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Azhar Jabeen

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Kwantlen Polytechnic University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Victor S. Peña

El Colegio de Sonora

ESAD - Escola Superior de Artes e Design

Eloísa del Pino

CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council)

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

Claudia Ximena González Moreno

Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla

FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, DEHRADUN

Tadesse B Tafesse

Haramaya university

PROF. DR. DEVANG J. PANDYA

RK University

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Papers by Azhar Jabeen

Efficacy Evaluation Of Linium Usitatissimum (Linctus Of Flax Mucilage) In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Planta Medica, 2016

Post-auricular leech therapy reduced headache & migraine days in chronic migraine

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, Feb 15, 2019

Background: Migraine is an exceedingly common disorder that causes substantial pain, disability a... more Background: Migraine is an exceedingly common disorder that causes substantial pain, disability and societal burden. Unfortunately, conventional treatments are insufficient, inadequate, or associated with significant risks, such as overuse, abuse or addiction. The Unani system of Medicine has been treating migraine since centuries. Leech therapy (Irsale Alaq) has been employed successfully in severe persistent headache, mania and insomnia since decades. Aim: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of post auricular leech therapy in migraine and to collect data to warrant further clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a case series on 7 patients who had failed conventional oral treatments for the migraine. After informed consent, post auricular leech therapy was done. Patients were asked to keep detailed headache calendars, documenting the number of headache days, migraine days, the intensity of headaches/ migraines and analgesic usage. We compared these parameters before and after 2 months of therapy. Results: We observed a reduction in the number of headache & migraine days and amount of painkillers used without any adverse effects. (P≤ 0.01) Improvement in quality of life was also observed. Discussion: We reviewed the literature related to the medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis), used for the treatment in these cases. Leech saliva contains certain potent anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator substances, suggesting plausible mechanisms of action in these cases. Conclusion: The preliminary findings indicate the safe and potential therapeutic role of leech therapy. So further trials should be carried out to explore the therapeutic potential of this therapy in chronic migraine.

Therapeutic usefulness of Delphinium denudatum (Jadwar): An update

International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2021

SANKHAHOLI (( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.)): A REVIEW

ABSTRACT: The Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) of family Convolvulaceae which is commonly... more ABSTRACT: The Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) of family Convolvulaceae which is commonly known as sankhpushpi, in traditional system of medicine including Unani Medicine. It is a perennial herb with a small woody branched root stock which contains alkaloids: shankhapushpine and evolvine. Fresh plant of sankhholi contains volatile oil. It also contains a yellow neutral fat, an organic acid and saline substances. Therapeutic uses of Sankhaholi Evolvulus alsinoides Linn , mentioned in the Unani Medicine are Alexiteric (Mufarreh), Cardiac tonic (Muqawwi-e Qalb), Brain tonic (Muqawwi-e Dimag), Digestive (Hazim) Musaffi-e- Khoon (Blood purifier),General tonic (Muqawwi-e-am), Diuretic (Mudirr-e-Baul), Anti Inflammatory (Muhallil-e-waram), Hypoglycemic (Dafa-e-Ziabitus), Antihypertensive (Dafye Imtella). It is also used in headache, asthma, hyperlipidemia etc. The present article reviews the pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn....

Effect of Cichorium intybus seeds supplementation on the markers of glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double‐blind placebo study

Phytotherapy Research, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in pat... more Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus seeds (AECIS) would have add-on beneficial effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this double-blind randomized clinical study, 150 subjects were enrolled to assess the add-on efficacy and safety of AECIS in T2DM patients. The subjects were randomized (1:1) to the AECIS (n = 51) and placebo (n = 49) groups. The subjects in both groups continued to take prescribed doses of metformin. The standardization of AECIS was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and phytochemical analysis. The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in the AECIS and placebo groups at baseline was 8.6% and 8.5%, respectively. Mean values of HbA1c at the end of 12 weeks of intervention were 7.42% in the AECIS group (a reduction of 1.18% from baseline) and 8.4% in the placebo group (mean reduction of 0.1% from baseline). Besides, significant reduction in inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertriglyceridemia was seen in the AECIS group (p < .05). The study shows for the first time that AECIS supplementation ameliorates the disease progression and it is beneficial as a potential adjunct dietary supplement for the management of T2DM.

A Review on Myristica Fragrans Houtt. With Unani Perspective and Modern Pharmacology

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, Apr 8, 2005

Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans) Houtt is an evergreen tree indigenous to India, Indonesia and, S... more Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans) Houtt is an evergreen tree indigenous to India, Indonesia and, Srilanka. It is the main source of spices; nutmeg and mace. Mace used as a tropical spice having a pleasant aromatic fragrance, for this property it has been used widely as flavoring agent in cakes, pudding, beverages, meat, and sausages. Besides this, it has a special ability to enhance the taste of food. Myristicin (5-allyl-1methoxy-2,3 (methylenedioxybenzene) constituent is responsible for flavoring property and also been known to produce important psychopharmacological responses. It has been known to provide many medicinal properties due to its complex molecular structure. The chemical constituents of M. fragrans have been studied for hypocholesterolemic hypolipidemic, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, memory enhancer, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. A thorough literature review reveals that M. Fragrans deserves more attention from the scientific community and public health specialists to explore its full array of benefits to society&#39;s welfare.

Experimental models and hepatotoxic agents used to study hepatoprotective effect of traditional drugs *Author for correspondence

REVIEW ARTICLE ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION Liver damage or disease is a worldwide health threat ... more REVIEW ARTICLE ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION Liver damage or disease is a worldwide health threat due to non-availability of specific drug and potentiality of modern drugs to add further damage. A large number of traditional drugs possesses hepatoprotective activity have been used in liver pathologies since centuries. So investigating these drugs for their hepatoprotective effect to make an effective medicine in the treatment of liver toxicity or dysfunction is promising. Different kinds of laboratory models have been used to assess the hepatoprotective action of these drugs. Hepatotoxic agents such as Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4), Paracetamol, D-galactosamine are commonly used. Most widely, carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) has been used to induce liver toxicity in rodents. Likewise chloroform, acrylamide, adriamycin, aflatoxin, thioacetamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethanol, pyrilizidine alkaloid, alphanapthoisothiocynate, tamoxifen, phalloidin, cadmium, lead and erythromycin have been a...

Efficacy and Safety of a Polyherbal Unani drug as an Adjuvant Therapy in type-2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study

Fortune Journal of Health Sciences, 2022

Compared with the Placebo group, Unani drug significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels... more Compared with the Placebo group, Unani drug significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels (-26. 34 ± 11.73, p= 0.002 vs-4.82 ± 2.63 mg/dl, p= 0.089) and postprandial plasma glucose (-60.02 ± 10.18 mg/dl, p= 0.001 vs-18.70 ± 2.06 mg/dl, p= 0.039). Conclusion Unani polyherbal drug as an add on therapy to Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes who were not at their goal for glycaemic control with Metformin monotherapy produced significant reduction in HbA1c, FPG and PPG levels. Unani drug (or Placebo) add on therapy with Metformin was well tolerated, and showed an overall safety profile similar to placebo.

Effect of Laooq-e-Katan (Linctus of Flax mucilage) as an oral bronchodilator formulation on MRC Dyspnea scale in patients with COPD

The method of classifying COPD as well to monitor any therapeutic intervention in COPD patients d... more The method of classifying COPD as well to monitor any therapeutic intervention in COPD patients depends largely upon spirometric measurements but unfortunately disability is weakly related to the measurements of lung function. However, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale is a simple and valid method of categorizing patients with COPD in terms of their disability that could be used to complement FEV1 in the classification of COPD severity. With this reason the present study was designed to re-evaluate the efficacy of Laooq-e-Katan (Linctus of Flax mucilage) a well known Unani pharmacopeial formulation in treating dyspnea which has been measured by a simple and standardized Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Material and Methods: In this study, 60 patients were included as defined by GOLD criteria. The patients were distributed randomly by the simple randomization into test and control group. The level of dyspnea was assessed with Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Results: There were 25 patients with Grade-II, Grade-III, Grade-IV Dyspnea in the test group at day zero (Day 0), out of which 16 (64.0%) patients had improved in dyspnea to Grade-I and three (12.0%) patients to Grade-0. Whereas in the control group there were 22 patients in Grade-II and Grade-III, out of which only 6 (27.27%) patients improved to Grade-I and no patient was improved to grade 0 Dyspnea. At the end of the treatment there was statistical significant difference seen in the improvement of dyspnea in the test group when compared with the control group (p = 0.009). Dyspnea is an important symptom that may impact quality of life in patients with COPD. MRC-D scale was shown to be simple, fast and intelligible measurement along with categorizing patients with COPD in terms of their disability.

Insomnia and its management in Unani medicine *Author for correspondence

CASE REPORT ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION According to Unani system of medicine, health is attribu... more CASE REPORT ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION According to Unani system of medicine, health is attributed to the equilibrium of akhlat (humors), besides this there is asbab-e-sittah zarooriya (six essential factors). These are air, food and drinks, bodily movements and repose (harkat-wa-sakoon badni), mental activity and repose (harkat-wa-sakoon nafsani), sleep and wakefulness (naum wa yaqza) and retention and excretion (ahtibas wa istifiragh). Any imbalance in any of the above factors is likely to cause disease. Normal sleep is thought to be because of ratoobat wa baroodat i.e. wetness and cold in our body and if there is derailment of balance in sleep and wakefulness, it implies the predominance of yuboosat wa hararat i.e. dryness and hotness widespread in the brain. Insomniacs complain of difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, poor quality sleep, or inadequate sleep despite adequate opportunity. In addition, the sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress o...

Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Root Extract of Delphinium Denudatum Wall on Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine-Withdrawal and Corticosterone Levels in Rats

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 2022

This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ja... more This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Jadwar, family; Ranunculaceae) for its ability to attenuate the nicotine-withdrawal in nicotine-dependent rats. The physical dependence on nicotine was induced in male adult Wistar albino rats (175-250 g) by subcutaneous implantation of Alzet mini osmotic pumps which supplied nicotine at 9.0mg/kg/day, while control rats received saline via osmotic pumps. For seven days four separate test doses of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg) were given orally. On the 7th day, a mecamylamine injection (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was given to precipitate nicotine-withdrawal. The global Gellert’s–Holtzman rating scale was used to rate somatic signs of withdrawal for 15 minutes, followed by a measurement of motor activity. Drug Bupropion was used as a positive control. Serum levels of nicotine (cotinine) and corticosterone were done by ELISA. In nicotine-dependent r...

A Review of Pharmacological & Clinical Researches on Shoneez (Nigella Sativa LINN.)-A Unani Medicine

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Unani Concept and Management of Waja-Ul-Mafasil (Arthritis) with Special Reference to Hijamah (Cupping Therapy)

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014

Case Report Extensive intramuscular cysticercosis without any neurological involvement: A rare case report

Human cysticercosis is a common tropical disease which is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, larva... more Human cysticercosis is a common tropical disease which is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, larvae of a tapeworm, Taenia solium. Cysticercosis can involve any tissue in the body; the most common affected sites are central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, eyes, and muscles. Extensive intramuscular Cysticercosis without any other systemic involvement is a very rare finding. Here, we report a case of intramuscular Cysticercosis incidentally diagnosed by plain radiographs in a 51 year-old man who presented with osteoarthritis right knee joint and Cysticercosis was an incidental finding.

Management of cervical spondylosis in unani system of medicine

Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common degenerative conditions of the spine. It is caused... more Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common degenerative conditions of the spine. It is caused by the degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs, osteophytosis of vertebral bodies, hypertrophy of the facets and laminal arches, and ligamentous and segmental instability. Risk factors are Age, occupation, genetics, previous injury or trauma. The main complaints are pain in the head, neck and shoulder with corresponding tenderness, sometimes radiation and decreased cervical range of motion. Conventional treatment for cervical spondylosis includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. All these treatment modalities have a range of effects and their availability is meagre and cost over burdened. Hijamah is a Unani regimenal mode of treatment which has been proved effective in various musculoskeletal disorders. In present paper efforts has been made to elaborate the role of Hijamah in the management of cervical spondylosis and to correlate its mechanism with other physi...

Concept of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Greco-Arab (Unani) Medicine

Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to effect humans have preceded recorded history si... more Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to effect humans have preceded recorded history since the changes of spinal tuberculosis in the skeleton of a Neolithic man was described. The development of Greek medicine (Unani medicine) has been the hallmark in the history of medicine and it was with this civilization of ancient Greece that the history of tuberculosis really begins. Hippocrates (460–375 BC) owes to the medicine the art of clinical inspection and observation. It is to the Hippocratic collection that one turns for the first authentic account of clinical tuberculosis. Phthisis, White Plague and Consumption, were the terms used to refer to tuberculosis. Sil and dique, these terms are considered synonyms by Unani (Greco-Arab) physicians. Sil being emaciation and dique means low grade fever which is one of the cardinal symptoms of the disease. The Unani (Greco-Arab) physicians were well aware about the disease “tuberculosis”. It is evident from the description of the dise...

Nutool (Irrigation) - An effective mode of treatment in Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy)

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014

ABSTRACT In Unani system of medicine there are four modes of treatment these are; Illaj bil ghiza... more ABSTRACT In Unani system of medicine there are four modes of treatment these are; Illaj bil ghiza (dietotherapy), Illaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy), Illaj bit tadbeer (Regimenal therapy) and Illaj bil yad (surgery). Illaj bit Tadbeer includes a number of regimenal interventions such as Hijamah (cupping), Irsal alaq (leeching), Fasd (venesection), Dalak (massage), Nutool (irrigation), Qay (Emesis), Idrar-i-Bawl (Diuresis), Tariq (Diaphoresis), Munzij and Mu&#39;shil therapy (Concoction and purgation), Bukhoor (medicated steam), kayy (cauterization), Huqna (enema) etc. Among these regimens Nutool is a novel method in which water, oil or medicated decoction is poured from a height over specific sites of body in certain diseases. This process is called Tanteel (irrigation). Depending upon the nature of liquids used for desired actions in this therapy it has been broadly divided into two types; Nutool Haar and Nutool Barid. Nutool or irrigation is done with a purpose of acceleration of process of Ikhraj-e-mawad (evacuation of morbid material) and Ta&#39;dil-i Mizaj-e-Aza (normalization of morbid temperament) and to improve the Quwat-e –Mudafiat (defense mechanism of body). It also enhances the local absorption of medicines thus helps in getting the desired action of medicine locally. Nutool is effective in relieving chronic disease, pains and stiffness of various types, as in Waja-ul mafasil (arthritis), Suddaa (headache), Sarsaam (meningitis), Shaqiqah (migrane) Sakta (stroke), Ahtibase bol (retention of urine), Warm e suddi (mastitis) and Warme raham (endometritis) etc. This review aims at highlighting the procedure, types and clinical uses of Nutool therapy in light of classical Unani literature. Please cite this article in press as Roohi Azam et al. Nutool (Irrigation) -An effective mode of treatment in Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy). Indo

Concept of Prolapsed Lumbosacral Inter-Vertebral Disc (Hadbah) and Its Management in Unani Medicine

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Pulmonary tuberculosis and its management in classical Unani literature

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world from a single infectious disease and repr... more Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world from a single infectious disease and represents more than a quarter of the world's preventable deaths. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Transmission of TB occurs primarily by the aerosol route but can also occur through the gastrointestinal tract. Coughing by people with active TB produces droplet nuclei containing infectious organisms which can remain suspended in the air for several hours. Infection occurs if inhalation of these droplets results in the organism reaching the alveoli of the lungs. Since administration of a single drug often leads to the development of a bacterial population resistant to that drug, effective regimens for the treatment of TB contain multiple drugs to which the organisms are susceptible. Tuberculosis is usually treated with four different antimicrobial agents. The paper reviews the disease and treatment known to ancient Unani physicians. Pathoph...

Single-Blind, Randomized, Control Trial of a Unani Compound Formulation in Iltehab Tajaweefe Anaf Muzmin

Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of oral Unan... more Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of oral Unani formulations with inhalation of Kalonji and to provide safe, effective, and economical treatment for Iltehab Tajaweefe Anaf Muzmin (chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS]). Methods: A randomized single-blind, comparative study of 40 patients of CRS. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups each consisting of 20 patients. In Group A, oral Unani formulation of Katan (Linum usitatissimum), Filfil Siyah (Piper nigrum), and honey was given 6 g BD with steam inhalation of Kalonji (Nigella sativa) and Tab Alaspan 1 BD with Karvol Plus inhalation was given in Group B. Results: Statistical analysis of the data was done using paired t test by comparing the visual analog scale score of all major and minor symptoms before and after treatment. The result is statistically highly significant in Group A (p<0.0001) and it is significant in Group B. (p<0.01). Conclusion: It may be concluded that t...

Efficacy Evaluation Of Linium Usitatissimum (Linctus Of Flax Mucilage) In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Planta Medica, 2016

Post-auricular leech therapy reduced headache & migraine days in chronic migraine

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, Feb 15, 2019

Background: Migraine is an exceedingly common disorder that causes substantial pain, disability a... more Background: Migraine is an exceedingly common disorder that causes substantial pain, disability and societal burden. Unfortunately, conventional treatments are insufficient, inadequate, or associated with significant risks, such as overuse, abuse or addiction. The Unani system of Medicine has been treating migraine since centuries. Leech therapy (Irsale Alaq) has been employed successfully in severe persistent headache, mania and insomnia since decades. Aim: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of post auricular leech therapy in migraine and to collect data to warrant further clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a case series on 7 patients who had failed conventional oral treatments for the migraine. After informed consent, post auricular leech therapy was done. Patients were asked to keep detailed headache calendars, documenting the number of headache days, migraine days, the intensity of headaches/ migraines and analgesic usage. We compared these parameters before and after 2 months of therapy. Results: We observed a reduction in the number of headache & migraine days and amount of painkillers used without any adverse effects. (P≤ 0.01) Improvement in quality of life was also observed. Discussion: We reviewed the literature related to the medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis), used for the treatment in these cases. Leech saliva contains certain potent anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator substances, suggesting plausible mechanisms of action in these cases. Conclusion: The preliminary findings indicate the safe and potential therapeutic role of leech therapy. So further trials should be carried out to explore the therapeutic potential of this therapy in chronic migraine.

Therapeutic usefulness of Delphinium denudatum (Jadwar): An update

International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2021

SANKHAHOLI (( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.)): A REVIEW

ABSTRACT: The Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) of family Convolvulaceae which is commonly... more ABSTRACT: The Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) of family Convolvulaceae which is commonly known as sankhpushpi, in traditional system of medicine including Unani Medicine. It is a perennial herb with a small woody branched root stock which contains alkaloids: shankhapushpine and evolvine. Fresh plant of sankhholi contains volatile oil. It also contains a yellow neutral fat, an organic acid and saline substances. Therapeutic uses of Sankhaholi Evolvulus alsinoides Linn , mentioned in the Unani Medicine are Alexiteric (Mufarreh), Cardiac tonic (Muqawwi-e Qalb), Brain tonic (Muqawwi-e Dimag), Digestive (Hazim) Musaffi-e- Khoon (Blood purifier),General tonic (Muqawwi-e-am), Diuretic (Mudirr-e-Baul), Anti Inflammatory (Muhallil-e-waram), Hypoglycemic (Dafa-e-Ziabitus), Antihypertensive (Dafye Imtella). It is also used in headache, asthma, hyperlipidemia etc. The present article reviews the pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Sankhaholi ( Evolvulus alsinoides Linn....

Effect of Cichorium intybus seeds supplementation on the markers of glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double‐blind placebo study

Phytotherapy Research, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in pat... more Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus seeds (AECIS) would have add-on beneficial effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this double-blind randomized clinical study, 150 subjects were enrolled to assess the add-on efficacy and safety of AECIS in T2DM patients. The subjects were randomized (1:1) to the AECIS (n = 51) and placebo (n = 49) groups. The subjects in both groups continued to take prescribed doses of metformin. The standardization of AECIS was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and phytochemical analysis. The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in the AECIS and placebo groups at baseline was 8.6% and 8.5%, respectively. Mean values of HbA1c at the end of 12 weeks of intervention were 7.42% in the AECIS group (a reduction of 1.18% from baseline) and 8.4% in the placebo group (mean reduction of 0.1% from baseline). Besides, significant reduction in inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertriglyceridemia was seen in the AECIS group (p < .05). The study shows for the first time that AECIS supplementation ameliorates the disease progression and it is beneficial as a potential adjunct dietary supplement for the management of T2DM.

A Review on Myristica Fragrans Houtt. With Unani Perspective and Modern Pharmacology

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, Apr 8, 2005

Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans) Houtt is an evergreen tree indigenous to India, Indonesia and, S... more Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans) Houtt is an evergreen tree indigenous to India, Indonesia and, Srilanka. It is the main source of spices; nutmeg and mace. Mace used as a tropical spice having a pleasant aromatic fragrance, for this property it has been used widely as flavoring agent in cakes, pudding, beverages, meat, and sausages. Besides this, it has a special ability to enhance the taste of food. Myristicin (5-allyl-1methoxy-2,3 (methylenedioxybenzene) constituent is responsible for flavoring property and also been known to produce important psychopharmacological responses. It has been known to provide many medicinal properties due to its complex molecular structure. The chemical constituents of M. fragrans have been studied for hypocholesterolemic hypolipidemic, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, memory enhancer, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. A thorough literature review reveals that M. Fragrans deserves more attention from the scientific community and public health specialists to explore its full array of benefits to society&#39;s welfare.

Experimental models and hepatotoxic agents used to study hepatoprotective effect of traditional drugs *Author for correspondence

REVIEW ARTICLE ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION Liver damage or disease is a worldwide health threat ... more REVIEW ARTICLE ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION Liver damage or disease is a worldwide health threat due to non-availability of specific drug and potentiality of modern drugs to add further damage. A large number of traditional drugs possesses hepatoprotective activity have been used in liver pathologies since centuries. So investigating these drugs for their hepatoprotective effect to make an effective medicine in the treatment of liver toxicity or dysfunction is promising. Different kinds of laboratory models have been used to assess the hepatoprotective action of these drugs. Hepatotoxic agents such as Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4), Paracetamol, D-galactosamine are commonly used. Most widely, carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) has been used to induce liver toxicity in rodents. Likewise chloroform, acrylamide, adriamycin, aflatoxin, thioacetamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethanol, pyrilizidine alkaloid, alphanapthoisothiocynate, tamoxifen, phalloidin, cadmium, lead and erythromycin have been a...

Efficacy and Safety of a Polyherbal Unani drug as an Adjuvant Therapy in type-2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study

Fortune Journal of Health Sciences, 2022

Compared with the Placebo group, Unani drug significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels... more Compared with the Placebo group, Unani drug significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels (-26. 34 ± 11.73, p= 0.002 vs-4.82 ± 2.63 mg/dl, p= 0.089) and postprandial plasma glucose (-60.02 ± 10.18 mg/dl, p= 0.001 vs-18.70 ± 2.06 mg/dl, p= 0.039). Conclusion Unani polyherbal drug as an add on therapy to Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes who were not at their goal for glycaemic control with Metformin monotherapy produced significant reduction in HbA1c, FPG and PPG levels. Unani drug (or Placebo) add on therapy with Metformin was well tolerated, and showed an overall safety profile similar to placebo.

Effect of Laooq-e-Katan (Linctus of Flax mucilage) as an oral bronchodilator formulation on MRC Dyspnea scale in patients with COPD

The method of classifying COPD as well to monitor any therapeutic intervention in COPD patients d... more The method of classifying COPD as well to monitor any therapeutic intervention in COPD patients depends largely upon spirometric measurements but unfortunately disability is weakly related to the measurements of lung function. However, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale is a simple and valid method of categorizing patients with COPD in terms of their disability that could be used to complement FEV1 in the classification of COPD severity. With this reason the present study was designed to re-evaluate the efficacy of Laooq-e-Katan (Linctus of Flax mucilage) a well known Unani pharmacopeial formulation in treating dyspnea which has been measured by a simple and standardized Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Material and Methods: In this study, 60 patients were included as defined by GOLD criteria. The patients were distributed randomly by the simple randomization into test and control group. The level of dyspnea was assessed with Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Results: There were 25 patients with Grade-II, Grade-III, Grade-IV Dyspnea in the test group at day zero (Day 0), out of which 16 (64.0%) patients had improved in dyspnea to Grade-I and three (12.0%) patients to Grade-0. Whereas in the control group there were 22 patients in Grade-II and Grade-III, out of which only 6 (27.27%) patients improved to Grade-I and no patient was improved to grade 0 Dyspnea. At the end of the treatment there was statistical significant difference seen in the improvement of dyspnea in the test group when compared with the control group (p = 0.009). Dyspnea is an important symptom that may impact quality of life in patients with COPD. MRC-D scale was shown to be simple, fast and intelligible measurement along with categorizing patients with COPD in terms of their disability.

Insomnia and its management in Unani medicine *Author for correspondence

CASE REPORT ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION According to Unani system of medicine, health is attribu... more CASE REPORT ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION According to Unani system of medicine, health is attributed to the equilibrium of akhlat (humors), besides this there is asbab-e-sittah zarooriya (six essential factors). These are air, food and drinks, bodily movements and repose (harkat-wa-sakoon badni), mental activity and repose (harkat-wa-sakoon nafsani), sleep and wakefulness (naum wa yaqza) and retention and excretion (ahtibas wa istifiragh). Any imbalance in any of the above factors is likely to cause disease. Normal sleep is thought to be because of ratoobat wa baroodat i.e. wetness and cold in our body and if there is derailment of balance in sleep and wakefulness, it implies the predominance of yuboosat wa hararat i.e. dryness and hotness widespread in the brain. Insomniacs complain of difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, poor quality sleep, or inadequate sleep despite adequate opportunity. In addition, the sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress o...

Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Root Extract of Delphinium Denudatum Wall on Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine-Withdrawal and Corticosterone Levels in Rats

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 2022

This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ja... more This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Jadwar, family; Ranunculaceae) for its ability to attenuate the nicotine-withdrawal in nicotine-dependent rats. The physical dependence on nicotine was induced in male adult Wistar albino rats (175-250 g) by subcutaneous implantation of Alzet mini osmotic pumps which supplied nicotine at 9.0mg/kg/day, while control rats received saline via osmotic pumps. For seven days four separate test doses of hydro-alcoholic root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall (200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg) were given orally. On the 7th day, a mecamylamine injection (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was given to precipitate nicotine-withdrawal. The global Gellert’s–Holtzman rating scale was used to rate somatic signs of withdrawal for 15 minutes, followed by a measurement of motor activity. Drug Bupropion was used as a positive control. Serum levels of nicotine (cotinine) and corticosterone were done by ELISA. In nicotine-dependent r...

A Review of Pharmacological & Clinical Researches on Shoneez (Nigella Sativa LINN.)-A Unani Medicine

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Unani Concept and Management of Waja-Ul-Mafasil (Arthritis) with Special Reference to Hijamah (Cupping Therapy)

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014

Case Report Extensive intramuscular cysticercosis without any neurological involvement: A rare case report

Human cysticercosis is a common tropical disease which is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, larva... more Human cysticercosis is a common tropical disease which is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, larvae of a tapeworm, Taenia solium. Cysticercosis can involve any tissue in the body; the most common affected sites are central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, eyes, and muscles. Extensive intramuscular Cysticercosis without any other systemic involvement is a very rare finding. Here, we report a case of intramuscular Cysticercosis incidentally diagnosed by plain radiographs in a 51 year-old man who presented with osteoarthritis right knee joint and Cysticercosis was an incidental finding.

Management of cervical spondylosis in unani system of medicine

Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common degenerative conditions of the spine. It is caused... more Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common degenerative conditions of the spine. It is caused by the degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs, osteophytosis of vertebral bodies, hypertrophy of the facets and laminal arches, and ligamentous and segmental instability. Risk factors are Age, occupation, genetics, previous injury or trauma. The main complaints are pain in the head, neck and shoulder with corresponding tenderness, sometimes radiation and decreased cervical range of motion. Conventional treatment for cervical spondylosis includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. All these treatment modalities have a range of effects and their availability is meagre and cost over burdened. Hijamah is a Unani regimenal mode of treatment which has been proved effective in various musculoskeletal disorders. In present paper efforts has been made to elaborate the role of Hijamah in the management of cervical spondylosis and to correlate its mechanism with other physi...

Concept of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Greco-Arab (Unani) Medicine

Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to effect humans have preceded recorded history si... more Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to effect humans have preceded recorded history since the changes of spinal tuberculosis in the skeleton of a Neolithic man was described. The development of Greek medicine (Unani medicine) has been the hallmark in the history of medicine and it was with this civilization of ancient Greece that the history of tuberculosis really begins. Hippocrates (460–375 BC) owes to the medicine the art of clinical inspection and observation. It is to the Hippocratic collection that one turns for the first authentic account of clinical tuberculosis. Phthisis, White Plague and Consumption, were the terms used to refer to tuberculosis. Sil and dique, these terms are considered synonyms by Unani (Greco-Arab) physicians. Sil being emaciation and dique means low grade fever which is one of the cardinal symptoms of the disease. The Unani (Greco-Arab) physicians were well aware about the disease “tuberculosis”. It is evident from the description of the dise...

Nutool (Irrigation) - An effective mode of treatment in Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy)

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014

ABSTRACT In Unani system of medicine there are four modes of treatment these are; Illaj bil ghiza... more ABSTRACT In Unani system of medicine there are four modes of treatment these are; Illaj bil ghiza (dietotherapy), Illaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy), Illaj bit tadbeer (Regimenal therapy) and Illaj bil yad (surgery). Illaj bit Tadbeer includes a number of regimenal interventions such as Hijamah (cupping), Irsal alaq (leeching), Fasd (venesection), Dalak (massage), Nutool (irrigation), Qay (Emesis), Idrar-i-Bawl (Diuresis), Tariq (Diaphoresis), Munzij and Mu&#39;shil therapy (Concoction and purgation), Bukhoor (medicated steam), kayy (cauterization), Huqna (enema) etc. Among these regimens Nutool is a novel method in which water, oil or medicated decoction is poured from a height over specific sites of body in certain diseases. This process is called Tanteel (irrigation). Depending upon the nature of liquids used for desired actions in this therapy it has been broadly divided into two types; Nutool Haar and Nutool Barid. Nutool or irrigation is done with a purpose of acceleration of process of Ikhraj-e-mawad (evacuation of morbid material) and Ta&#39;dil-i Mizaj-e-Aza (normalization of morbid temperament) and to improve the Quwat-e –Mudafiat (defense mechanism of body). It also enhances the local absorption of medicines thus helps in getting the desired action of medicine locally. Nutool is effective in relieving chronic disease, pains and stiffness of various types, as in Waja-ul mafasil (arthritis), Suddaa (headache), Sarsaam (meningitis), Shaqiqah (migrane) Sakta (stroke), Ahtibase bol (retention of urine), Warm e suddi (mastitis) and Warme raham (endometritis) etc. This review aims at highlighting the procedure, types and clinical uses of Nutool therapy in light of classical Unani literature. Please cite this article in press as Roohi Azam et al. Nutool (Irrigation) -An effective mode of treatment in Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy). Indo

Concept of Prolapsed Lumbosacral Inter-Vertebral Disc (Hadbah) and Its Management in Unani Medicine

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Pulmonary tuberculosis and its management in classical Unani literature

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world from a single infectious disease and repr... more Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world from a single infectious disease and represents more than a quarter of the world's preventable deaths. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Transmission of TB occurs primarily by the aerosol route but can also occur through the gastrointestinal tract. Coughing by people with active TB produces droplet nuclei containing infectious organisms which can remain suspended in the air for several hours. Infection occurs if inhalation of these droplets results in the organism reaching the alveoli of the lungs. Since administration of a single drug often leads to the development of a bacterial population resistant to that drug, effective regimens for the treatment of TB contain multiple drugs to which the organisms are susceptible. Tuberculosis is usually treated with four different antimicrobial agents. The paper reviews the disease and treatment known to ancient Unani physicians. Pathoph...

Single-Blind, Randomized, Control Trial of a Unani Compound Formulation in Iltehab Tajaweefe Anaf Muzmin

Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of oral Unan... more Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of oral Unani formulations with inhalation of Kalonji and to provide safe, effective, and economical treatment for Iltehab Tajaweefe Anaf Muzmin (chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS]). Methods: A randomized single-blind, comparative study of 40 patients of CRS. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups each consisting of 20 patients. In Group A, oral Unani formulation of Katan (Linum usitatissimum), Filfil Siyah (Piper nigrum), and honey was given 6 g BD with steam inhalation of Kalonji (Nigella sativa) and Tab Alaspan 1 BD with Karvol Plus inhalation was given in Group B. Results: Statistical analysis of the data was done using paired t test by comparing the visual analog scale score of all major and minor symptoms before and after treatment. The result is statistically highly significant in Group A (p<0.0001) and it is significant in Group B. (p<0.01). Conclusion: It may be concluded that t...