Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2015
Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growt... more Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growth of population and haphazard urbanization in India. The urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to grow to 540 million by the year 2021. In terms of percentage of total population, the urban population has gone up from 17% in 1951 to 29% in 2001 and is expected to increase up to around 37% by the year 2021. About 55 million vehicles were playing on Indian roads in 2001. The annual growth rate of motor vehicle population in India has been about 10% during the decade (1991-2001), It is seen that two wheelers are growing faster than cars. The basic problem is not the number of vehicles in the country but their concentration in a few selected cities, particularly in metropolitan cities. It is alarming to note that 32 percent of all vehicles are plying in metropolitan cities alone; these cities constitute about 11 ...
Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2015
The existence of district level government was constitutionally recognized at regional level with... more The existence of district level government was constitutionally recognized at regional level with legislative, executive and judicial power so as to make law centered on in its particular jurisdiction, enforce and adjudicate local cases with first instance court level respectively. They are also empowered to rendered important social services such as education, health, road and water etc for their electorate. Practically speaking, however, the kind of law they make need strict observance of the law of the upper levels of government and the quality and quantity of services they render are largely determined by the available funds they received from the above. Since they have limited resource availability, they could not provide and meet the intended objectives of decentralization in Ethiopia. Regardless of this fact, district level of government have entrusted health care service delivery related powers and responsibilities for instance, Undertake Building of HCs and health posts, he...
Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growt... more Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growth of population in India. Undoubtedly on one hand transport sector plays a significant role in the overall development of a nation's economy, but on the other this sector accounts for a substantial and growing proportion of air pollution also. The urban expansion, industrialization, lack of services, energy and transport demands are leading to a vicious cycle of pollution. According to the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the main sources of emission are energy (26%), transport (18%), industry (19%) and buildings (10%) are the main sources of emissions. The road traffic accounts for about 80% of the passenger traffic and 60% of the goods. For vehicular motors emits various pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitric-oxide, carbon dioxide and several organic compounds which are responsible for the deterioration of the environment. In developing countries like India e...
International Journal in Management and Social Science, 2015
In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certi... more In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certification has been perceived as an important means for reducing border disputes. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of rural land registration and certification program in reducing border disputes in Menz Gera Midir District, in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts of the court and focus group discussions. About five hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of four hundred twenty households were participated in the focus group discussions. About fifty individuals were interviewed. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study confirm t...
Land registration and certification has been perceived as a precondition for secure property righ... more Land registration and certification has been perceived as a precondition for secure property rights and agricultural development. The objective of this study was to examine the role of rural land registration and certification program in ensuring tenure security in Menz Gera Midir District, in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts of the field and focus group discussions. About four hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of one hundred thirty two households were participated in the focus group discussions. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study show that in Menz Gera Midir District rural land registration and certification program ensured ten...
In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certi... more In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certification has been perceived as an important means for reducing inheritance disputes. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of rural land registration and certification program in reducing inheritance disputes in Menz Gera Midir District in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, case studies, interview of farmers and experts of the court and focus group discussions. About three hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of three hundred eight households were participated in the focus group discussions. About thirty five individuals were interviewed. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions, case studies and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of question...
Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth and migration from the country side are ... more Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth and migration from the country side are resulted in Solid Waste generation, which is commonly considered as an Urban Issue. It is highly related with Economic growth, degree of industrialization and consumption pattern and lavish lifestyle of city dwellers. Solid Waste generation and management is a burning issue all over the world and the planners and policy formulators are finding it extremely difficult to handle this problem mainly because of slapdash and unchecked urbanization. Solid Waste contributes 3% of total Green House Gases Emission Globally, which are culprit for Global Warming and Climate Change. Huge amount of Solid Waste generation and their improper management worsen the air quality in the urban areas which results in health problems. When the urbanization expands, the amount of municipal solid waste increases rapidly even faster than the rate of urbanization, one of the most important byproducts of an urban lifestyle, is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization. Ten years ago there were 2.9 billion urban residents who generated about 0.64 kg of Municipal solid wastes per person per day (0.68 billion tons per year). Hence, today these amounts have increased to about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tons per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tons per year). The main aim of this paper is to quantify the present generation of Solid Waste and project the generation in future by projecting population growth in Metro Cities and find out the causative factors for the same. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive review of the present infrastructure available, the future requirements to manage Municipal solid wastes and the Organizations and agencies involved in it. The main aim of this paper is to quantify the present generation of Solid Waste and project the generation in future by projecting population growth in Metro Cities and find out the causative factors for the same.
This paper is aimed to see the extent of match/mismatch of theory and practice in countries Canad... more This paper is aimed to see the extent of match/mismatch of theory and practice in countries Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Germany and Ethiopia. There is a big discrepancy between what the theory suggest and what the practice shows the ground realities in the selected countries. None of these countries fully meet the principle forwarded by either theory. However, as compared to others, the practice of tax assignment in Canada, Switzerland and Ethiopia by far are close to the theory in terms of regional tax autonomy and determining specific tax rate and administration. On the contrary, Germany has a more centralized and uniform tax system where the power of Lander governments merely assigned to collect their own and the federal tax.
Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
Decentralization is assumed to be an important tool for a quality health care service delivery. T... more Decentralization is assumed to be an important tool for a quality health care service delivery. The objective of the study was to assess the impacts of decentralization on the health care service delivery Gozamin District, Amhara State, Ethiopia. Primary data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussions. Whereas secondary data were collected from annual official health sector reports and documents. The analysis part was supported by legal and official documents. The findings of the study revealed that the health care service accessibility and coverage of the District in terms of expansion of health care institutions has shown an improvement, and it reaches 100 percent. However, shortage of health personnel (midwifery, lab technician and pharmacy technician), shortage of finance for duty service and perdiem payment, and drugs shortage are the challenges of the District health care delivery system that affects the quality of the services. The costs of health care treatment is high as compared to the ability of most beneficiaries incomes, the free service scheme-which is very impressive were abused by kebele officials are the challenges of Gozamin District health care service delivery system.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2015
Countries like Ethiopia emphasis that certification process guarantees land use and transfer righ... more Countries like Ethiopia emphasis that certification process guarantees land use and transfer rights ensures tenure security, and is a vital incentive for farmers to invest in their land and improve production. The program is assumed to addresses the issue of tenure insecurity which is a chronic problem in most developing countries. Moreover, land titling has a good effect in reducing of both border and inheritance disputes. However, there are debating issues on the effect of land titling in tenure security, land management and land disputes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether land titling has resulted in insuring tenure security, assuring land management, and reducing land related disputes or not. Though land titling is not a sufficient factor for sustainable land management, it is a necessary condition so that it enables farmers to have confidence on their tenures which is a preliminary condition to start land management activities. In addition to this, land titling is vital for minimizing of land disputes.
Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are con... more Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are considered as the natives, have been oppressed for many centuries. Their land was taken by the settlers and their economy become too sluggish and subsistence; they were marginalized in the social, economic, cultural and political arenas. This paper is aimed to assess the root causes of conflict between the aboriginals and settlers and to identify measures taken by the government to address the problems. We used intensive secondary data through reviewing different books and international journals. Lose of land ownership, deterioration of health and economic development, worst assimilation of Aboriginal People to the main stream culture, Political marginalization such under representation of them under government office, Economic exploitation of Aboriginal People are some of the real causes of conflict between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal People. Besides, they are not also allowed to run their own business activities, exercise their cultural ways of life, improve and develop their culture and traditions. Federalism, multiculturalism, empowering Supreme Court and the constitution act of 1982 were of the institutional arrangement recognized typically to deal with the existing real conflict and to accommodate diversity. Some of possible measures taken by the government are-the recognition of the right to land title; the right to self-government on their internal matters, to develop their culture, language and identities. It also allowed developing laws like laws on customary marriage for their people though subject to the approval of the minister responsible for their affairs have also been recognized to exercise.
This study examines the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use and Land Cover ... more This study examines the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use and Land Cover change in Kilite Awulalo Woreda, Eastern Tigray Zone from 1972 to 2014. For this study, LANDSAT images of 1972 (Landsat-1 MSS); 1984 (Landsat-5 TM); 2000 (Landsat-7 ETM+) and 2014 (Landsat-8 OLI_TIRS) were used and analyzed using Arc GIS 10.1 and Erdas Imagine 13. Supervised classification scheme was used to classify the images. Under land use and land cover categories Agriculture land, Settlement land, Grazing land, Forest land, Bush land, Water bodies and Bare/stony land were studied. The result shows that Bush land was decreased from 1972 to 2014 which is 1972 (58007.88 hectare), 1984 (47900.79 hectare), 2000 (45000.1 hectare) and 2014 (40573.53 hectare) and forested land was decreased from the year 1984 (21706.65 hectare) to 2014 (11916.6 hectare). Agriculture and settlement area was increased from the year 1972 to 2014. Agriculture was increasing 13138.92, 20856.78, and 23000.09 to ...
Land registration and certification has been alleged as a prerequisite for securing property righ... more Land registration and certification has been alleged as a prerequisite for securing property rights which is vital for sustainable land management and agricultural development. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of land registration and certification program in assuring sustainable land management in Gishe Rabel District, in Amhara State of Ethiopia. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts in the field and focus group discussions. About five hundred and forty households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of one hundred and sixty eight households participated in the focus group discussions. The number of participants for interview was sixty. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas the data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with the responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study show that in Gishe Rabel District rural land registration and certification program assured sustainable land management.
Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2015
Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growt... more Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growth of population and haphazard urbanization in India. The urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to grow to 540 million by the year 2021. In terms of percentage of total population, the urban population has gone up from 17% in 1951 to 29% in 2001 and is expected to increase up to around 37% by the year 2021. About 55 million vehicles were playing on Indian roads in 2001. The annual growth rate of motor vehicle population in India has been about 10% during the decade (1991-2001), It is seen that two wheelers are growing faster than cars. The basic problem is not the number of vehicles in the country but their concentration in a few selected cities, particularly in metropolitan cities. It is alarming to note that 32 percent of all vehicles are plying in metropolitan cities alone; these cities constitute about 11 ...
Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2015
The existence of district level government was constitutionally recognized at regional level with... more The existence of district level government was constitutionally recognized at regional level with legislative, executive and judicial power so as to make law centered on in its particular jurisdiction, enforce and adjudicate local cases with first instance court level respectively. They are also empowered to rendered important social services such as education, health, road and water etc for their electorate. Practically speaking, however, the kind of law they make need strict observance of the law of the upper levels of government and the quality and quantity of services they render are largely determined by the available funds they received from the above. Since they have limited resource availability, they could not provide and meet the intended objectives of decentralization in Ethiopia. Regardless of this fact, district level of government have entrusted health care service delivery related powers and responsibilities for instance, Undertake Building of HCs and health posts, he...
Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growt... more Increasing Vehicular population and deteriorating quality of air is the by-product of rapid growth of population in India. Undoubtedly on one hand transport sector plays a significant role in the overall development of a nation's economy, but on the other this sector accounts for a substantial and growing proportion of air pollution also. The urban expansion, industrialization, lack of services, energy and transport demands are leading to a vicious cycle of pollution. According to the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the main sources of emission are energy (26%), transport (18%), industry (19%) and buildings (10%) are the main sources of emissions. The road traffic accounts for about 80% of the passenger traffic and 60% of the goods. For vehicular motors emits various pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitric-oxide, carbon dioxide and several organic compounds which are responsible for the deterioration of the environment. In developing countries like India e...
International Journal in Management and Social Science, 2015
In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certi... more In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certification has been perceived as an important means for reducing border disputes. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of rural land registration and certification program in reducing border disputes in Menz Gera Midir District, in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts of the court and focus group discussions. About five hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of four hundred twenty households were participated in the focus group discussions. About fifty individuals were interviewed. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study confirm t...
Land registration and certification has been perceived as a precondition for secure property righ... more Land registration and certification has been perceived as a precondition for secure property rights and agricultural development. The objective of this study was to examine the role of rural land registration and certification program in ensuring tenure security in Menz Gera Midir District, in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts of the field and focus group discussions. About four hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of one hundred thirty two households were participated in the focus group discussions. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study show that in Menz Gera Midir District rural land registration and certification program ensured ten...
In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certi... more In addition to securing property rights and agricultural development, land registration and certification has been perceived as an important means for reducing inheritance disputes. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of rural land registration and certification program in reducing inheritance disputes in Menz Gera Midir District in Amhara State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, case studies, interview of farmers and experts of the court and focus group discussions. About three hundred households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of three hundred eight households were participated in the focus group discussions. About thirty five individuals were interviewed. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas data collected through focus group discussions, case studies and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with responses of question...
Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth and migration from the country side are ... more Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth and migration from the country side are resulted in Solid Waste generation, which is commonly considered as an Urban Issue. It is highly related with Economic growth, degree of industrialization and consumption pattern and lavish lifestyle of city dwellers. Solid Waste generation and management is a burning issue all over the world and the planners and policy formulators are finding it extremely difficult to handle this problem mainly because of slapdash and unchecked urbanization. Solid Waste contributes 3% of total Green House Gases Emission Globally, which are culprit for Global Warming and Climate Change. Huge amount of Solid Waste generation and their improper management worsen the air quality in the urban areas which results in health problems. When the urbanization expands, the amount of municipal solid waste increases rapidly even faster than the rate of urbanization, one of the most important byproducts of an urban lifestyle, is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization. Ten years ago there were 2.9 billion urban residents who generated about 0.64 kg of Municipal solid wastes per person per day (0.68 billion tons per year). Hence, today these amounts have increased to about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tons per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tons per year). The main aim of this paper is to quantify the present generation of Solid Waste and project the generation in future by projecting population growth in Metro Cities and find out the causative factors for the same. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive review of the present infrastructure available, the future requirements to manage Municipal solid wastes and the Organizations and agencies involved in it. The main aim of this paper is to quantify the present generation of Solid Waste and project the generation in future by projecting population growth in Metro Cities and find out the causative factors for the same.
This paper is aimed to see the extent of match/mismatch of theory and practice in countries Canad... more This paper is aimed to see the extent of match/mismatch of theory and practice in countries Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Germany and Ethiopia. There is a big discrepancy between what the theory suggest and what the practice shows the ground realities in the selected countries. None of these countries fully meet the principle forwarded by either theory. However, as compared to others, the practice of tax assignment in Canada, Switzerland and Ethiopia by far are close to the theory in terms of regional tax autonomy and determining specific tax rate and administration. On the contrary, Germany has a more centralized and uniform tax system where the power of Lander governments merely assigned to collect their own and the federal tax.
Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
Decentralization is assumed to be an important tool for a quality health care service delivery. T... more Decentralization is assumed to be an important tool for a quality health care service delivery. The objective of the study was to assess the impacts of decentralization on the health care service delivery Gozamin District, Amhara State, Ethiopia. Primary data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussions. Whereas secondary data were collected from annual official health sector reports and documents. The analysis part was supported by legal and official documents. The findings of the study revealed that the health care service accessibility and coverage of the District in terms of expansion of health care institutions has shown an improvement, and it reaches 100 percent. However, shortage of health personnel (midwifery, lab technician and pharmacy technician), shortage of finance for duty service and perdiem payment, and drugs shortage are the challenges of the District health care delivery system that affects the quality of the services. The costs of health care treatment is high as compared to the ability of most beneficiaries incomes, the free service scheme-which is very impressive were abused by kebele officials are the challenges of Gozamin District health care service delivery system.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2015
Countries like Ethiopia emphasis that certification process guarantees land use and transfer righ... more Countries like Ethiopia emphasis that certification process guarantees land use and transfer rights ensures tenure security, and is a vital incentive for farmers to invest in their land and improve production. The program is assumed to addresses the issue of tenure insecurity which is a chronic problem in most developing countries. Moreover, land titling has a good effect in reducing of both border and inheritance disputes. However, there are debating issues on the effect of land titling in tenure security, land management and land disputes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether land titling has resulted in insuring tenure security, assuring land management, and reducing land related disputes or not. Though land titling is not a sufficient factor for sustainable land management, it is a necessary condition so that it enables farmers to have confidence on their tenures which is a preliminary condition to start land management activities. In addition to this, land titling is vital for minimizing of land disputes.
Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are con... more Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are considered as the natives, have been oppressed for many centuries. Their land was taken by the settlers and their economy become too sluggish and subsistence; they were marginalized in the social, economic, cultural and political arenas. This paper is aimed to assess the root causes of conflict between the aboriginals and settlers and to identify measures taken by the government to address the problems. We used intensive secondary data through reviewing different books and international journals. Lose of land ownership, deterioration of health and economic development, worst assimilation of Aboriginal People to the main stream culture, Political marginalization such under representation of them under government office, Economic exploitation of Aboriginal People are some of the real causes of conflict between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal People. Besides, they are not also allowed to run their own business activities, exercise their cultural ways of life, improve and develop their culture and traditions. Federalism, multiculturalism, empowering Supreme Court and the constitution act of 1982 were of the institutional arrangement recognized typically to deal with the existing real conflict and to accommodate diversity. Some of possible measures taken by the government are-the recognition of the right to land title; the right to self-government on their internal matters, to develop their culture, language and identities. It also allowed developing laws like laws on customary marriage for their people though subject to the approval of the minister responsible for their affairs have also been recognized to exercise.
This study examines the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use and Land Cover ... more This study examines the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use and Land Cover change in Kilite Awulalo Woreda, Eastern Tigray Zone from 1972 to 2014. For this study, LANDSAT images of 1972 (Landsat-1 MSS); 1984 (Landsat-5 TM); 2000 (Landsat-7 ETM+) and 2014 (Landsat-8 OLI_TIRS) were used and analyzed using Arc GIS 10.1 and Erdas Imagine 13. Supervised classification scheme was used to classify the images. Under land use and land cover categories Agriculture land, Settlement land, Grazing land, Forest land, Bush land, Water bodies and Bare/stony land were studied. The result shows that Bush land was decreased from 1972 to 2014 which is 1972 (58007.88 hectare), 1984 (47900.79 hectare), 2000 (45000.1 hectare) and 2014 (40573.53 hectare) and forested land was decreased from the year 1984 (21706.65 hectare) to 2014 (11916.6 hectare). Agriculture and settlement area was increased from the year 1972 to 2014. Agriculture was increasing 13138.92, 20856.78, and 23000.09 to ...
Land registration and certification has been alleged as a prerequisite for securing property righ... more Land registration and certification has been alleged as a prerequisite for securing property rights which is vital for sustainable land management and agricultural development. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of land registration and certification program in assuring sustainable land management in Gishe Rabel District, in Amhara State of Ethiopia. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, interview of farmers and experts in the field and focus group discussions. About five hundred and forty households were taken as sample population for the questionnaire. A total of one hundred and sixty eight households participated in the focus group discussions. The number of participants for interview was sixty. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively; whereas the data collected through focus group discussions and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with the responses of questionnaires. The findings of this study show that in Gishe Rabel District rural land registration and certification program assured sustainable land management.
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