Wekî cureyekî edebîyata gel çîrok, di nav civaka kurdan da cîyekî girîng û berfireh digire. Digel... more Wekî cureyekî edebîyata gel çîrok, di nav civaka kurdan da cîyekî girîng û berfireh digire. Digel vê girîngî û dewlemendîyê, lêkolerên kurd, mîna lêkolerên gelên dunyayê, bi awayekî têr û modern neketine bin barê berhevkirina wan. Ji ber ku çîrokên kurdî, bi awayê ku pêdivî pê heye, bi zanistî baş nehatine berhevkirin û li rêbazên hemdem ên zanistî têr nehatine tetbîqkirin, lêkolerên derî kurdan ew berhev kirine, bêyî ku amaje bi zimanê wan ê eslî bikin, wekî ku ne malê gelê kurd be li zimanê xwe wergerane û li rêbaz û teorîyên zanistî tetbîq kirine. Hîna di sedsala 18an da folklornasên Ewrûpî, dest bi berhevkirin û analîza çîrokên xwe kirîye û ji bo vê jî wan, teorî û rêbazên cîyawaz li pêşberî berhevkaran danîne. Seyra van cure xebat û lêkolînan ji Îngiltere, Almanya, Fransa û Îskoçya heta Rûsyayê berfireh bûye. Ji ber bêderfetîyan, heta niha bi awayekî ku heq dike, çîrokên kurmancî li ser rêbazên zanistî nehatine tetbîqkirin. Rêbaza analîza çîrokan a Vladimir Propp ku di nav rêbaz û teorîyên dahûrîna çîrokan da li dunyayê berbelav e, ji gelek alîyan ve bi çîrokên kurdî ra li hev dike. V. Propp, bi vê rêbaza xwe, hewl dide ku hemû hêlên etîmolojîka dîrokî ya çîrokan dêne ber xwe û li ser guherîn û veguherînên wan ên serdemî bixebite. Ew li ser guherînên ku çîrokek, di nav pêvajoya serdemekê da rast lê hatîye kûr dibe. Ew li şûna analîza dîyakronîk, analîza senkronîk ku hêmanên çîrokê, di nav beşeke serdemekê da digire destî pêşnîyaz dike. V. Propp, ji parçeyên çîrokê dest pê dike û ber bi giştîya wê ve diçe û lê dikole, bê ka binyada wê çawa ye. Di vê xebatê da me jî hewl da ku em çîrokeke kurmancî, li gor rêbaza zanistî, li ser edebîyata devkî ya kurdî tescîl bikin û li gor rêbaza Proppî analîz bikin. Ji lew ra Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Türkiyede Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Öğr. Gör. (Zanîngeha Mêrdîn Aruklu, Enstîtuya Zimanên Zindî yên li Turkîyeyê, Peywirdarê Fêrkarîyê) ORCID: 0000-0002-8763-4182 Ayhan Yıldız me çîrokeke ku bi awayê zanistî hatîye berhevkirin girt û ew li gor vê rêbazê, ji hêla tevger û fonksîyonên wê ve analîz kir.
Alimê serdema Dewleta Osmanî Xasî, wekî ronakbîrekî Dîyarbekirê, bi edebîyat û îlmê Îslamî re meş... more Alimê serdema Dewleta Osmanî Xasî, wekî ronakbîrekî Dîyarbekirê, bi edebîyat û îlmê Îslamî re meşxûl bûye. Digel tehsîla îlmên klasîk ên medreseyên serdema xwe, ew bi îlmê tesewwuf, fiqih, û kelamê re jî eleqedar bûye. Wî di biwarê kelam û edebîyatê de hem berhem dane hem jî li pêşberî rûdanên civakî-sîyasî reftar û helwesta xwe nîşan daye. Xasî wekî helwesteke bertekî, li hember rûdanên dewrê, dev ji wezîfeya xwe ya fermî berdaye û kesayetîyeke azad tercîh kirîye. Ji ber vê, rayedarên wê serdemê, tehde lê kirine, ew sirgûn û zindanî kirîye. Ew bi vê xweragirtinê gihaştîye asta muderristî, muftîtîyê, nivîskarîya îlmê kelamê û di qada tesewwufê de derketîye payeya xelîfetîyê. Wekî edîbekî kurmanc û dimbilîyan, wî mesnewîyeke Me lidê, bi kirmancî/ zazayî, mulemme'eke pênczimanî û çend helbestên din bi kurmancî, erebî, tirkî û farisî hûnane. Digel van, wî çend berhemên îlmî-kelamî bi zimanê erebî hûnaye. Li hember bîr û boçûnên dijberî Ehlê Sunnetê, wekî alimekî Eş'erî, wî bi berhemên xwe bi awayê çalak eqîdeya Îslamî parastîye. Şexsîyeteke wiha binavûdeng ku li herêma kurmanc û
This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via ithenticate plagiarism we... more This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via ithenticate plagiarism website // Ev gotar herî kêm ji alîyê 2 hakeman va hatiye nirxandin û di malpera întîhalê ithenticate ra hatiye derbaskirin. Kurte Mele Ebdulletîfê Berwarî li herêma Sêrt û Wanê wekî alimekî edîb û hekîmekî gel dihê naskirin. Li ser berhemeke wî ya edebî-dînî xebatek hat kirin û di lîteratura Kurmancî da cihê xwe girt. Çi heye ku li ser binemal, bîyografî, berhem û hekîmtîya wî, xebatên dorfireh kêm bûn. Ji bo ku ev alîyên wî bi berfirehî dîyar bibin û ew jî digel berhemên xwe di dîroka edebîyata Kurmancî da cihê xwe yê taybet û xweser bigire, bi vê xebatê me li ser binemal, bîyografî, berhem û alîyê wî yê hekîmtîyê dest bi lêkolîna qadî kir. Ji bo vê jî me hevdîtin û mulaqat digel şexsê wî pêk anîn, berhemên wî bi dest xistin û xwandin û ji kesên derdora wî jî agadarîyên pêwîst wekî dane kom kirin. Li ber ronahîya van daneyan me kesayetîya wî ya edebî û hekîmtîya wî analîz kirin. Di pey lêkolînê da dîyar bû ku Mele Ebdulletîf ji malbateke tebîetşair û alim e. Wî di serdema xwe da li cem alimên mezin ên medreseyên herêma Sêrtê îlmê medrese, tesewif û hekîmtîya nerîtî ya gel û hekîmtîya Îslamî tehsîl kirîye. Mele Ebdulletîf piştî qedandina tehsîlê, ji destê van aliman îcaze wergirtîye. Wî çawa ku xizmeta melatîyê kirîye, wekî hekîmekî dermandarîya Kurmancî jî xizmeta xelkê kirîye. Bi ser van da jî wî ji berhemên Erebî jî hin beşên li ser hekîmtîyê wergerandine Kurmancî. Ji bilî van xizmetan, wî bi zimanê Erebî û Kurdî berhemên edebî û dînî jî nivîsîne. Li ser bingeha berhemên wî yên edebî, îlmî û xizmetên wî, mirov digihîje wê qenaetê ku Mele Ebdulletîfê Berwarî, mîna Şêx Muşerrefê Xinûkî ku alimekî mutesewif bû, daye ser şopa edîbên herêma Sêrtê û cihê xwe di vê nerîta edebî da girtîye. Wî digel dîwanek û mesnewîyekê, du pirtûkên li ser hekîmtîyê bi Kurmancî; pirtûkek jî li ser fiqha Îslamî bi zimanê Erebî nivîsîye. Bi vî awayê xwe yê pirhêlî yê berhemdarî û xizmetê, wî ji gelek alimên nerîta klasîk a medreseyan ciheki cîyawaz girtîye.
Dünya ve Kürt dilbilim insanları, ondokuzundcu yüzyıldan itibaren Kürt dilini coğrafi özellikleri... more Dünya ve Kürt dilbilim insanları, ondokuzundcu yüzyıldan itibaren Kürt dilini coğrafi özellikleri yönünden kuzey Kürtçe, güney Kürtçe, orta Kürtçe ve batı Kürtçe olarak; dilbilgisi özellikleri bakımından da Kurmancî, Soranî, Lorî, Goranî ve Zazakî Kürtçesi gibi lehçelere ayırmışlardır. Dilbilimciler, bu lehçeleri de onların konuşucularının konuşma biçimlerine ve cografyalarının özelliklerine göre çeşitli ağız ve şivelere ayırmışlardır. Bu araştırmanın konusu olan Garzan ağzı, konuşucularının cografyası bakımından Kurmancinin hangi yerinde yer almakta ve dilbilgisi ile sözcükbilimin hangi özelliklerine göre Kurmancinin diğer ağızlarından farklılıklar gösterdiği, “araştırmanın sorunu” olarak belirlendi. Kürtçe dilbilim alanyazınından lehçebilim çalışmaları alanı tarandıktan sonra, Garzan ağzının Kürtçe dilbilim araştırmacılarının gözlemlerinde iyi bir şekilde yer almadığı ve onun coğrafi ve dilbillgisi özelliklerinin yeterince değerlendirilmediği tespit edildi. Bu yüzden bu çalışmanın...
Şakıro, one of the representatives of the dengbêjlik tradition of the Serhad region, was born in ... more Şakıro, one of the representatives of the dengbêjlik tradition of the Serhad region, was born in 1935 in the village of Dutax; He died in 1996. He has filled dozens of tapes throughout his life. this file has been deciphered in about 20 cassettes; the history of each class was written. Serhad bölgesi dengbêjlik geleneğinin temsilcilerinden olan Şakıro, 1935 yılında Dutax köyünde dünyaya gelmiş; 1996'da vefat etmiştir. Kendisi ömrü boyunca onlarca kaset doldurmuştur. bu dosyada 20'ye yakın kasetindeki kılamları deşifre edilmiş; her kılamın öyküsü yazılmaya çalışıllmıştır
The effects of solarization treatments, alone or with organic amendments and urea against vertici... more The effects of solarization treatments, alone or with organic amendments and urea against verticillium wilt on olives were studied. Trials were carried out during the 2005 - 2007 seasons in an olive orchard consisting of 700 4 - 6 year old trees (cv Gemlik) in Germencik region of Aydin. Five treatments were carried out: Solarization (S), solarization + chicken manure (SCM) (1 kg m -2 ), solarization + olive processing waste (SOPW) (2 kg m -2 ), solarization + urea (SU) (100 g m -2 ) and an untreated control (C). Maximum soil temperatures reached in solarized plots were 54.7 and 43.9°C and in the non-solarized plots were 44.4 and 37.4°C at 5 and 20 cm soil depth, respectively. At the end of two years, the disease incidence and severity index decreased to zero in the treatments that included S. In the SCM treatment and in the control, the highest severity index (8.0) was recorded while the disease incidence slightly decreased from 66.7 to 44.4%. In SOPW plots, the disease severity ind...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) o... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) on the weeds, damping-off, and seedling growth of tobacco. Methyl bromide (90 g m-2), dazomet (D) (50 g m-2), and metam sodium (MS) (100 mL m-2) were evaluated in 2 locations in the Karacasu district of Aydin province, Turkey, February-April 2005. In addition, half doses of D and MS were investigated in 2006. MeBr treatment had 52.5% control against the postemergence damping-off caused by Pythium spp., while alternative treatments had no effect on the disease in 2005. In 2006, MeBr and MS (100 mL m-2) showed 77.6% and 100% control against the disease, respectively. All fumigant treatments significantly controlled pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.), burning nettle (Urtica urens L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), except dazomet (50 g m-...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) o... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) on the weeds, damping-off, and seedling growth of tobacco. Methyl bromide (90 g m -2), dazomet (D) (50 g m -2), and metam sodium (MS) (100 mL m -2) were evaluated in 2 locations in the Karacasu district of Aydın province, Turkey, February-April 2005. In addition, half doses of D and MS were investigated in 2006. MeBr treatment had 52.5% control against the postemergence damping-off caused by Pythium spp., while alternative treatments had no effect on the disease in 2005. In 2006, MeBr and MS (100 mL m -2) showed 77.6% and 100% control against the disease, respectively. All fumigant treatments significantly controlled pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.), burning nettle (Urtica urens L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), except dazomet (50 ...
With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, r... more With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, responsible for 13% of the overall strawberry production in Turkey. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) are mainly grown in raised, plastic-mulched beds under tunnels and soil solarization is the most effectively used management practice to control soil-borne pathogens. During October 2011 and 2012, 2 months after planting, wilting and collapse of plants were observed on commercial strawberry (cv. strawberry Festival) fields in Sultanhisar town of Aydin Province. Eleven percent of the plants were wilted and died. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened necrotic discoloration of roots and in the cross section of crowns. A fungus was consistently isolated from pieces of infected tissue cut aseptically from the crowns and placed on potato dextrose agar. Fungus produced white colonies and later turned olivaecious black with dense aerial mycelium after 4 to 5 days incubation at 27°C. Da...
Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the st... more Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the strawberry crop that cause seriously reduced yields. Various methods are being used to determine pathogenicity of these fungi isolated from strawberry; however, they take a long time to grow strawberry plants. They also encounter some problems to provide a large number of healthy plants for the pathogenicity tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a faster and more reliable pathogenicity test for soilborne fungal pathogens of strawberry by using the stolons of healthy strawberry plants. The stolon inoculation method was demonstrated to be easy and rapid for properly distinguishing soilborne fungal species of strawberry, whether pathogenic or non-pathogenic, and also for assessing the isolates for virulence.
ABSTRACT Two field experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006... more ABSTRACT Two field experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 in strawberry-growing areas of Aydin province of Turkey to (a) compare soil solarization and metam sodium (MS) combinations with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF); and (b) evaluate strawberry fruit yield, soilborne disease and weed control efficacy. Disinfestation treatments were as follows: (i) raised bed solarization for about 6 weeks, (ii) raised bed solarization for 3 weeks, (iii) raised bed solarization for 2 weeks + MS (50 ml m-2), (iv) MS (50 ml m-2) with LPDE (v) MS (100 ml m-2) with LDPE, (vi) MS (50 ml m-2) with VIF, (vii) MS (100 ml m-2) with VIF. Results indicated that Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium spp. were the major fungal pathogens isolated from the crown of dead or dying plants in both cropping seasons. MS treatment (100 ml m-2) through the drip irrigation system under LDPE sheet or VIF reduced soilborne diseases significantly while reduced dosage of MS (50 ml m-2) under LDPE or VIF and in combination with 2-week soil solarization controlled the soilborne diseases to a greater extent than soil solarization treatments. All treatments controlled the following weed species: Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Poa annua, Alopecurus myosuroides, Matricaria chamomilla, Digitaria sanguinalis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Seteria verticillata, Chenopodium album, Stelleria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Echinochloa cruss-galli, Veronica hederifolia, Lamium amplexicaule and Silybum marianum. None of the treatments provided acceptable control of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Metam sodium application (100 ml m-2) significantly increased yields by 18.5% and 14.5% in the 2005/2006 and 21.6% and 18.5% in the 2006/2007 season under LDPE and VIF, respectively, while marketable fruit yield was not significantly increased by soil solarization treatments in either trial. There was no significant difference between MS applications under LDPE and VIF for the weed and disease control, and marketable fruit yield.
A weed survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Aydin province of Turkey showed that Solanum nigrum, ... more A weed survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Aydin province of Turkey showed that Solanum nigrum, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Sonchus oleraceus and Datura stramonium were the most prevalent weeds in the cotton fields exhibiting Verticillium wilt. Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was recovered from A. retroflexus and X. strumarium in those cotton fields. This is the first report of V. dahliae occurring naturally in A. retroflexus in Turkey. Pathogenicity tests on cotton and weeds showed that the virulence of V. dahliae isolates from weeds was higher on cotton plants than on weeds, with the disease severity ranging from 31.7% to 98.0%. Disease severity of V. dahliae isolates was 54.7-93.9% on eggplant, 23.7-51.6% on cucumber and 11.0-16.4% on tomato, whereas it did not cause any disease symptoms, or only low levels, on pepper and bell pepper. Two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified among seven tested weed isolates: VCG2A (two isolates) and VCG2B (three isolates) using international reference strains.
... Ayhan Yildiz & Seher Benlioğlu & Özhan Boz & Kemal Benlio... more ... Ayhan Yildiz & Seher Benlioğlu & Özhan Boz & Kemal Benlioğlu ... known that micro-sclerotia of M. phaseolina have much higher tempera-ture resistance compared with other pathogens (Bega and Smith 1962; Lodha and Solanki 1992; Mihail and Alcorn 1984; Sheikh, A., 1981 ...
Field experiments were conducted in the two cropping seasons between 2002 and 2004 to determine e... more Field experiments were conducted in the two cropping seasons between 2002 and 2004 to determine effects on soil-borne diseases, weeds and yield of strawberry of raised bed solarization (RBS), alone or with chicken manure (CM) amendment, methyl bromide (MB), TeloDrip (1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin), short RBS combined with reduced doses of metam sodium (MS) and TeloDrip. In both seasons, raised bed soil solarization (for 7 weeks) alone or with CM amendment (10 t/ha), MS (50 ml/m 2 ) after 2-week RBS, and MB (50 g/m 2 ) significantly reduced soil-borne diseases (caused by Rhizoctonia spp. and Phytophthora cactorum) while application of TeloDrip at a rate of 500 kg/ha and a half-dose after short solarization controlled the soil-borne diseases to a lesser extent in the 2003-2004 cropping season. All treatments provided effective control of four weed species; annual bluegrass (Poa annua), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) but not horseweed (Conyza canadensis). In the first year trial, total marketable yields from RBS with or without CM and 2-week solarization plus MS were equivalent to yields produced by MB treatment whereas only raised bed soil solarization and CM amendment led to the same increase of yield as MB in the second year.
The general climate of Aydin is Mediterranean with mild winters and dry summer. Most of the straw... more The general climate of Aydin is Mediterranean with mild winters and dry summer. Most of the strawberry production in Aydin centers on Sultanhisar town. Plants are usually set in the summer as either frigo plants or pot-rooted runners using predominantly California cultivars ( ...
The literary works with the type of akidename in Kurdish literature are widely seen in the litera... more The literary works with the type of akidename in Kurdish literature are widely seen in the literature of theology and they have a history of nearly three centuries. In line with the historical development of the science of Kalam in Islamic literature in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, writing poems on credendum/faith has become a literary tradition. Kurdish madrasah scholars also participated in this tradition by writing works in their mother tongue. Ahmede Xani (17th century) is one of the leading ones among those who produce that kind of works. Xani's poetic work titled Akideya Imane became an exemplary work for many literary scholars. However, some of the literary scholars have written this type of work in the form of prose. Akidenames handle the topics of the pillars of the faith; the belief to Allah, angels, holy books, prophets, the doomsday, fate and the Judgement Day. In addition to these topics, some akides were also written about the questions of the science of Kalam suc...
Hudûdên devoka herêma Xerzan, ji hudûdê bajarê Bidlîsê dest pê dike, heta hudûdê Mûş, Dîyarbekir,... more Hudûdên devoka herêma Xerzan, ji hudûdê bajarê Bidlîsê dest pê dike, heta hudûdê Mûş, Dîyarbekir, Sêrt, Batman û Mêrdînê dewam dike û digihêje heta sînorê devoka Torî ku di nav sînorên Mêrdînê da cih digire. Devoka Xerzan, di dirêjahîya domahîya dîrokê da neçar maye ku di bin desthilatdarîya dewletên curbicur da bimêne. Her çiqas zemanê berê li herêma Xerzan nufûsa ermenîyan jî hebûye, bes îro tenê şênîyên ku bi erebî, kurmancîya jor û kirmanckî/zazakî/dimbilkî dipeyivin li vir dijîn. Zemanê ku ermenî li vir hebûn, dînî Îsewîyan jî hebûye; lêbelê îro tenê muntesîbên dînê Îslamê ku li ser mezhebê Sunnî-Şafîî ne li vir dijîn. Di vê xebatê da taybetmendîyên devoka Xerzan û dîyaleketa kurmancîya jêrîn û devokên din ên kurmancî yên mîna devoka Torê, Mêrdîn, Dîyarbekir û Serhedê digel hev hatine berawirdkirin. Li ser bingehê hewl hatîye dayîn ku tesbîta karakterên hevbeş ên devoka Xerzan û dîyalektên din, digel ên kurmancîya jêrîn bihê kirin.
Wekî cureyekî edebîyata gel çîrok, di nav civaka kurdan da cîyekî girîng û berfireh digire. Digel... more Wekî cureyekî edebîyata gel çîrok, di nav civaka kurdan da cîyekî girîng û berfireh digire. Digel vê girîngî û dewlemendîyê, lêkolerên kurd, mîna lêkolerên gelên dunyayê, bi awayekî têr û modern neketine bin barê berhevkirina wan. Ji ber ku çîrokên kurdî, bi awayê ku pêdivî pê heye, bi zanistî baş nehatine berhevkirin û li rêbazên hemdem ên zanistî têr nehatine tetbîqkirin, lêkolerên derî kurdan ew berhev kirine, bêyî ku amaje bi zimanê wan ê eslî bikin, wekî ku ne malê gelê kurd be li zimanê xwe wergerane û li rêbaz û teorîyên zanistî tetbîq kirine. Hîna di sedsala 18an da folklornasên Ewrûpî, dest bi berhevkirin û analîza çîrokên xwe kirîye û ji bo vê jî wan, teorî û rêbazên cîyawaz li pêşberî berhevkaran danîne. Seyra van cure xebat û lêkolînan ji Îngiltere, Almanya, Fransa û Îskoçya heta Rûsyayê berfireh bûye. Ji ber bêderfetîyan, heta niha bi awayekî ku heq dike, çîrokên kurmancî li ser rêbazên zanistî nehatine tetbîqkirin. Rêbaza analîza çîrokan a Vladimir Propp ku di nav rêbaz û teorîyên dahûrîna çîrokan da li dunyayê berbelav e, ji gelek alîyan ve bi çîrokên kurdî ra li hev dike. V. Propp, bi vê rêbaza xwe, hewl dide ku hemû hêlên etîmolojîka dîrokî ya çîrokan dêne ber xwe û li ser guherîn û veguherînên wan ên serdemî bixebite. Ew li ser guherînên ku çîrokek, di nav pêvajoya serdemekê da rast lê hatîye kûr dibe. Ew li şûna analîza dîyakronîk, analîza senkronîk ku hêmanên çîrokê, di nav beşeke serdemekê da digire destî pêşnîyaz dike. V. Propp, ji parçeyên çîrokê dest pê dike û ber bi giştîya wê ve diçe û lê dikole, bê ka binyada wê çawa ye. Di vê xebatê da me jî hewl da ku em çîrokeke kurmancî, li gor rêbaza zanistî, li ser edebîyata devkî ya kurdî tescîl bikin û li gor rêbaza Proppî analîz bikin. Ji lew ra Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Türkiyede Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Öğr. Gör. (Zanîngeha Mêrdîn Aruklu, Enstîtuya Zimanên Zindî yên li Turkîyeyê, Peywirdarê Fêrkarîyê) ORCID: 0000-0002-8763-4182 Ayhan Yıldız me çîrokeke ku bi awayê zanistî hatîye berhevkirin girt û ew li gor vê rêbazê, ji hêla tevger û fonksîyonên wê ve analîz kir.
Alimê serdema Dewleta Osmanî Xasî, wekî ronakbîrekî Dîyarbekirê, bi edebîyat û îlmê Îslamî re meş... more Alimê serdema Dewleta Osmanî Xasî, wekî ronakbîrekî Dîyarbekirê, bi edebîyat û îlmê Îslamî re meşxûl bûye. Digel tehsîla îlmên klasîk ên medreseyên serdema xwe, ew bi îlmê tesewwuf, fiqih, û kelamê re jî eleqedar bûye. Wî di biwarê kelam û edebîyatê de hem berhem dane hem jî li pêşberî rûdanên civakî-sîyasî reftar û helwesta xwe nîşan daye. Xasî wekî helwesteke bertekî, li hember rûdanên dewrê, dev ji wezîfeya xwe ya fermî berdaye û kesayetîyeke azad tercîh kirîye. Ji ber vê, rayedarên wê serdemê, tehde lê kirine, ew sirgûn û zindanî kirîye. Ew bi vê xweragirtinê gihaştîye asta muderristî, muftîtîyê, nivîskarîya îlmê kelamê û di qada tesewwufê de derketîye payeya xelîfetîyê. Wekî edîbekî kurmanc û dimbilîyan, wî mesnewîyeke Me lidê, bi kirmancî/ zazayî, mulemme'eke pênczimanî û çend helbestên din bi kurmancî, erebî, tirkî û farisî hûnane. Digel van, wî çend berhemên îlmî-kelamî bi zimanê erebî hûnaye. Li hember bîr û boçûnên dijberî Ehlê Sunnetê, wekî alimekî Eş'erî, wî bi berhemên xwe bi awayê çalak eqîdeya Îslamî parastîye. Şexsîyeteke wiha binavûdeng ku li herêma kurmanc û
This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via ithenticate plagiarism we... more This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via ithenticate plagiarism website // Ev gotar herî kêm ji alîyê 2 hakeman va hatiye nirxandin û di malpera întîhalê ithenticate ra hatiye derbaskirin. Kurte Mele Ebdulletîfê Berwarî li herêma Sêrt û Wanê wekî alimekî edîb û hekîmekî gel dihê naskirin. Li ser berhemeke wî ya edebî-dînî xebatek hat kirin û di lîteratura Kurmancî da cihê xwe girt. Çi heye ku li ser binemal, bîyografî, berhem û hekîmtîya wî, xebatên dorfireh kêm bûn. Ji bo ku ev alîyên wî bi berfirehî dîyar bibin û ew jî digel berhemên xwe di dîroka edebîyata Kurmancî da cihê xwe yê taybet û xweser bigire, bi vê xebatê me li ser binemal, bîyografî, berhem û alîyê wî yê hekîmtîyê dest bi lêkolîna qadî kir. Ji bo vê jî me hevdîtin û mulaqat digel şexsê wî pêk anîn, berhemên wî bi dest xistin û xwandin û ji kesên derdora wî jî agadarîyên pêwîst wekî dane kom kirin. Li ber ronahîya van daneyan me kesayetîya wî ya edebî û hekîmtîya wî analîz kirin. Di pey lêkolînê da dîyar bû ku Mele Ebdulletîf ji malbateke tebîetşair û alim e. Wî di serdema xwe da li cem alimên mezin ên medreseyên herêma Sêrtê îlmê medrese, tesewif û hekîmtîya nerîtî ya gel û hekîmtîya Îslamî tehsîl kirîye. Mele Ebdulletîf piştî qedandina tehsîlê, ji destê van aliman îcaze wergirtîye. Wî çawa ku xizmeta melatîyê kirîye, wekî hekîmekî dermandarîya Kurmancî jî xizmeta xelkê kirîye. Bi ser van da jî wî ji berhemên Erebî jî hin beşên li ser hekîmtîyê wergerandine Kurmancî. Ji bilî van xizmetan, wî bi zimanê Erebî û Kurdî berhemên edebî û dînî jî nivîsîne. Li ser bingeha berhemên wî yên edebî, îlmî û xizmetên wî, mirov digihîje wê qenaetê ku Mele Ebdulletîfê Berwarî, mîna Şêx Muşerrefê Xinûkî ku alimekî mutesewif bû, daye ser şopa edîbên herêma Sêrtê û cihê xwe di vê nerîta edebî da girtîye. Wî digel dîwanek û mesnewîyekê, du pirtûkên li ser hekîmtîyê bi Kurmancî; pirtûkek jî li ser fiqha Îslamî bi zimanê Erebî nivîsîye. Bi vî awayê xwe yê pirhêlî yê berhemdarî û xizmetê, wî ji gelek alimên nerîta klasîk a medreseyan ciheki cîyawaz girtîye.
Dünya ve Kürt dilbilim insanları, ondokuzundcu yüzyıldan itibaren Kürt dilini coğrafi özellikleri... more Dünya ve Kürt dilbilim insanları, ondokuzundcu yüzyıldan itibaren Kürt dilini coğrafi özellikleri yönünden kuzey Kürtçe, güney Kürtçe, orta Kürtçe ve batı Kürtçe olarak; dilbilgisi özellikleri bakımından da Kurmancî, Soranî, Lorî, Goranî ve Zazakî Kürtçesi gibi lehçelere ayırmışlardır. Dilbilimciler, bu lehçeleri de onların konuşucularının konuşma biçimlerine ve cografyalarının özelliklerine göre çeşitli ağız ve şivelere ayırmışlardır. Bu araştırmanın konusu olan Garzan ağzı, konuşucularının cografyası bakımından Kurmancinin hangi yerinde yer almakta ve dilbilgisi ile sözcükbilimin hangi özelliklerine göre Kurmancinin diğer ağızlarından farklılıklar gösterdiği, “araştırmanın sorunu” olarak belirlendi. Kürtçe dilbilim alanyazınından lehçebilim çalışmaları alanı tarandıktan sonra, Garzan ağzının Kürtçe dilbilim araştırmacılarının gözlemlerinde iyi bir şekilde yer almadığı ve onun coğrafi ve dilbillgisi özelliklerinin yeterince değerlendirilmediği tespit edildi. Bu yüzden bu çalışmanın...
Şakıro, one of the representatives of the dengbêjlik tradition of the Serhad region, was born in ... more Şakıro, one of the representatives of the dengbêjlik tradition of the Serhad region, was born in 1935 in the village of Dutax; He died in 1996. He has filled dozens of tapes throughout his life. this file has been deciphered in about 20 cassettes; the history of each class was written. Serhad bölgesi dengbêjlik geleneğinin temsilcilerinden olan Şakıro, 1935 yılında Dutax köyünde dünyaya gelmiş; 1996'da vefat etmiştir. Kendisi ömrü boyunca onlarca kaset doldurmuştur. bu dosyada 20'ye yakın kasetindeki kılamları deşifre edilmiş; her kılamın öyküsü yazılmaya çalışıllmıştır
The effects of solarization treatments, alone or with organic amendments and urea against vertici... more The effects of solarization treatments, alone or with organic amendments and urea against verticillium wilt on olives were studied. Trials were carried out during the 2005 - 2007 seasons in an olive orchard consisting of 700 4 - 6 year old trees (cv Gemlik) in Germencik region of Aydin. Five treatments were carried out: Solarization (S), solarization + chicken manure (SCM) (1 kg m -2 ), solarization + olive processing waste (SOPW) (2 kg m -2 ), solarization + urea (SU) (100 g m -2 ) and an untreated control (C). Maximum soil temperatures reached in solarized plots were 54.7 and 43.9°C and in the non-solarized plots were 44.4 and 37.4°C at 5 and 20 cm soil depth, respectively. At the end of two years, the disease incidence and severity index decreased to zero in the treatments that included S. In the SCM treatment and in the control, the highest severity index (8.0) was recorded while the disease incidence slightly decreased from 66.7 to 44.4%. In SOPW plots, the disease severity ind...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) o... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) on the weeds, damping-off, and seedling growth of tobacco. Methyl bromide (90 g m-2), dazomet (D) (50 g m-2), and metam sodium (MS) (100 mL m-2) were evaluated in 2 locations in the Karacasu district of Aydin province, Turkey, February-April 2005. In addition, half doses of D and MS were investigated in 2006. MeBr treatment had 52.5% control against the postemergence damping-off caused by Pythium spp., while alternative treatments had no effect on the disease in 2005. In 2006, MeBr and MS (100 mL m-2) showed 77.6% and 100% control against the disease, respectively. All fumigant treatments significantly controlled pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.), burning nettle (Urtica urens L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), except dazomet (50 g m-...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) o... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) on the weeds, damping-off, and seedling growth of tobacco. Methyl bromide (90 g m -2), dazomet (D) (50 g m -2), and metam sodium (MS) (100 mL m -2) were evaluated in 2 locations in the Karacasu district of Aydın province, Turkey, February-April 2005. In addition, half doses of D and MS were investigated in 2006. MeBr treatment had 52.5% control against the postemergence damping-off caused by Pythium spp., while alternative treatments had no effect on the disease in 2005. In 2006, MeBr and MS (100 mL m -2) showed 77.6% and 100% control against the disease, respectively. All fumigant treatments significantly controlled pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.), burning nettle (Urtica urens L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), except dazomet (50 ...
With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, r... more With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, responsible for 13% of the overall strawberry production in Turkey. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) are mainly grown in raised, plastic-mulched beds under tunnels and soil solarization is the most effectively used management practice to control soil-borne pathogens. During October 2011 and 2012, 2 months after planting, wilting and collapse of plants were observed on commercial strawberry (cv. strawberry Festival) fields in Sultanhisar town of Aydin Province. Eleven percent of the plants were wilted and died. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened necrotic discoloration of roots and in the cross section of crowns. A fungus was consistently isolated from pieces of infected tissue cut aseptically from the crowns and placed on potato dextrose agar. Fungus produced white colonies and later turned olivaecious black with dense aerial mycelium after 4 to 5 days incubation at 27°C. Da...
Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the st... more Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the strawberry crop that cause seriously reduced yields. Various methods are being used to determine pathogenicity of these fungi isolated from strawberry; however, they take a long time to grow strawberry plants. They also encounter some problems to provide a large number of healthy plants for the pathogenicity tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a faster and more reliable pathogenicity test for soilborne fungal pathogens of strawberry by using the stolons of healthy strawberry plants. The stolon inoculation method was demonstrated to be easy and rapid for properly distinguishing soilborne fungal species of strawberry, whether pathogenic or non-pathogenic, and also for assessing the isolates for virulence.
ABSTRACT Two field experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006... more ABSTRACT Two field experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 in strawberry-growing areas of Aydin province of Turkey to (a) compare soil solarization and metam sodium (MS) combinations with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF); and (b) evaluate strawberry fruit yield, soilborne disease and weed control efficacy. Disinfestation treatments were as follows: (i) raised bed solarization for about 6 weeks, (ii) raised bed solarization for 3 weeks, (iii) raised bed solarization for 2 weeks + MS (50 ml m-2), (iv) MS (50 ml m-2) with LPDE (v) MS (100 ml m-2) with LDPE, (vi) MS (50 ml m-2) with VIF, (vii) MS (100 ml m-2) with VIF. Results indicated that Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium spp. were the major fungal pathogens isolated from the crown of dead or dying plants in both cropping seasons. MS treatment (100 ml m-2) through the drip irrigation system under LDPE sheet or VIF reduced soilborne diseases significantly while reduced dosage of MS (50 ml m-2) under LDPE or VIF and in combination with 2-week soil solarization controlled the soilborne diseases to a greater extent than soil solarization treatments. All treatments controlled the following weed species: Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Poa annua, Alopecurus myosuroides, Matricaria chamomilla, Digitaria sanguinalis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Seteria verticillata, Chenopodium album, Stelleria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Echinochloa cruss-galli, Veronica hederifolia, Lamium amplexicaule and Silybum marianum. None of the treatments provided acceptable control of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Metam sodium application (100 ml m-2) significantly increased yields by 18.5% and 14.5% in the 2005/2006 and 21.6% and 18.5% in the 2006/2007 season under LDPE and VIF, respectively, while marketable fruit yield was not significantly increased by soil solarization treatments in either trial. There was no significant difference between MS applications under LDPE and VIF for the weed and disease control, and marketable fruit yield.
A weed survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Aydin province of Turkey showed that Solanum nigrum, ... more A weed survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Aydin province of Turkey showed that Solanum nigrum, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Sonchus oleraceus and Datura stramonium were the most prevalent weeds in the cotton fields exhibiting Verticillium wilt. Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was recovered from A. retroflexus and X. strumarium in those cotton fields. This is the first report of V. dahliae occurring naturally in A. retroflexus in Turkey. Pathogenicity tests on cotton and weeds showed that the virulence of V. dahliae isolates from weeds was higher on cotton plants than on weeds, with the disease severity ranging from 31.7% to 98.0%. Disease severity of V. dahliae isolates was 54.7-93.9% on eggplant, 23.7-51.6% on cucumber and 11.0-16.4% on tomato, whereas it did not cause any disease symptoms, or only low levels, on pepper and bell pepper. Two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified among seven tested weed isolates: VCG2A (two isolates) and VCG2B (three isolates) using international reference strains.
... Ayhan Yildiz & Seher Benlioğlu & Özhan Boz & Kemal Benlio... more ... Ayhan Yildiz & Seher Benlioğlu & Özhan Boz & Kemal Benlioğlu ... known that micro-sclerotia of M. phaseolina have much higher tempera-ture resistance compared with other pathogens (Bega and Smith 1962; Lodha and Solanki 1992; Mihail and Alcorn 1984; Sheikh, A., 1981 ...
Field experiments were conducted in the two cropping seasons between 2002 and 2004 to determine e... more Field experiments were conducted in the two cropping seasons between 2002 and 2004 to determine effects on soil-borne diseases, weeds and yield of strawberry of raised bed solarization (RBS), alone or with chicken manure (CM) amendment, methyl bromide (MB), TeloDrip (1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin), short RBS combined with reduced doses of metam sodium (MS) and TeloDrip. In both seasons, raised bed soil solarization (for 7 weeks) alone or with CM amendment (10 t/ha), MS (50 ml/m 2 ) after 2-week RBS, and MB (50 g/m 2 ) significantly reduced soil-borne diseases (caused by Rhizoctonia spp. and Phytophthora cactorum) while application of TeloDrip at a rate of 500 kg/ha and a half-dose after short solarization controlled the soil-borne diseases to a lesser extent in the 2003-2004 cropping season. All treatments provided effective control of four weed species; annual bluegrass (Poa annua), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) but not horseweed (Conyza canadensis). In the first year trial, total marketable yields from RBS with or without CM and 2-week solarization plus MS were equivalent to yields produced by MB treatment whereas only raised bed soil solarization and CM amendment led to the same increase of yield as MB in the second year.
The general climate of Aydin is Mediterranean with mild winters and dry summer. Most of the straw... more The general climate of Aydin is Mediterranean with mild winters and dry summer. Most of the strawberry production in Aydin centers on Sultanhisar town. Plants are usually set in the summer as either frigo plants or pot-rooted runners using predominantly California cultivars ( ...
The literary works with the type of akidename in Kurdish literature are widely seen in the litera... more The literary works with the type of akidename in Kurdish literature are widely seen in the literature of theology and they have a history of nearly three centuries. In line with the historical development of the science of Kalam in Islamic literature in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, writing poems on credendum/faith has become a literary tradition. Kurdish madrasah scholars also participated in this tradition by writing works in their mother tongue. Ahmede Xani (17th century) is one of the leading ones among those who produce that kind of works. Xani's poetic work titled Akideya Imane became an exemplary work for many literary scholars. However, some of the literary scholars have written this type of work in the form of prose. Akidenames handle the topics of the pillars of the faith; the belief to Allah, angels, holy books, prophets, the doomsday, fate and the Judgement Day. In addition to these topics, some akides were also written about the questions of the science of Kalam suc...
Hudûdên devoka herêma Xerzan, ji hudûdê bajarê Bidlîsê dest pê dike, heta hudûdê Mûş, Dîyarbekir,... more Hudûdên devoka herêma Xerzan, ji hudûdê bajarê Bidlîsê dest pê dike, heta hudûdê Mûş, Dîyarbekir, Sêrt, Batman û Mêrdînê dewam dike û digihêje heta sînorê devoka Torî ku di nav sînorên Mêrdînê da cih digire. Devoka Xerzan, di dirêjahîya domahîya dîrokê da neçar maye ku di bin desthilatdarîya dewletên curbicur da bimêne. Her çiqas zemanê berê li herêma Xerzan nufûsa ermenîyan jî hebûye, bes îro tenê şênîyên ku bi erebî, kurmancîya jor û kirmanckî/zazakî/dimbilkî dipeyivin li vir dijîn. Zemanê ku ermenî li vir hebûn, dînî Îsewîyan jî hebûye; lêbelê îro tenê muntesîbên dînê Îslamê ku li ser mezhebê Sunnî-Şafîî ne li vir dijîn. Di vê xebatê da taybetmendîyên devoka Xerzan û dîyaleketa kurmancîya jêrîn û devokên din ên kurmancî yên mîna devoka Torê, Mêrdîn, Dîyarbekir û Serhedê digel hev hatine berawirdkirin. Li ser bingehê hewl hatîye dayîn ku tesbîta karakterên hevbeş ên devoka Xerzan û dîyalektên din, digel ên kurmancîya jêrîn bihê kirin.
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