have a different size range. On the other hand, nanoparticles range between 1 and 100 nm and most properties of nanoparticles are size-dependent. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study the improvement of strength characteristics of soil treated with SiO 2 nanomaterial. Also, X-ray diffraction tests were performed on collected soil samples and nanomaterial. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to identify the underlying mechanisms of nanomaterials. Soft soils of two types were collected and were treated with nano-silica (SiO 2) additive at percentages of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The test outcomes revealed that the unconfined compressive strength increased significantly with increasing percentage of nano-silica. Moreover, a decrease in maximum dry density and increase in optimum moisture content of treated soil were observed. The addition of nanoparticles increased the sample's reactivity even at an early age and subsequently strength was increased. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to stabilize soft soil deposits for utilization of various geotechnical applications for sustainable environment.
There are various ground improvement techniques available, soil reinforcement technique has been ... more There are various ground improvement techniques available, soil reinforcement technique has been successfully used in recent times to improve the shear parameters of the marginal/weak soils. Among various reinforcing materials, human hair fiber (HHF) can be used as a natural fiber to enhance the shear strength and bearing capacity of a clayey soil for sustainable use of waste material and sustainable development of infrastructures in a rapid urbanization. Human hair fiber is a natural non-degradable waste material, which creates health and environmental problem if not disposed-off in scientific manner. This is available in abundance at a very low cost and can be easily used as a reinforcing material not only to improve poor/unsuitable construction sites for sustainable construction but also to avoid its disposal problems. Therefore, this paper presents some studies on strength properties of clayey soil reinforced with HHF. The HHF randomly distributed in clayey soil samples were tested for its engineering properties by performing CBR and tri-axial test on a number of samples by using the different percentage of fibres and comparing the results with the non-reinforced soil. Fibres of average length 25 mm and average diameter of 50 lm were used. The test result revealed that the strength significantly improves with the inclusion of HHF and also prevents the sample from cracking.
Fly ash is one of the most plentiful and versatile of the industrial by-products. At present, nea... more Fly ash is one of the most plentiful and versatile of the industrial by-products. At present, nearly 150 million tonnes of fly ash is being generated annually in India posing dual problem of environmental pollution and difficulty in disposal. This calls for establishing strategies to use the same effectively and efficiently. However, it is only in geotechnical engineering applications such as the construction of embankments/dykes, as back fill material, as a sub-base material etc., its large-scale utilization is possible either alone or with soil. Soil stabilization can be achieved by various means such as compaction, soil replacement, chemical improvement, earth reinforcement etc. Usually, in the case of clay soils, chemical improvement is commonly most effective since it can strengthen the soil, to remove its sensitivity both to water and its subsequent stress history. Among chemical means or additives, fly ash/lime provides an economic and powerful means of improvement, as demons...
This study deals with the characterization of dredged material obtained by dredging the world fam... more This study deals with the characterization of dredged material obtained by dredging the world famous Dal Lake in Shrinagar, UT of J&K. Due to the nonavailability of suitable dumping sites for the wastes generated around Dal Lake and owing to the concern of environmental and health issues of these waste materials, geotechnical engineers have been under tremendous pressure from geoenvironmentalists for the characterization of the same. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to characterize the waste material generated from Dal Lake by studying its various physical and mechanical properties. Dredged material has been collected from three different sites viz Nishat, Shalimar, Telbal located on catchment of Dal Lake to conduct various field and laboratory tests for the determination of field density, soil classification, compaction characteristics, strength parameters like unconfined compressive strength, direct shear test and California bearing ratio. On the basis of results, it was found that the dredged material mostly comprised of silt, clay, and sand and the strength parameters revealed that dredged material cannot be used as construction and foundation material in its in situ state. Therefore, suitable and feasible treatments should be provided to dredged materials before being used for geotechnical applications.
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