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Athul Prasad

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Papers by Athul Prasad

5G Radio Access Networks: Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions

IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 2019

The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3 rd Generation Project Partnership (3GP... more The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3 rd Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) Rel'15 has been completed in December 2018. An open issue with this release of standards is that it only supports unicast communications in the core network and Point-To-Point (PTP) transmissions in the Radio Access Network (RAN), and does not support multicast/broadcast communications and Point-To-Multipoint (PTM) transmissions, which are 3GPP system requirements for 5G applications in a number of vertical sectors, such as Automotive, Airborne Communications, Internet-of-Things, Media & Entertainment, and Public Warning & Safety systems. In this article, we present novel mechanisms for enhancing the 5G unicast architecture with minimal footprint, to enable efficient PTM transmissions in the RAN, and to support multicast communications in the Rel'15 core as an in-built delivery optimization feature of the system. This approach will enable completely new levels of network management and delivery cost-efficiency

Optimizing Over-The-Air Virtual Reality Broadcast Transmissions with Low-Latency Feedback

2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF), 2018

Virtual reality is one of the most challenging use cases in 5G due to the need for simultaneous s... more Virtual reality is one of the most challenging use cases in 5G due to the need for simultaneous support for high data rates, low-latency and high-reliability. In this work, we consider a radio resource efficient mechanism for the mass delivery of such content to a multitude of users with D2D augmented 5G broadcast. Based on detailed performance evaluations conducted using 5G system setting, it is shown that the optimized mechanism can provide significant gains in terms of cell-edge user throughput and resultant spectral requirements for broadcast. The performance gains are obtained due to the ability of the system to optimize the operating point, instead of targeting the worst user which has been the traditional approach for broadcast. The proposed mechanism could be an enabler for mitigating the key challenges currently foreseen for the broadcast of such immersive content.

5G micro-operator networks — A key enabler for new verticals and markets

2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR), 2017

The demand for wireless information exchange in the form of data and multimedia content has been ... more The demand for wireless information exchange in the form of data and multimedia content has been growing exponentially over the past few years, and the trends are expected to persist for the future. Due to the continued growth in demand and support required for new use cases and features, currently the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks are being developed. We build on top of the concept of micro-operators and discuss the use of cloud-based deployments to enable connectivity and service provisioning in the new paradigms. The use of such networks for supporting new application and services from verticals, related challenges and impacts on network security and the regulatory support from new spectrum regimes are also discussed. Performance issues and optimization approaches are outlined to enable a fast and efficient deployment of 5G networks which are suitable for new verticals and markets, providing tailored services and applications.

Enhancements for Enabling Point-to-Multipoint Communication Using Unlicensed Spectrum

2018 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2018

Exponential increase in data rate demand has lead to the periodic upgrade of mobile network infra... more Exponential increase in data rate demand has lead to the periodic upgrade of mobile network infrastructure, with a new generation of wireless access technology being developed every decade. Currently, the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks-supporting higher data rates and reliability, with lower latency are being developed and planned to be deployed. Pointto-Multipoint or multicast / broadcast communication, which has received limited attention so far in 5G, enables the delivery of common content to a multitude of users, while consuming minimal amount of radio resources. In this work, we consider the usage of unlicensed spectrum for enabling such transmissions using enhancements of the currently specified LTE-Advanced eMBMS network. The proposed enhancements are fully compatible with distributed radio access network deployments, and require limited coordination between base stations. Using realistic 5G network assumptions, we also evaluate performance of such enhancements in delivering media content to a large number of users.

Energy Efficient Coordinated Self-Backhauling for Ultra-Dense 5G Networks

2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2017

Two radio air interfaces, Evolved-LTE and New Radio, coexist in new 5G systems. New Radio operate... more Two radio air interfaces, Evolved-LTE and New Radio, coexist in new 5G systems. New Radio operates in the millimeter band and provides a better bandwidth, but the higher frequencies also imply worse radio conditions. Multi-connectivity, a feature of 5G that allows users to connect to more than one base station simultaneously, can offer the advantages of both interfaces. In this paper, we investigate how multi-connectivity can improve user reliability and the system's energy efficiency. Five algorithms for secondary cell association are presented and evaluated. We show a decrease in the radio link failure rate of up to 50% at high speeds and improvements of the energy efficiency of up to 20% at low speeds.

Enabling RAN Moderation and Dynamic Traffic Steering in 5G

2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016

The exponential increase in capacity and data rate demands, along with the diversification of use... more The exponential increase in capacity and data rate demands, along with the diversification of use cases and verticals that are planning to use cellular radio access networks (RANs) to provide connectivity, has prompted the development of the fifth generation (5G) of radio access technology. Traffic steering, which aims at optimum mapping of the data flows to the appropriate RAN access points (APs), is considered to be one of the key enablers for supporting diverse set of requirements ranging from 1000 times higher capacity than 2010 figures to 99.999 % reliability. Furthermore, to constrain power consumption due to the ultra-densification of the network in 5G, enhanced mechanisms are required that can exploit multiconnectivity. In this paper, we build upon the envisioned connectivity provided through multiple radio links and provide schemes to enable dynamic traffic steering and energy-efficient RAN moderation in 5G. First, we present the various protocol options for tight integration of long-term evolution (LTE) and 5G networks. We then investigate how faster traffic steering over the multiple radio links can be enabled, which can both reduce the packet delivery time by increasing the capacity and reliability, and also reduce the power consumption of the network through efficient operation. Detailed performance evaluations done on the various presented mechanisms indicate the technology potential of the proposed enhancements.

D4.3 Final Report on Network-Level Solutions

Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions to the networ... more Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions to the network-level challenges of future wireless communication networks. Thereby, a large variety of scenarios is considered and a set of technical concepts is proposed to serve the needs envisioned for the 2020 and beyond. This document provides the final findings on several network-level aspects and groups of solutions that are considered essential for designing future 5G solutions. Specifically, it elaborates on:  Interference management and resource allocation schemes  Mobility management and robustness enhancements  Context aware approaches  D2D and V2X mechanisms  Technology components focused on clustering  Dynamic reconfiguration enablers These novel network-level technology concepts are evaluated against requirements defined by METIS for future 5G systems. Moreover, functional enablers which can support the solutions mentioned above are proposed. We find that the network level solutions and technology components developed during the course of METIS complement the lower layer technology components and thereby effectively contribute to meeting 5G requirements and targets.

Traffic Steering and Resource Management

The Road to 5G V2X: Ultra-High Reliable Communications

2018 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2018

For the success of real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications it is paramount that 5G... more For the success of real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications it is paramount that 5G mobile networks be resilient, highly reliable, and secure in the delivery and reception of information to and from the vehicle. There are several concerted efforts underway in 3GPP and oneM2M to enhance the end-to-end transmission and forwarding of data packets through the 5G System for assuring a successful deployment and provisioning of IoT/M2M real-time vertical services. This paper provides an analysis of the 3GPP work in this area and its timescales, with focus on V2X. In addition, standards activities in oneM2M to enable interworking V2X services between 3GPP and IoT/M2M service layer are introduced providing a comprehensive overview.

Mobile edge computing with network resource slicing for Internet-of-Things

2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2018

Network slicing is an end-to-end concept that encompasses network functions, radio accesses, and ... more Network slicing is an end-to-end concept that encompasses network functions, radio accesses, and clouds for enabling customized information-centric Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. The key idea is to virtualize all the resources from radio accesses to IoT service layers, so that IoT service providers can automate resource provisioning and management for users. This paper introduces the recent standards effort on network slicing for IoT in various standards bodies such as 3 GPP, NGMN, IETF, ET SI and oneM2M. In particular, standards activities on ET SI Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), NGMN and 3GPP Network Slicing and Virtualization, IETF slicing on transport networks and oneM2M IoT service layer resource slicing are introduced. Finally, this paper proposes a novel Edge Computing architecture customizing required network resources at the edge cloud, as close to users as possible, to minimize network signaling overhead in providing optimal IoT services.

Agile Radio Resource Management Techniques for 5G New Radio

IEEE Communications Magazine, 2017

Recent Trends in Standards Related to the Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine Communications

Journal of information and communication convergence engineering, 2014

One of major purposes of these standard technologies is to ensure interoperability between entiti... more One of major purposes of these standard technologies is to ensure interoperability between entities from different vendors and enable interworking between various technologies. As interoperability and interworking are essential for machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) for them to achieve their ultimate goal, i.e., things to be connected each other, multiple standards organizations are now working on development M2M/IoT related specifications. This paper reviews the current activities of some of the most relevant standardization bodies in the area of M2M and IoT: third-generation partnership project (3GPP) core and radio network aspects, broadband forum, and oneM2M. The major features and issues being focused upon in these standards bodies are summarized. Finally, some key common trends among the different bodies are identified: a common service layer platform, new technologies mitigating an explosive growth of network traffic, and considerations and efforts related to the development of device management technologies.

Optimizations in Machine Type Communications for Sensor Data Networking

IET Wireless Sensor Systems, 2016

Currently, many sensor data networks are managed using machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine type c... more Currently, many sensor data networks are managed using machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine type communications (MTCs) technologies. One of the key factors for the success of sensor data networks is in developments of international M2M/MTC standards. As third generation partnership project (3GPP) and oneM2M are actively working on standardising M2M/MTC specifications for 3GPP core networks and M2M common service layer, this study reviews the ongoing activities in 3GPP and oneM2M standardisation bodies, in the area of machine type or M2M communications, focusing on enhancing device, service platform, and mobile network technologies that can be useful in achieving cost efficiencies in sensor data networks.

Enhanced 3GPP system for Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things

2015 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2015

ABSTRACT

Network assisted small cell discovery in multi-layer and mmWave networks

2015 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2015

With the exponentially increasing capacity demands anticipated in next generation wireless networ... more With the exponentially increasing capacity demands anticipated in next generation wireless networks, densifying the network using cmW and mmW small cells supporting high bandwidths is seen to be the trend in 5G networks. Such ultra-dense deployment of cells would also lead to a higher amount of power consumption, from the UE and network perspective, due to the increased measurement requirements and higher number of nodes, which consume more power. In this paper, we consider a dense heterogeneous small cell network, where mechanisms are proposed to enable UE power consumption optimizations by conducting inter-frequency measurement when the probability of connecting to a mmW cell is high. Network power consumption is optimized by activating the mmW layer only when there are UEs in the proximity. Based on the performance evaluations done on the proposed mechanism, significant power savings both from UE and network perspective are observed.

Enabling group communication for public safety in LTE-Advanced networks

Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2016

In this paper, we investigate public safety communications based on LTE-Advanced mobile networks.... more In this paper, we investigate public safety communications based on LTE-Advanced mobile networks. This work has a twofold aim, (i) to secure optimal radio resource efficiency using a mix of synchronous and asynchronous multicast traffic, and (ii) to provide public safety services with minimal interruptions due to mobility in a heterogeneous network environment.To this end, we propose and evaluate three different options for multicast resource allocation: a synchronous scheme, where all multicast cells operate with the same modulation scheme as a single frequency network; an asynchronous scheme, where base stations can decide in a distributed fashion on the multicast configuration; and a coordinated scheme where a central network management entity selects the multicast configuration in a network.For the performance evaluation, different network deployment alternatives and the impact on delay critical group communications using unicast and multicast bearers are analyzed. Different user distributions and mobility scenarios were also considered. We evaluate these schemes using system level simulations with 3GPP LTE-Advanced settings, analyzing the performance in terms of - resource efficiency, energy savings in macro-cellular networks, and optimization of signaling load in heterogeneous networks. From the numerical results, we observe significant gains in terms of resource efficiency as well as power consumption reductions for the multicast scheme over unicast, with minimal impacts due to mobility. The results also indicate that the scheme is flexible enough to handle different types of user distributions and mobility conditions, without compromising the resource utilization efficiency.

Efficient mobility and traffic management for delay tolerant cloud data in 5G networks

2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2015

The explosive growth of the demand for higher data rates in mobile networks have been mainly driv... more The explosive growth of the demand for higher data rates in mobile networks have been mainly driven by the increasing use of cloud based applications by smartphones. This has led the industry to investigate new radio access technologies to be deployed as part of 5G networks, while providing mechanisms to manage user mobility and traffic in a more efficient manner. In this paper, we consider a mobility and traffic management mechanism that proposes a close interaction between the cloud data servers and the radio access network to enable efficient network operation. Such a management mechanism is enabled by utilizing the application-dependent delay tolerance properties of the cloud data, with the delay values conveyed to the radio access network and UE to manage the service requests for the cloud data. The mechanism was evaluated using LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network scenario and 5G dense-urban information society scenario from EU FP7 METIS project, and relative gains in terms of packet delays and throughput values are presented. The results indicate significant gains using the proposed management mechanism as compared to the reference case where no such enhancements are used. Virtual Machine-1 Virtual Machine-2 Virtual Machine-N Macro Small Cell Macro Small Cell Core Network Cloud Data Server (Cloud-based) Virtual Base Station Pool ...

Recent advancements in M2M communications in 4G networks and evolution towards 5G

2015 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks, 2015

Energy efficient device discovery for social cloud applications in 3GPP LTE-advanced networks

2014 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2014

ABSTRACT Recent advances in 3GPP for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying the cellula... more ABSTRACT Recent advances in 3GPP for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying the cellular infrastructure have revealed several benefits regarding network resource management and increased coverage. Notwithstanding these advantages, peer discovery may significant amount of device battery if devices need to constantly sense and notify each other irrespective of the application subscriptions, and the potential of establishing D2D communications. In this paper, we consider a novel social application-based discovery mechanism that enables D2D UEs to achieve significant energy consumption savings, using the concept of social cloud region. Such a cloud-based region helps UE to activate D2D discovery features only when they are close enough to other, while having same application-based interests. The engagement of cloud applications provides the means of offloading the discovery process from not only UEs but also the LTE core network. In this paper we analyze the energy consumption profiles of various discovery mechanisms using simulations. Our simulation results validate that our proposed discovery mechanism results in significant energy savings by reducing the frequency of performing discovery procedures.

Mobility state based flexible inter-frequency small cell discovery for heterogeneous networks

2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013

ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the use of an energy efficient, mobility state based flexible ... more ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the use of an energy efficient, mobility state based flexible scanning mechanism for the discovery of small cells deployed in a different carrier. The evaluated scheme considers the mobility state of the mobile terminal in a heterogeneous network scenario for determining the inter-frequency scanning rate and suspends inter-frequency measurements when the terminal is in high mobility state. The scheme is evaluated using mobility state estimation mechanisms and related enhancements, and is compared with inter-frequency cell search mechanism, currently defined for 3GPP LTE-Advanced systems. The evaluated mechanism can work autonomously within a mobile terminal or it could be implemented in a networkassisted manner. Utilization of available offloading opportunities as well as savings in terminal battery power consumption are numerically evaluated using an LTE-Advanced system setting. Results show that significant amounts of energy can be saved, while maximizing offloading potential and minimizing ping-pong connections and related signaling load.

5G Radio Access Networks: Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions

IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 2019

The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3 rd Generation Project Partnership (3GP... more The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3 rd Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) Rel'15 has been completed in December 2018. An open issue with this release of standards is that it only supports unicast communications in the core network and Point-To-Point (PTP) transmissions in the Radio Access Network (RAN), and does not support multicast/broadcast communications and Point-To-Multipoint (PTM) transmissions, which are 3GPP system requirements for 5G applications in a number of vertical sectors, such as Automotive, Airborne Communications, Internet-of-Things, Media & Entertainment, and Public Warning & Safety systems. In this article, we present novel mechanisms for enhancing the 5G unicast architecture with minimal footprint, to enable efficient PTM transmissions in the RAN, and to support multicast communications in the Rel'15 core as an in-built delivery optimization feature of the system. This approach will enable completely new levels of network management and delivery cost-efficiency

Optimizing Over-The-Air Virtual Reality Broadcast Transmissions with Low-Latency Feedback

2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF), 2018

Virtual reality is one of the most challenging use cases in 5G due to the need for simultaneous s... more Virtual reality is one of the most challenging use cases in 5G due to the need for simultaneous support for high data rates, low-latency and high-reliability. In this work, we consider a radio resource efficient mechanism for the mass delivery of such content to a multitude of users with D2D augmented 5G broadcast. Based on detailed performance evaluations conducted using 5G system setting, it is shown that the optimized mechanism can provide significant gains in terms of cell-edge user throughput and resultant spectral requirements for broadcast. The performance gains are obtained due to the ability of the system to optimize the operating point, instead of targeting the worst user which has been the traditional approach for broadcast. The proposed mechanism could be an enabler for mitigating the key challenges currently foreseen for the broadcast of such immersive content.

5G micro-operator networks — A key enabler for new verticals and markets

2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR), 2017

The demand for wireless information exchange in the form of data and multimedia content has been ... more The demand for wireless information exchange in the form of data and multimedia content has been growing exponentially over the past few years, and the trends are expected to persist for the future. Due to the continued growth in demand and support required for new use cases and features, currently the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks are being developed. We build on top of the concept of micro-operators and discuss the use of cloud-based deployments to enable connectivity and service provisioning in the new paradigms. The use of such networks for supporting new application and services from verticals, related challenges and impacts on network security and the regulatory support from new spectrum regimes are also discussed. Performance issues and optimization approaches are outlined to enable a fast and efficient deployment of 5G networks which are suitable for new verticals and markets, providing tailored services and applications.

Enhancements for Enabling Point-to-Multipoint Communication Using Unlicensed Spectrum

2018 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2018

Exponential increase in data rate demand has lead to the periodic upgrade of mobile network infra... more Exponential increase in data rate demand has lead to the periodic upgrade of mobile network infrastructure, with a new generation of wireless access technology being developed every decade. Currently, the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks-supporting higher data rates and reliability, with lower latency are being developed and planned to be deployed. Pointto-Multipoint or multicast / broadcast communication, which has received limited attention so far in 5G, enables the delivery of common content to a multitude of users, while consuming minimal amount of radio resources. In this work, we consider the usage of unlicensed spectrum for enabling such transmissions using enhancements of the currently specified LTE-Advanced eMBMS network. The proposed enhancements are fully compatible with distributed radio access network deployments, and require limited coordination between base stations. Using realistic 5G network assumptions, we also evaluate performance of such enhancements in delivering media content to a large number of users.

Energy Efficient Coordinated Self-Backhauling for Ultra-Dense 5G Networks

2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2017

Two radio air interfaces, Evolved-LTE and New Radio, coexist in new 5G systems. New Radio operate... more Two radio air interfaces, Evolved-LTE and New Radio, coexist in new 5G systems. New Radio operates in the millimeter band and provides a better bandwidth, but the higher frequencies also imply worse radio conditions. Multi-connectivity, a feature of 5G that allows users to connect to more than one base station simultaneously, can offer the advantages of both interfaces. In this paper, we investigate how multi-connectivity can improve user reliability and the system's energy efficiency. Five algorithms for secondary cell association are presented and evaluated. We show a decrease in the radio link failure rate of up to 50% at high speeds and improvements of the energy efficiency of up to 20% at low speeds.

Enabling RAN Moderation and Dynamic Traffic Steering in 5G

2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016

The exponential increase in capacity and data rate demands, along with the diversification of use... more The exponential increase in capacity and data rate demands, along with the diversification of use cases and verticals that are planning to use cellular radio access networks (RANs) to provide connectivity, has prompted the development of the fifth generation (5G) of radio access technology. Traffic steering, which aims at optimum mapping of the data flows to the appropriate RAN access points (APs), is considered to be one of the key enablers for supporting diverse set of requirements ranging from 1000 times higher capacity than 2010 figures to 99.999 % reliability. Furthermore, to constrain power consumption due to the ultra-densification of the network in 5G, enhanced mechanisms are required that can exploit multiconnectivity. In this paper, we build upon the envisioned connectivity provided through multiple radio links and provide schemes to enable dynamic traffic steering and energy-efficient RAN moderation in 5G. First, we present the various protocol options for tight integration of long-term evolution (LTE) and 5G networks. We then investigate how faster traffic steering over the multiple radio links can be enabled, which can both reduce the packet delivery time by increasing the capacity and reliability, and also reduce the power consumption of the network through efficient operation. Detailed performance evaluations done on the various presented mechanisms indicate the technology potential of the proposed enhancements.

D4.3 Final Report on Network-Level Solutions

Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions to the networ... more Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions to the network-level challenges of future wireless communication networks. Thereby, a large variety of scenarios is considered and a set of technical concepts is proposed to serve the needs envisioned for the 2020 and beyond. This document provides the final findings on several network-level aspects and groups of solutions that are considered essential for designing future 5G solutions. Specifically, it elaborates on:  Interference management and resource allocation schemes  Mobility management and robustness enhancements  Context aware approaches  D2D and V2X mechanisms  Technology components focused on clustering  Dynamic reconfiguration enablers These novel network-level technology concepts are evaluated against requirements defined by METIS for future 5G systems. Moreover, functional enablers which can support the solutions mentioned above are proposed. We find that the network level solutions and technology components developed during the course of METIS complement the lower layer technology components and thereby effectively contribute to meeting 5G requirements and targets.

Traffic Steering and Resource Management

The Road to 5G V2X: Ultra-High Reliable Communications

2018 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2018

For the success of real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications it is paramount that 5G... more For the success of real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications it is paramount that 5G mobile networks be resilient, highly reliable, and secure in the delivery and reception of information to and from the vehicle. There are several concerted efforts underway in 3GPP and oneM2M to enhance the end-to-end transmission and forwarding of data packets through the 5G System for assuring a successful deployment and provisioning of IoT/M2M real-time vertical services. This paper provides an analysis of the 3GPP work in this area and its timescales, with focus on V2X. In addition, standards activities in oneM2M to enable interworking V2X services between 3GPP and IoT/M2M service layer are introduced providing a comprehensive overview.

Mobile edge computing with network resource slicing for Internet-of-Things

2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2018

Network slicing is an end-to-end concept that encompasses network functions, radio accesses, and ... more Network slicing is an end-to-end concept that encompasses network functions, radio accesses, and clouds for enabling customized information-centric Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. The key idea is to virtualize all the resources from radio accesses to IoT service layers, so that IoT service providers can automate resource provisioning and management for users. This paper introduces the recent standards effort on network slicing for IoT in various standards bodies such as 3 GPP, NGMN, IETF, ET SI and oneM2M. In particular, standards activities on ET SI Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), NGMN and 3GPP Network Slicing and Virtualization, IETF slicing on transport networks and oneM2M IoT service layer resource slicing are introduced. Finally, this paper proposes a novel Edge Computing architecture customizing required network resources at the edge cloud, as close to users as possible, to minimize network signaling overhead in providing optimal IoT services.

Agile Radio Resource Management Techniques for 5G New Radio

IEEE Communications Magazine, 2017

Recent Trends in Standards Related to the Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine Communications

Journal of information and communication convergence engineering, 2014

One of major purposes of these standard technologies is to ensure interoperability between entiti... more One of major purposes of these standard technologies is to ensure interoperability between entities from different vendors and enable interworking between various technologies. As interoperability and interworking are essential for machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) for them to achieve their ultimate goal, i.e., things to be connected each other, multiple standards organizations are now working on development M2M/IoT related specifications. This paper reviews the current activities of some of the most relevant standardization bodies in the area of M2M and IoT: third-generation partnership project (3GPP) core and radio network aspects, broadband forum, and oneM2M. The major features and issues being focused upon in these standards bodies are summarized. Finally, some key common trends among the different bodies are identified: a common service layer platform, new technologies mitigating an explosive growth of network traffic, and considerations and efforts related to the development of device management technologies.

Optimizations in Machine Type Communications for Sensor Data Networking

IET Wireless Sensor Systems, 2016

Currently, many sensor data networks are managed using machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine type c... more Currently, many sensor data networks are managed using machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine type communications (MTCs) technologies. One of the key factors for the success of sensor data networks is in developments of international M2M/MTC standards. As third generation partnership project (3GPP) and oneM2M are actively working on standardising M2M/MTC specifications for 3GPP core networks and M2M common service layer, this study reviews the ongoing activities in 3GPP and oneM2M standardisation bodies, in the area of machine type or M2M communications, focusing on enhancing device, service platform, and mobile network technologies that can be useful in achieving cost efficiencies in sensor data networks.

Enhanced 3GPP system for Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things

2015 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2015

ABSTRACT

Network assisted small cell discovery in multi-layer and mmWave networks

2015 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2015

With the exponentially increasing capacity demands anticipated in next generation wireless networ... more With the exponentially increasing capacity demands anticipated in next generation wireless networks, densifying the network using cmW and mmW small cells supporting high bandwidths is seen to be the trend in 5G networks. Such ultra-dense deployment of cells would also lead to a higher amount of power consumption, from the UE and network perspective, due to the increased measurement requirements and higher number of nodes, which consume more power. In this paper, we consider a dense heterogeneous small cell network, where mechanisms are proposed to enable UE power consumption optimizations by conducting inter-frequency measurement when the probability of connecting to a mmW cell is high. Network power consumption is optimized by activating the mmW layer only when there are UEs in the proximity. Based on the performance evaluations done on the proposed mechanism, significant power savings both from UE and network perspective are observed.

Enabling group communication for public safety in LTE-Advanced networks

Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2016

In this paper, we investigate public safety communications based on LTE-Advanced mobile networks.... more In this paper, we investigate public safety communications based on LTE-Advanced mobile networks. This work has a twofold aim, (i) to secure optimal radio resource efficiency using a mix of synchronous and asynchronous multicast traffic, and (ii) to provide public safety services with minimal interruptions due to mobility in a heterogeneous network environment.To this end, we propose and evaluate three different options for multicast resource allocation: a synchronous scheme, where all multicast cells operate with the same modulation scheme as a single frequency network; an asynchronous scheme, where base stations can decide in a distributed fashion on the multicast configuration; and a coordinated scheme where a central network management entity selects the multicast configuration in a network.For the performance evaluation, different network deployment alternatives and the impact on delay critical group communications using unicast and multicast bearers are analyzed. Different user distributions and mobility scenarios were also considered. We evaluate these schemes using system level simulations with 3GPP LTE-Advanced settings, analyzing the performance in terms of - resource efficiency, energy savings in macro-cellular networks, and optimization of signaling load in heterogeneous networks. From the numerical results, we observe significant gains in terms of resource efficiency as well as power consumption reductions for the multicast scheme over unicast, with minimal impacts due to mobility. The results also indicate that the scheme is flexible enough to handle different types of user distributions and mobility conditions, without compromising the resource utilization efficiency.

Efficient mobility and traffic management for delay tolerant cloud data in 5G networks

2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2015

The explosive growth of the demand for higher data rates in mobile networks have been mainly driv... more The explosive growth of the demand for higher data rates in mobile networks have been mainly driven by the increasing use of cloud based applications by smartphones. This has led the industry to investigate new radio access technologies to be deployed as part of 5G networks, while providing mechanisms to manage user mobility and traffic in a more efficient manner. In this paper, we consider a mobility and traffic management mechanism that proposes a close interaction between the cloud data servers and the radio access network to enable efficient network operation. Such a management mechanism is enabled by utilizing the application-dependent delay tolerance properties of the cloud data, with the delay values conveyed to the radio access network and UE to manage the service requests for the cloud data. The mechanism was evaluated using LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network scenario and 5G dense-urban information society scenario from EU FP7 METIS project, and relative gains in terms of packet delays and throughput values are presented. The results indicate significant gains using the proposed management mechanism as compared to the reference case where no such enhancements are used. Virtual Machine-1 Virtual Machine-2 Virtual Machine-N Macro Small Cell Macro Small Cell Core Network Cloud Data Server (Cloud-based) Virtual Base Station Pool ...

Recent advancements in M2M communications in 4G networks and evolution towards 5G

2015 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks, 2015

Energy efficient device discovery for social cloud applications in 3GPP LTE-advanced networks

2014 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2014

ABSTRACT Recent advances in 3GPP for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying the cellula... more ABSTRACT Recent advances in 3GPP for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying the cellular infrastructure have revealed several benefits regarding network resource management and increased coverage. Notwithstanding these advantages, peer discovery may significant amount of device battery if devices need to constantly sense and notify each other irrespective of the application subscriptions, and the potential of establishing D2D communications. In this paper, we consider a novel social application-based discovery mechanism that enables D2D UEs to achieve significant energy consumption savings, using the concept of social cloud region. Such a cloud-based region helps UE to activate D2D discovery features only when they are close enough to other, while having same application-based interests. The engagement of cloud applications provides the means of offloading the discovery process from not only UEs but also the LTE core network. In this paper we analyze the energy consumption profiles of various discovery mechanisms using simulations. Our simulation results validate that our proposed discovery mechanism results in significant energy savings by reducing the frequency of performing discovery procedures.

Mobility state based flexible inter-frequency small cell discovery for heterogeneous networks

2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013

ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the use of an energy efficient, mobility state based flexible ... more ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the use of an energy efficient, mobility state based flexible scanning mechanism for the discovery of small cells deployed in a different carrier. The evaluated scheme considers the mobility state of the mobile terminal in a heterogeneous network scenario for determining the inter-frequency scanning rate and suspends inter-frequency measurements when the terminal is in high mobility state. The scheme is evaluated using mobility state estimation mechanisms and related enhancements, and is compared with inter-frequency cell search mechanism, currently defined for 3GPP LTE-Advanced systems. The evaluated mechanism can work autonomously within a mobile terminal or it could be implemented in a networkassisted manner. Utilization of available offloading opportunities as well as savings in terminal battery power consumption are numerically evaluated using an LTE-Advanced system setting. Results show that significant amounts of energy can be saved, while maximizing offloading potential and minimizing ping-pong connections and related signaling load.