Papers by Barbara Kilbourne
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among tuberculosis patients in Kano, Nigeria
Highland Medical Research Journal, 2010
... AH Kwaru, AB Muhammad, EE Nwokedi, A Umar, MA Magashi. Abstract. ... Aims Therefore, this stu... more ... AH Kwaru, AB Muhammad, EE Nwokedi, A Umar, MA Magashi. Abstract. ... Aims Therefore, this study is aimed at establishing current prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. ...
Obesity research & clinical practice, Jan 18, 2017
Obesity is both multifactorial and multimodal, making it difficult to identify, unravel and disti... more Obesity is both multifactorial and multimodal, making it difficult to identify, unravel and distinguish causative and contributing factors. The lack of a clear model of aetiology hampers the design and evaluation of interventions to prevent and reduce obesity. Using modern graph-theoretical algorithms, we are able to coalesce and analyse thousands of inter-dependent variables and interpret their putative relationships to obesity. Our modelling is different from traditional approaches; we make no a priori assumptions about the population, and model instead based on the actual characteristics of a population. Paracliques, noise-resistant collections of highly-correlated variables, are differentially distilled from data taken over counties associated with low versus high obesity rates. Factor analysis is then applied and a model is developed. Latent variables concentrated around social deprivation, community infrastructure and climate, and especially heat stress were connected to obesi...
Markets, marriages, and other mates: The problem of power
Beyond the marketplace: Rethinking …, 1990
Markets, Marriages, and Other Mates: The Problem of Power Paula England and Barbara Stanek Kilbou... more Markets, Marriages, and Other Mates: The Problem of Power Paula England and Barbara Stanek Kilbourne INTRODUCTION What is the distribution of power between husbands and wives or other heterosexual cohabitants, and what explains this distribution? This is as central a ...
American Journal of Public Health, 1990
Following a long-term decline, death rates in men 25-44 years of age increased from 212 deaths/10... more Following a long-term decline, death rates in men 25-44 years of age increased from 212 deaths/100,000 in 1983 to 236 deaths/100,000 in 1987. To assess the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections on this trend and to identify causes that are increasing in association with the HIV epidemic, we analyzed national mortality statistics and compared death rates in states with high and low incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 1987, there were 10,248 deaths with HIV infection, AIDS, or conditions in the AIDS surveillance definition assigned as the underlying cause, representing 11 percent of deaths for men in this age group compared to less than 1 percent in 1980. In addition, deaths with other underlying causes, such as other infections, drug abuse, and unknown/unspecified causes, had diverging and higher rates in states with high versus low AIDS incidence. In the absence of deaths due to HIV/AIDS and excess deaths due to these associated conditions, w...
Hepatitis B among Korean Americans: finding ways to improve testing, vaccination, and better health outcomes
Climate Change and the Rise of Obesity LisaAnn S Gittner1*, Barbara Kilbourne2, Katy Kilbourne3 ,... more Climate Change and the Rise of Obesity LisaAnn S Gittner1*, Barbara Kilbourne2, Katy Kilbourne3 , Youngwon Chun4 1Texas Tech University, Department of Political Science, Holden Hall , USA 2Tennessee State University, Department of Sociology, 211 A Elliott Hall, Nashville , USA 3Meharry Medical College , Department of Family Medicine , Nashville, USA 4University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, USA *Corresponding author: Dr.LisaAnn S Gittner, Texas Tech University, Department of Political Science, Holden Hall, Boston and Akron Streets, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA, Tel: (440) 915-8831; Fax: (806) 742-0850; Email:[email protected] Received: 01-11-2016 Accepted: 01-22-2016 Published: 01-29-2016 Copyright: © 2016 Lisa Ann Research Article
Abstract A42: Association between neighborhood deprivation and lung cancer risk in the Southern Community Cohort Study
Epidemiology, Lifestyle, and Genetics
BMJ open, Jan 10, 2018
To examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk. Nested case-co... more To examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk. Nested case-control study. Southern Community Cohort Study of persons residing in 12 states in the southeastern USA. 1334 cases of lung cancer and 5315 controls. Risk of lung cancer. After adjustment for smoking status and other confounders, and additional adjustment for individual-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES), there was no monotonic increase in risk with worsening deprivation score overall or within sex and race groups. There was an increase among current and shorter term former smokers (p=0.04) but not among never and longer term former smokers. There was evidence of statistically significant interaction by sex among whites, but not blacks, in which the effect of worsening deprivation on lung cancer existed in males but not in females. Area-level measures of SES were associated with lung cancer risk in current and shorter term former smokers only in this population.
Time from Screening Mammography to Biopsy and from Biopsy to Breast Cancer Treatment among Black and White, Women Medicare Beneficiaries Not Participating in a Health Maintenance Organization
Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health
There is a breast cancer mortality gap adversely affecting Black women in the United States. This... more There is a breast cancer mortality gap adversely affecting Black women in the United States. This study assessed the relationship between number of days between abnormal mammogram, biopsy, and treatment among Medicare (Part B) beneficiaries ages 65 to 74 and 75 to 84 years, accounting for race and comorbidity. A cohort of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women residing in the continental United States and receiving no services from a health maintenance organization was randomly selected from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services denominator file. The cohort was followed from 2005 to 2008 using Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data. The sample included 4,476 women (weighted n = 70,731) with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to identify predictors of waiting times. Black women had a mean of 16.7 more days between biopsy and treatment (p < .001) and 15.7 more days from mammogram to treatment (p = .003) than White...
Race-specific measures of county level SES
Demographic and geographic variations in lung cancer mortality among US Hispanics. 1999-2009
ABSTRACT Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic men and the ... more ABSTRACT Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic men and the second among Hispanic women. Objective: Describe US Hispanic mortality from lung cancer. Methods: Age-adjusted mortality rates, 95% Confidence Intervals, and smoking prevalence were obtained from the CDCs public internet web sites. Demographic information was from the US Census. ARC View (hot spot) and SAS 9.2 (multivariable analysis) software were used for analyses. Results: Hispanic mortality was significantly lower than Non-Hispanic mortality regardless of age, race, census region, state, and rural-urban classification; except for Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders residing in the West and in Medium Metropolitan and Non-Metro areas. The Hispanic advantage was particularly great for blacks. There was considerable geographic variation in Hispanic mortality by State and gender. Age-adjusted (ages 25+ years) mortality for Hispanic White women ranged from 64.3 (49.0, 83.0) in Kentucky to 9.1 (5.0, 15.2) in Tennessee. Corresponding state high-low values for men were 72.9 (64.3, 81.5) in Michigan and 19.4 (9.7, 34.8) in Mississippi. Hot-spot, county-based analysis of age-adjusted mortality among Hispanic whites ages 25+ years showed a significant geographic cluster in Central Florida (GiZScore 1.6-2.79 for women and 1.91-3.10 for men). This cluster could not be explained by poverty or smoking prevalence in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Regardless of socio-demographic classification, Hispanics generally had lower risks of overall lung cancer mortality than non-Hispanics. Asian-Pacific Islanders and Hispanic Whites, however, may have significantly high risk in selected geographic areas. Analytic epidemiologic study is needed to elucidate etiologic factors.
Chronic Conditions and Co-Morbid Psychiatric Disorders among Tennessee Medicare Elderly
Mortality from sickle cell disease: Geographic and ethnic variation within the United States
Does Religion Protect Against Psychological Distress Among Chronically Ill And Poor Women?
Toward a Sociological Theory of Religion and Health, 2011
Background: During the past 40-years obesity rates have increased exponentially and the climate h... more Background: During the past 40-years obesity rates have increased exponentially and the climate has warmed significantly. Objectives: Obesity does not have easily identifiable causal pathways but there are many multi-modal factors; the contribution of weather and climate to the rise in obesity rates was studied. Methods: Connections between climate (weather) and obesity was modeled. Both an ecological cross-sectional model typically used in biological studies (Maximum Entropy) and a traditional econometric model (regression and spatial regression techniques) were developed. Results: Climate variables in all models predicted obesity rates (with and without controlling for socioeconomic status and social deprivation). Maximum Entropy models accurately predicted 95.8% of the obesity distribution using maximum temperature (31.5%), insolation (19.6%), surface temperature (17.5%), precipitation (16.5%) and heat index (10.7%). Traditional models predicted 21-39% of the obesity distribution using surface land temperature, heat index and precipitation. Conclusions: Study results show that climate has the potential to effect obesity etiology. However, this is a pilot study and is limited in scope so results should be considered preliminary.
Abstract A63: Time course from screening mammography to biopsy to treatment among black and white, non-HMO Medicare beneficiaries in 2005-2008
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2015
Background: While breast cancer incidence is higher among whites, breast cancer mortality is high... more Background: While breast cancer incidence is higher among whites, breast cancer mortality is higher among blacks. Delays in diagnosis and treatment could contribute. Objective: Describe the time course of screening, diagnosis and treatment among non-Hispanic black and white non-HMO Medicare beneficiaries ages > 65 years. Data and Methods: We selected a 2005-2008 sub-sample of Medicare beneficiaries, restricted to non-Hispanic black women and white women ages 65 years and older who were: alive from at least 2005 to 2007; had out-patient (Part B) Medicare insurance; and were not enrolled in HMO9s for any part of the observation period. For each continental US county or county equivalent we selected a random sample of 250 beneficiaries from each racial/ethnic group, based on analyses showing that n=250 would yield sufficient power to detect differences by race. When counties had 21 days from screening to biopsy and >60 days from biopsy to surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy) and age in 2005, race, depression, Charlson co-morbidity scores and US Census region of residence. Results: Among women receiving biopsies, 7703 or 66.7% had 21 or more days between their most recent mammogram and biopsy. After accounting for co-variables, the delay was 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32) more likely among black beneficiaries than whites and 15% (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25) more likely among beneficiaries with at least one co-morbid condition relative to those with none. The number of days waiting for biopsy were inversely associated with yearly increases in age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97-0.98) and diagnosed depression (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.97). Overall, 5236 of the women receiving biopsies were diagnosed with breast cancer (weighted population n=84,837). Among these women, 359 (6.9%) did not start treatment within sixty days and an additional 228 (4.4%) did not start treatment within 60 days or before the end study period. Black women were 2.16 times more likely (95% CI 1.72-2.71) to experience > 60 days post-diagnosis before treatment initiation than white women. Also, yearly increases in age were associated with a 3% (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p Conclusions: These descriptive data are consistent with the hypotheses that black race, age, and geographic region of residence are independent predictors of longer waits for biopsy and treatment among non-HMO black and white Medicare elderly. Relationship of depression to delays between screening and biopsy warrants further study. Analytic epidemiologic study is needed to test these hypotheses and determine whether they contribute to disparities in breast cancer mortality. Citation Format: Rebecca Selove, Barbara Kilbourne, Maureen Sanderson, Maya Foster, Mary Kay Fadden, Regina Offodile, Baqar Husaini. Time course from screening mammography to biopsy to treatment among black and white, non-HMO Medicare beneficiaries in 2005-2008. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
Effects of service learning on teen seat belt use
The specific aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of a targeted, school-based, peer-to-... more The specific aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of a targeted, school-based, peer-to-peer, service learning intervention that promotes seatbelt use by students in Jackson public high schools. The study sampling frame included all students (n= ~ 8,493/year) enrolled in the eight high schools (4 intervention and 4 control schools). A school-based, service learning intervention was used in which students developed and implemented an intervention that utilized the principles of service learning. Thirty-one waves of parking lot observations were conducted across the four years of the study resulting in 72,212 observations. Study findings showed that the service learning intervention produced statistically significant increases in seat belt use during the intervention phases over non-intervention phases. During each service learning phase, seatbelt use increased by roughly 15%-18% and as much as 56% (b=0.4416, OR 1.56) after controlling for school, vehicle and driver character...
Differences in Mortality Rates from Acute Myocardial Infarction after Implementation of a Comprehensive State-wide Smoking Ban in NY State
Background: In New York State, a comprehensive state-wide ban prohibiting smoking in all workplac... more Background: In New York State, a comprehensive state-wide ban prohibiting smoking in all workplaces, restaurants and bars took effect in 2003. This was associated with decreased hospital admission rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective: Describe AMI mortality in New York (NY) and in all US States with no smoking ban before or after the action in NY as of 2010 (AK, AL, IN, KY, MS, MO, OK, SC, TX, WVA, WY = NOBAN). Methods: The CDC WONDER Compressed Mortality File provided yearly age-adjusted (25-85+ years) rates and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for 1999-2007 according to race, gender, ethnicity, and urbanization. Analyses were restricted to groups with reliable rates. Results: In Large Central Cities, NY mortality for Non-Hispanic White Women was significantly higher than that for NOBAN states in 1999 and 2001-2003, but there was no statistical difference in 2004-2007. A similar pattern was observed for Non-Hispanic White Men. In contrast, there was a protective effe...
Chronic Conditions and Co-Morbid Psychiatric Disorders among Tennessee Medicare Elderly
Hot-spot analysis of malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchus and lung in the US
Background: Geographic maps treating counties as single entities may obscure age-race-gender spec... more Background: Geographic maps treating counties as single entities may obscure age-race-gender specific outcomes influenced by regional structures. Methods: Hot spot analysis (Gelis-Ord-Gi* statistic) was used to map age-adjusted (25+ years), race-ethnicity-gender-specific mortality from malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchus, and lung in the US (1999-2009). Input was from the public CDC WONDER Compressed Mortality file. Results: Two major clusters were identified for white, non-Hispanic men (GIZ-scores = 9.7 to 14.3), one centered in Appalachia and one encompassing counties in northern Florida and southern Georgia. White, non-Hispanic women (GIZ scores = 8.3 to 13.8) shared the Appalachian cluster. Rates for non-Hispanic black men (GIZ scores = 6.5 to 8.7) were focused in areas the Mississippi Delta north of New Orleans, and also extending westward to AR and TX. No such cluster was found for non-Hispanic black women, although scattered hot spots (GIZ scores = 6.0 to 9.5) were fo...
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Papers by Barbara Kilbourne