Following the intensive theoretical studies of recently emerged MIMO technology, a variety of per... more Following the intensive theoretical studies of recently emerged MIMO technology, a variety of performance measures become important to investigate the challenges and trade-offs at various levels throughout MIMO system design process. This paper presents a review of the MIMO testbed recently set up at King's College London. The architecture that distinguishes the testbed as a flexible and reconfigurable system is first preseneted. This includes both the hardware and software aspects, and is followed by a discussion of implementation methods and evaluation of system research capabilities.
2007 Ieee International Conference on Communications, Jun 24, 2007
In most wireless communications research, the channel models considered experience less severe fa... more In most wireless communications research, the channel models considered experience less severe fading than the classic Rayleigh fading case. In this work, however, we investigate MIMO channels where the fading is more severe. In these environments, we show that the coefficient of variation of the channel amplitudes is a good predictor of the link mutual information, for a variety of models. We propose a novel channel model for severely fading channels based on the complex multivariate t distribution. For this model, we are able to compute exact results for the ergodic mutual information and approximations to the outage probabilities for the mutual information. Applications of this work include wireless sensors, RF tagging, land-mobile, indoor-mobile, ground-penetrating radar, and ionospheric radio links. Finally, we point out that the methodology can also be extended to evaluate the mutual information of a cellular MIMO link and the performance of various MIMO receivers in a cellular scenario. In these cellular applications, the channel itself is not severely fading but the multivariate t distribution can be applied to model the effects of inter-cell interference.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted alpha therapy for the control of ... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted alpha therapy for the control of in vitro pancreatic cancer cell clusters and micrometastatic cancer lesions in vivo. The expression of tumor-associated antigen MUC-1 on three pancreatic cancer cell clusters and animal xenografts was detected by indirect immmunostaining. Monoclonal antibodies C595 (test) and A2 (non-specific control) were labeled with 213Bi using the chelator CHX.A" to form the alpha-immunoconjugate (AIC). Cell clusters were incubated with AIC and examined at 48 h. Apoptosis was documented using the TUNEL assay. In vivo, an antiproliferative effect for tumors was tested at two days post-subcutaneous cell inoculation. Mice were injected with different concentrations of AIC by regional or systemic administration. Changes in tumor progression were assessed by tumor size. MUC-1 is strongly expressed on CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and moderate expression was found CAPAN-1 cell clusters and tumor xenografts. The AICs can target and kill cancer cell clusters (100 mm) in vitro. Some 73-81 % of cells were TUNEL positive cells in the clusters after incubation with AIC. At two days post- cell inoculation in mice, a single local injection of 74 and 148 MBq/kg of AIC causes complete inhibition of tumor growth. Systemic injections of 111, 222 and 333 MBq/kg of AIC cause significant tumor growth delay after 16 weeks, compared with the nonspecific control providing 333 MBq/kg after 16 weeks. CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and CAPAN-1 pancreatic cancer cell clusters and pancreatic tumor xenografts show high expression of the MUC-1 target antigen. 213Bi-C595 can specifically target and regress pancreatic cancer cell clusters in vitro, and delay and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. 213Bi-C595 may be a useful agent for the treatment of micrometastatic pancreatic cancer with overexpression of MUC 1 antigen in post-surgical patients with minimal residual disease.
Radiation damage to the dopamine tracts caused by enriched L-'°B-p boronophenylalanine(L-1°BPA)... more Radiation damage to the dopamine tracts caused by enriched L-'°B-p boronophenylalanine(L-1°BPA)-fructose and the boron neutron capture reaction was Investigated using the mouse modeL Following various treat ments with L-@BPA and neutron irradiation of the head, the brain was perfusion fixed and removed; 50-pm frozen sectionswere cut. Dopamin ergic neurons were visualized using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase.The administration of L-'°BPAhad no permanent effect on dopaminergictracts Neutron capture therapy with L-'°BPA causeda reduction In tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunohistochemicalactivity within 4 h of Irradiation, but by 48 h, this reduction reversed. No damage was observed at 120 h postirradlation.
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
In previous calculations for Total Body Nitrogen measurements of children, the anterior/posterior... more In previous calculations for Total Body Nitrogen measurements of children, the anterior/posterior thermal neutron flux profile with depth was found to be fairly flat after an initial rise. However, for obese adults significant variations are found in the flux profile with the central flux value being as low as 20% of the peak value. The significance of these flux variations is examined. Correction factors are calculated for the varying attenuation of the nitrogen and hydrogen photons by a range of obese bodies. The calculations included the effect of the thermal flux profile as well as that of an outer layer of low nitrogen content adipose tissue. The bodies are assumed to have a homogeneous hydrogen content. A study of four obese body models with varying sex and fat content shows that the correction factors do not vary much between males and females. This is surprising since the female models are assumed to have a surface fat layer twice as thick as for the male models. The correction factors are found to be only slightly sensitive to the thermal flux variations with depth.
Following the intensive theoretical studies of recently emerged MIMO technology, a variety of per... more Following the intensive theoretical studies of recently emerged MIMO technology, a variety of performance measures become important to investigate the challenges and trade-offs at various levels throughout MIMO system design process. This paper presents a review of the MIMO testbed recently set up at King's College London. The architecture that distinguishes the testbed as a flexible and reconfigurable system is first preseneted. This includes both the hardware and software aspects, and is followed by a discussion of implementation methods and evaluation of system research capabilities.
2007 Ieee International Conference on Communications, Jun 24, 2007
In most wireless communications research, the channel models considered experience less severe fa... more In most wireless communications research, the channel models considered experience less severe fading than the classic Rayleigh fading case. In this work, however, we investigate MIMO channels where the fading is more severe. In these environments, we show that the coefficient of variation of the channel amplitudes is a good predictor of the link mutual information, for a variety of models. We propose a novel channel model for severely fading channels based on the complex multivariate t distribution. For this model, we are able to compute exact results for the ergodic mutual information and approximations to the outage probabilities for the mutual information. Applications of this work include wireless sensors, RF tagging, land-mobile, indoor-mobile, ground-penetrating radar, and ionospheric radio links. Finally, we point out that the methodology can also be extended to evaluate the mutual information of a cellular MIMO link and the performance of various MIMO receivers in a cellular scenario. In these cellular applications, the channel itself is not severely fading but the multivariate t distribution can be applied to model the effects of inter-cell interference.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted alpha therapy for the control of ... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted alpha therapy for the control of in vitro pancreatic cancer cell clusters and micrometastatic cancer lesions in vivo. The expression of tumor-associated antigen MUC-1 on three pancreatic cancer cell clusters and animal xenografts was detected by indirect immmunostaining. Monoclonal antibodies C595 (test) and A2 (non-specific control) were labeled with 213Bi using the chelator CHX.A" to form the alpha-immunoconjugate (AIC). Cell clusters were incubated with AIC and examined at 48 h. Apoptosis was documented using the TUNEL assay. In vivo, an antiproliferative effect for tumors was tested at two days post-subcutaneous cell inoculation. Mice were injected with different concentrations of AIC by regional or systemic administration. Changes in tumor progression were assessed by tumor size. MUC-1 is strongly expressed on CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and moderate expression was found CAPAN-1 cell clusters and tumor xenografts. The AICs can target and kill cancer cell clusters (100 mm) in vitro. Some 73-81 % of cells were TUNEL positive cells in the clusters after incubation with AIC. At two days post- cell inoculation in mice, a single local injection of 74 and 148 MBq/kg of AIC causes complete inhibition of tumor growth. Systemic injections of 111, 222 and 333 MBq/kg of AIC cause significant tumor growth delay after 16 weeks, compared with the nonspecific control providing 333 MBq/kg after 16 weeks. CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and CAPAN-1 pancreatic cancer cell clusters and pancreatic tumor xenografts show high expression of the MUC-1 target antigen. 213Bi-C595 can specifically target and regress pancreatic cancer cell clusters in vitro, and delay and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. 213Bi-C595 may be a useful agent for the treatment of micrometastatic pancreatic cancer with overexpression of MUC 1 antigen in post-surgical patients with minimal residual disease.
Radiation damage to the dopamine tracts caused by enriched L-'°B-p boronophenylalanine(L-1°BPA)... more Radiation damage to the dopamine tracts caused by enriched L-'°B-p boronophenylalanine(L-1°BPA)-fructose and the boron neutron capture reaction was Investigated using the mouse modeL Following various treat ments with L-@BPA and neutron irradiation of the head, the brain was perfusion fixed and removed; 50-pm frozen sectionswere cut. Dopamin ergic neurons were visualized using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase.The administration of L-'°BPAhad no permanent effect on dopaminergictracts Neutron capture therapy with L-'°BPA causeda reduction In tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunohistochemicalactivity within 4 h of Irradiation, but by 48 h, this reduction reversed. No damage was observed at 120 h postirradlation.
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine
In previous calculations for Total Body Nitrogen measurements of children, the anterior/posterior... more In previous calculations for Total Body Nitrogen measurements of children, the anterior/posterior thermal neutron flux profile with depth was found to be fairly flat after an initial rise. However, for obese adults significant variations are found in the flux profile with the central flux value being as low as 20% of the peak value. The significance of these flux variations is examined. Correction factors are calculated for the varying attenuation of the nitrogen and hydrogen photons by a range of obese bodies. The calculations included the effect of the thermal flux profile as well as that of an outer layer of low nitrogen content adipose tissue. The bodies are assumed to have a homogeneous hydrogen content. A study of four obese body models with varying sex and fat content shows that the correction factors do not vary much between males and females. This is surprising since the female models are assumed to have a surface fat layer twice as thick as for the male models. The correction factors are found to be only slightly sensitive to the thermal flux variations with depth.
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Papers by Barry Allen